Leonhard's ‘individual therapy’ and its relation to behaviour therapy

1976 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
G. Röper
Keyword(s):  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Behaviour Therapy

Teaching Mindfulness Skills in DBT

2017 ◽  
pp. 366-388
Author(s):  
Maggie Stanton ◽  
Christine Dunkley
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Mindfulness Skills ◽  
Skills Group ◽  
Phone Contact ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction ◽  
The Way

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) differs from other approaches by teaching mindfulness as a set of skills. In contrast to mindfulness-based therapies such as Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), DBT makes a distinction between observe, describe, and participate (the “What Skills”) and teaches each as a separate skill. DBT makes explicit the way in which these skills are practised, i.e. non-judgementally, one-mindfully, and effectively (the “How Skills”). In addition, the skill of “Wise Mind” teaches the client how to make decisions and choices that provide a synthesis of both logical and emotional perspectives. Mindfulness skills are acquired in skills group, strengthened in individual therapy, and generalized via phone contact. Thus, the chapter is organized around these three modes of delivering therapy. Client examples and scenarios demonstrate the process and strategies used with attention to overcoming challenges that can arise when teaching these skills.

A randomised trial of dialectical behaviour therapy and the conversational model for the treatment of borderline personality disorder with recent suicidal and/or non-suicidal self-injury: An effectiveness study in an Australian public mental health service

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1020-1034
Author(s):  
Carla J Walton ◽  
Nick Bendit ◽  
Amanda L Baker ◽  
Gregory L Carter ◽  
Terry J Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Self Injury

Objectives: Borderline personality disorder is a complex mental disorder that is associated with a high degree of suffering for the individual. Dialectical behaviour therapy has been studied in the largest number of controlled trials for treatment of individuals with borderline personality disorder. The conversational model is a psychodynamic treatment also developed specifically for treatment of borderline personality disorder. We report on the outcomes of a randomised trial comparing dialectical behaviour therapy and conversational model for treatment of borderline personality disorder in a routine clinical setting. Method: Participants had a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and a minimum of three suicidal and/or non-suicidal self-injurious episodes in the previous 12 months. Consenting individuals were randomised to either dialectical behaviour therapy or conversational model and contracted for 14 months of treatment ( n = 162 commenced therapy). Dialectical behaviour therapy involved participants attending weekly individual therapy, weekly group skills training and having access to after-hours phone coaching. Conversational model involved twice weekly individual therapy. Assessments occurred at baseline, mid-treatment (7 months) and post-treatment (14 months). Assessments were conducted by a research assistant blind to treatment condition. Primary outcomes were change in suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious episodes and severity of depression. We hypothesised that dialectical behaviour therapy would be more effective in reducing suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour and that conversational model would be more effective in reducing depression. Results: Both treatments showed significant improvement over time across the 14 months duration of therapy in suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury and depression scores. There were no significant differences between treatment models in reduction of suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury. However, dialectical behaviour therapy was associated with significantly greater reductions in depression scores compared to conversational model. Conclusion: This research adds to the accumulating body of knowledge of psychotherapeutic treatment of borderline personality disorder and supports the use of both dialectical behaviour therapy and conversational model as effective treatments in routine clinical settings, with some additional benefits for dialectical behaviour therapy for persons with co-morbid depression.

Behavioural Analysis: Does It Matter?

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Therapy Strategies

Behavioural or, in more general terms, problem analysis is usually regarded as the prerequisite of behaviour therapy. In behaviour therapy research, however, problem analysis does not play a key role. Patients are usually assigned to treatment methods on the basis of clinical diagnosis. It could be assumed that the lack of attention to the patient's individual characteristics should lead to poorer therapy outcome results. However, empirical data of a project reviewed in this paper in fact showed that assigning patients to standard treatment merely on the basis of clinical diagnoses provides results equal to or even better than those of optimized individual therapy strategies. Two premises of problem analysis were therefore tested. It could be shown that therapists would diagnose different problem conditions not only for patients with different types of phobia, but also, as expected, for patients with identical diagnoses. However, this did not—as would be expected according to the second premise of problem analysis—result in choosing different individual therapy strategies. One reason for these findings could be that behaviour therapy research has been able to provide treatment programs that have been differentiated and gradually optimized for specific diagnostic groups. To decide on the application of these treatment programs, clinical diagnoses are necessary. It is suggested that clinical diagnosis and problem analysis should be complementary. An integrative model is suggested.

