Species and functional diversity of macrofungi from protected areas in mountain forest ecosystems of Southern Luzon, Philippines

Abstract Farmland landscapes are recognized as important ecosystems, not only for their rich biodiversity but equally so for the human beings who live and work in these places. However, biodiversity varies among sites (spatial change) and among seasons (temporal change). In this work, we tested the hypothesis that bird diversity hotspots distribution for breeding is congruent with bird diversity hotspots for wintering season, focusing also the representation of protected areas for the conservation of local hotspots. We proposed a framework based on the use of species richness, functional diversity, and evolutionary distinctiveness to characterize avian communities. Although our findings show that the spatial distribution of local bird hotspots differed slightly between seasons, the protected areas’ representation was similar in both seasons. Protected areas covered 65% of the most important zones for breeding and 71% for the wintering season in the farmland studied. Functional diversity showed similar patterns as did bird species richness, but this measure can be most effective for highlighting differences on bird community composition. Evolutionary distinctiveness was less congruent with species richness and functional diversity, among seasons. Our findings suggest that inter-seasonal spatial congruence of local hotspots can be considered as suitable areas upon which to concentrate greater conservation efforts. However, even considering the relative congruence of avian diversity metrics at a local spatial scale, simultaneous analysis of protected areas while inter-seasonally considering hotspots, can provide a more complete representation of ecosystems for assessing the conservation status and designating priority areas.

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The state of mountain forest ecosystems in the Bashkir Nature Reserve (Southern Urals)

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213500006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 00006

Author(s):

Ainur Biembetov ◽

Nur Yanybayev ◽

Ilnar Valiev

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Environmental Monitoring ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Southern Urals ◽

The State ◽

Mountain Forest ◽

The Southern Urals ◽

Current State

Environmental monitoring of specially protected natural reservations in Russia makes it necessary to analyze periodically the parameters of natural reservations to identify the state of components of nature. The Bashkir Nature Reserve is located in the Southern Urals. The availability of materials on forest management in 1956, 1969, 1979, and 2016 is one of the special features of the scientific fund of the Bashkir Nature Reserve. The analysis of these materials showed stable positive dynamics of the development of coniferous and small-leaved deciduous forestry and its current state.

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The Role of Phytodiversity in Riparian Alder Forests in Supporting the Provision of Ecosystem Services

Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica ◽

10.1515/aree-2016-0010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 47-51

Author(s):

Patrícia Mariničová ◽

Pavol Eliáš

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Functional Diversity ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Human Society

Abstract Nature, ecosystems and biodiversity provide human society with many benefits known as ecosystem services. Functional diversity is an important aspect of biodiversity. In this paper, we applied inductive approach to the identification, mapping and evaluation of ecosystem services of the Aegopodio-Alnetum glutinosae community in Tribeč Mts. The results from 2015 show that the alder floodplain forest represents one of the most productive forest ecosystems with seasonal maximum production of 59.03 g m−2, species diversity of N0 = 40 and functional diversity of FD = 10. The forage potential of this community is medium, the melliferous potential is high and the therapeutic potential was estimated as extremely rich in medicinal plants. From the functional groups for providing ecosystem services, woody plants and hemicryptophytes play the most significant role.

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Plant Taxonomic Diversity Better Explains Soil Fungal and Bacterial Diversity than Functional Diversity in Restored Forest Ecosystems

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8110479 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 479 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hanif ◽

Guo ◽

Moniruzzaman ◽

He ◽

Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Bacterial Diversity ◽

Functional Diversity ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Taxonomic Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Bacterial Richness

Plant attributes have direct and indirect effects on soil microbes via plant inputs and plant-mediated soil changes. However, whether plant taxonomic and functional diversities can explain the soil microbial diversity of restored forest ecosystems remains elusive. Here, we tested the linkage between plant attributes and soil microbial communities in four restored forests (Acacia species, Eucalyptus species, mixed coniferous species, mixed native species). The trait-based approaches were applied for plant properties and high-throughput Illumina sequencing was applied for fungal and bacterial diversity. The total number of soil microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) varied among the four forests. The highest richness of fungal OTUs was found in the Acacia forest. However, bacterial OTUs were highest in the Eucalyptus forest. Species richness was positively and significantly related to fungal and bacterial richness. Plant taxonomic diversity (species richness and species diversity) explained more of the soil microbial diversity than the functional diversity and soil properties. Prediction of fungal richness was better than that of bacterial richness. In addition, root traits explained more variation than the leaf traits. Overall, plant taxonomic diversity played a more important role than plant functional diversity and soil properties in shaping the soil microbial diversity of the four forests.