scholarly journals Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychosis in High Secure Services: An Exploratory Hermeneutic Review of the International Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon Slater ◽  
Michael Townend
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Proven Efficacy ◽  
The Uk

Background: Mainstream psychological interventions may need adaptation in High Secure (HS) healthcare contexts to enable better recovery, safeguard the public and offer economic value. One specific psychological intervention, cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp), has an already proven efficacy in aiding recovery in non-forensic populations, yet its impact in HS settings has received considerably less research attention. Aims: This exploratory review catalogues CBTp approaches used in HS hospitals and appraises impact through the inclusion of both fugitive literature and peer reviewed research. Method: A pragmatic approach was utilized through an iterative literature search strategy and hermeneutic source analysis of the identified studies. Results: Fourteen studies were identified from HS contexts from within the UK and internationally. These included group, individual therapy and CBTp linked milieus. Conclusions: CBTp is an active component of treatment in HS contexts. Some modes of delivery seem to have greater levels of efficacy with more typical HS patients. The literature indicates key differences between HS and non-HS applied CBTp. Continued application and evaluation of CBTp in HS conditions is warranted.

A UNITED KINGDOM SURVEY OF ACCRED ITED COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPISTS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS AND USE OF STRUCTURED SELF-HELP MATERIALS

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Keeley ◽  
Chris Williams ◽  
David A. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Health Care Practitioner ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Materials Used

Self-help materials can be offered to clients/patients either for use alone (unsupported self-help) or to support work with a health care practitioner (supported self-help). Structured self-help materials that use a Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) treatment approach have been shown to be clinically effective. We report a national survey of all 500 cognitive and behavioural psychotherapists registered with the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies, the lead organisation for CBT in the United Kingdom. A total of 265 therapists responded (53%). Self-help materials were used by 88.7% of therapists and were mostly provided as a supplement to individual therapy. Self-help was most frequently used to help patients experiencing depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder and was largely delivered using paper-based formats. The majority of self-help materials used a CBT approach. Only 36.2% of therapists had been trained in how to use self-help treatments, and those who had received training recommended self-help treatments to more clients/patients per week and rated self-help approaches as being significantly more helpful than those who had not received training.

scholarly journals A Feasibility Study of the Translation of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychosis into an Australian Adult Mental Health Clinical Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Lee Beames ◽  
Esben Strodl ◽  
Frances Dark ◽  
Jennifer Wilson ◽  
Judith Sheridan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Public Mental Health Services

AbstractThere is evidence that Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp) is an effective intervention for reducing psychotic symptoms. The recently updated Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines (RANZCP CPG) recommend CBTp for the therapeutic management of schizophrenia and related disorders. Translational research is required to examine how well CBTp can be applied into public mental health services. This feasibility study aimed to provide preliminary evidence on how acceptable, implementable, and adaptable individual or group CBTp may be within a public mental health service in Australia. Twenty-seven participants initially agreed to participate in the study with 16 participants being randomised to either group or individual therapy, 11 starting therapy and 7 completing therapy. The intervention involved approximately 20 h of manualised CBTp. Attendance was higher in the individual therapy. Subjective reports indicated that the therapy was acceptable to all completers. Participants who engaged in individual or group CBTp experienced a similar level of reduction in the severity of hallucinations and delusions. Individual CBTp may be a feasible, acceptable, and effective intervention to include in Australian public mental health services. A pilot trial is now required to provide further evidence for and guidance of how best to translate CBTp protocols to Australian mental health services.

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Pre-adolescent Children

2017 ◽  
pp. 690-718
Author(s):  
Francheska Perepletchikova
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Parental Role ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
Cognitive Levels ◽  
Almost All

Dialectical Behavior Therapy for pre-adolescent children (DBT-C) targets severe emotional and behavioural dysregulation in the paediatric population by teaching adaptive coping skills and helping parents create a validating and a change-ready environment. It retains the theoretical model, principles, and therapeutic strategies of standard DBT, and incorporates almost all of the adult DBT skills and didactics into the curriculum. However, the presentation and packaging of the information are considerably different to accommodate for the developmental and cognitive levels of pre-adolescent children. Additionally, the treatment target hierarchy has been greatly expanded to incorporate emphasis on the parental role in attaining child’s treatment goals. This chapter discusses the theoretical model, presents the treatment target hierarchy, provides an overview of the adaptations made to skills training and individual therapy, discusses the addition of the parent training component, and finally, briefly presents an empirical evidence for the model.

Oxford Guide to Low Intensity CBT Interventions

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Bulletin Boards ◽  
The Many

This Guide documents the drive to democratise psychotherapy. Its 62 chapters by world leaders in the field detail how to help the many, not just a privileged few. They draw together a wealth of evidence on ways to give short cost-effective therapy and prevent mental health problems, especially depression and anxiety. The result is a rich work of reference. It includes historical, organisational and training aspects, assessment, monitoring, homework and evaluation, self-help by books and by computer, and government initiatives to broaden access to help. The Guide focuses on short forms of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). It depicts progress in the broadening of access, but adds a caveat. For one reason or another, a huge proportion of sufferers do not use readily available health services. Using examples of the STEPS program to explore imaginative efforts to reach such people in deprived multi-ethnic areas in Glasgow via brief-advice clinics, education classes with over 100 attendees, and links to employment, financial and interest groups, and other community facilities. Additionally, the Australian ‘beyondblue’ website initiative outlines impressive ways to increase community awareness of depression and its low intensity. The volume covers further refreshingly diverse means of delivering care. They include brief face-to-face individual therapy, group work, contact by phone, email, SMS, and bulletin boards, as well as self-help books and computer-aided programs. The aim is to ‘get more bang for our buck’ - to help as many sufferers as possible in the minimum time needed from practitioners who are trained to provide low intensity services and measure outcome.

Individual therapy techniques with suicidal adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 609-618
Author(s):  
Anthony Spirito ◽  
Christianne Esposito-Smythers ◽  
Shayna Cheek
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Underlying Condition ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
Primary Focus

This chapter provides a brief summary of the literature on individual therapy with suicidal adolescents. The primary focus is on the treatment of adolescents who have attempted suicide. However, effective treatment of an underlying condition, such as depression, does not necessarily result in a reduction in suicidality. Therapy techniques specific to cognitive, emotional/affective, interpersonal, and intrapsychic factors are reviewed. These techniques were chosen based on the current treatment outcome literature, treatment protocols tested in clinical trials, and the clinical literature. Techniques from cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), psychodynamic psychotherapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) are described. An approach to psychoeducation regarding suicidality is also presented.

DBT and intellectual disabilities: the relationship between treatment fidelity and therapeutic adaptation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Christopher Patterson ◽  
Jonathan Williams ◽  
Robert S.P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skills Group ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Group Consultation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Purpose There is growing literature on the application of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) with adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs). To draw upon the evidence-base from mainstream approaches, adapted interventions must remain true to their theoretical foundations and retain key components. The purpose of this paper was to establish the extent to which DBT has been adapted for adults with ID, and whether existing adapted protocols can still be considered DBT. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical underpinnings and key components of DBT were identified. Six DBT studies were critiqued according to these criteria. Findings In terms of content, only one intervention comprised all necessary elements. All of the remaining interventions included a skills group; two included individual therapy and another two included group consultation. None of the remaining interventions provided 24-h telephone support. Furthermore, none of the studies explicitly described using dialectical strategies. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to critically examine the evidence-base for the use of DBT in ID, particularly its fidelity.

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