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High functional diversity of forest ecosystems is linked to high provision of water flow regulation ecosystem service

Ecological Indicators ◽

10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106433 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 115 ◽

pp. 106433

Author(s):

Jocelyn Esquivel ◽

Cristian Echeverría ◽

Alfredo Saldaña ◽

Rodrigo Fuentes

Keyword(s):

Water Flow ◽

Functional Diversity ◽

Ecosystem Service ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Flow Regulation ◽

Water Flow Regulation

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Forest Gap Size Alters the Functional Diversity of Soil Nematode Communities in Alpine Forest Ecosystems

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10090806 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 806

Author(s):

Shen ◽

Yang ◽

Zhang ◽

Xu ◽

Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Diversity ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Nematode Community ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Gap Size ◽

Forest Gap ◽

Forest Gaps ◽

Alpine Forest ◽

Soil Nematode Community ◽

Closed Canopy

Changes in the microenvironment driven by forest gaps have profound effects on soil nutrient cycling and litter decomposition processes in alpine forest ecosystems. However, it is unclear whether a similar forest gap effect occurs in the soil decomposer community. A field experiment was conducted in an alpine forest to investigate the composition and structure of the soil nematode community among four treatments, including under a closed canopy and in small (<10 m in diameter), medium (10‒15 m in diameter), and large (15‒20 m in diameter) gaps. A total of 92,787 individuals and 27 species (genera level) of soil nematode were extracted by elutriation and sugar centrifugation, respectively. Filenchus was the most abundant dominant taxa and represented 24.27%‒37.51% of the soil nematodes in the four treatments. Compared to the closed canopy, the forest gaps did not affect the composition, abundance, or species diversity of the soil nematode community but significantly affected the functional diversity of the soil nematode community. The maturity indices (MI, ∑MI, and MI2‒5) of the soil nematode community in the closed canopy were significantly lower than those in the forest gaps. Moreover, the proportion of plant parasitic index and maturity index (PPI/MI) values of the closed canopy and small gaps were significantly higher than those of the medium and large gaps. Our results suggest that the forest gap size substantially alters the functional diversity of soil nematodes in the debris food web, and changes in soil nematode community structure due to gap formation may have profound effects on soil biogeochemical processes in alpine forests.

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Ecosystem services from mountain forest ecosystems: conceptual framework, approach and challenges

Silva Balcanica ◽

10.3897/silvabalcanica.21.e54628 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 47-68

Author(s):

Maria Glushkova ◽

Miglena Zhiyanski ◽

Stoyan Nedkov ◽

Rositsa Yaneva ◽

Lora Stoeva

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Water Cycle ◽

Well Being ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Mountain Forest ◽

Territorial Development ◽

Mountain Areas ◽

Mountain Ecosystems ◽

Wide Range

Mountain ecosystems play an essential role in sustainable mountain development, providing benefits and values to humanity not only for the rich biodiversity they contain, but also because of their important role in climate regulation, water cycle, provisioning of recreation, tourism, cultural or spiritual values. The high biodiversity of the mountain areas allow the provision of a wide range of ecosystem services. However, different impacts to the environment threaten the delivery of these services and, consequently, the quality of life of people, both living in the mountains and outside the mountains. Recognizing, demonstrating and capturing the value of ecosystem services can play an important role in setting policy directions for ecosystem management and conservation and, thus, in increasing the provision of ecosystem services and their contributions to human well-being. Quantifying and mapping of these benefits can also help managers and decision makers to realize the importance of these sites for conservation and to allow the proper understandings of the impacts of mountain forest ecosystems on territorial development and welfare of local populations. The paper aims to outline the relevance and applicability of the ecosystem services approach for the assessment of the condition of mountain ecosystems and the services, they provide, for better understanding by the scientific community and to support decision makers in sustainable management of mountain regions.

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Production potential of photosynthesis in forest ecosystems of the low mountain Pokuttya (Ukrainian Carpathians)

Biosystems Diversity ◽

10.15421/011603 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 15-25

Author(s):

S. Y. Milevskaya

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Light Energy ◽

Mountain Forest ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Total Production ◽

Production Potential ◽

Hydrological Conditions ◽

Mapping Models

The aim of the study was testing on the example of a model region a method of estimation of the production potential of forest ecosystems and the consequences of anthropogenic changes there. The object of study is a typical Carpathian lower mountain forest in the basin of the river Lyuchka, an area of 14,806 ha. It has long undergone considerable agricultural transformations. Studies were based on cartographic modeling of modern anthropogenically transformed biogeocenotic cover using large scale satellite images. The main types of biogeocenotical cover were defined according to the altitudinal zonation of vegetation of the parts of the mountain terrain and the prevailing types of soil and hydrological conditions. For analytical procedures a database of materials describing the biometric features of the forests was created. It is possible to perform calculations of average and potential biometrical parameters of stands growing in different climatic, soil and hydrological conditions. The structure and the biological diversity of different vegetation types was determined by construction of mapping models of spatial structures of the basic types of biogeocenotic cover. The biological productivity of the main types of forest ecosystems was determined on base of the volume of timber stands. The mass of dry wood was determined taking into account its size and standard density of wood of different tree species. Calculation of the total volume of forest biomass was performed using the conversion factors of weight relative to the trunk timber volume. The mass of carbon deposited accounted for 50% of the total biomass. The average annual growth of biomass and carbon deposited was determined by dividing the volume of the stands by their average age. Calculation of phytocenosis consumed as a result of photosynthesis reaction of CO2, H2O and light energy was performed taking into account corresponding material and energy ratios. In general, in the course of one year the biogeocenotic cover of the model lowland area could deposit as a result of photosynthesis for the restoration of potential vegetation cover 43.3 ths. tons of carbon, while consuming 159 ths. t of CO2 and 65.2 ths. t of H2O and 1,724 ∙ 103 GJ of light energy, which is equivalent to 479 GW ∙ hour. During this process O2 – 115.7 ths. t would be emitted into the atmosphere. In terms of 1 hectare, this is equal to C – 2.92 t ∙ ha–1, CO2 – 10.7 t ∙ ha–1, H20 – 4.4 t ∙ha–1, O2 – 7.8 t ∙ ha–1, E – 116.4 GJ ∙ ha–1, which is equivalent to 32.3 MW ∙ h ∙ ha–1. The total production capacity of photosynthesis of the modern biogeocenotic cover model area is 38% of the potential. As a result, the energy loss is 20 MW ∙ h–1 ∙ ha–1 light energy to 1.9 t ∙ ha–1 less than the deposited carbon 6.7 t ∙ ha–1 less carbon dioxide used, 2.8 t ∙ ha–1 water is not used, 3.9 t ha–1 oxygen is not returned to the atmosphere. The large specific amount of unused resources of productivity of biogeocenotic cover, carbon dioxide, light energy, untranspired moisture in the air and unemitted oxygen can cause a significant impact on local climatic conditions.

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Soil respiration and its relationship with litter contributions in a wooded mountain soil

South Florida Journal of Development ◽

10.46932/sfjdv2n2-098 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 2382-2397

Author(s):

Francisco Prieto García ◽

Judith Prieto Méndez ◽

Beatriz Valdes Prado ◽

Eliazar Aquino Torres

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Carbon Flux ◽

National Park ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Mountain Forest ◽

Tropical Mountain ◽

Wooded Area ◽

Ecological Conservation ◽

One Year

ABSTRACT Soil respiration in forest ecosystems is considered to be the second most important carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. In tropical forests, the factor that most influences soil respiration is the temporal variation in temperature, and in water content or precipitation; the soil temperature is relatively constant. The behavior of the RS was established, and this ecological process was estimated and modeled for a tropical mountain forest in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. It has contributed to strengthening the theoretical framework for the restoration and ecological conservation of this forest, considered a National Park, this has been the main objective of this work. Its relationship with the climatic parameters and factors that regulate CO2-soil-atmosphere fluxes in an annual cycle was analyzed. The daytime respiratory rate was slightly higher (average of 3.54 tmCO2/ha) than the nocturnal one (average of 3.35 tmCO2/ha), depending on the ambient temperature and the climatic conditions. The humic acid found in the soils was classified for the mountainous wooded area of the Chico National Park. Andosols are humic soils and humic acids were classified predominantly as type A. According to the results obtained, with only one year of evaluation, it should be noted that it is necessary to carry out a greater number of evaluations, at least during a period of 5 to 10 years and for different seasonal periods, in order to strengthen the responses found for this ecosystem.

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