The effects of dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte membrane phospholipids, erythrocyte deformability and blood viscosity in healthy volunteers

1985 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.J. Cartwright ◽  
A.G. Pockley ◽  
J.H. Galloway ◽  
M. Greaves ◽  
F.E. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Erythrocyte Deformability ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids

scholarly journals Dietary fat and the diabetic state alter insulin binding and the fatty acyl composition of the adipocyte plasma membrane

1988 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Field ◽  
E A Ryan ◽  
A B Thomson ◽  
M T Clandinin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Diabetic State

Control and diabetic rats were fed on semi-purified high-fat diets providing a polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio (P/S) of 1.0 or 0.25, to examine the effect of diet on the fatty acid composition of major phospholipids of the adipocyte plasma membrane. Feeding the high-P/S diet (P/S = 1.0) compared with the low-P/S diet (P/S = 0.25) increased the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids in both control and diabetic animals. The diabetic state decreased the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid, in adipocyte membrane phospholipids. The decrease in arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids of diabetic animals tended to be normalized to within the control values when high-P/S diets were given. For control animals, altered plasma-membrane composition was associated with change in insulin binding, suggesting that change in plasma-membrane composition may have physiological consequences for insulin-stimulated functions in the adipocyte.

scholarly journals Modulation of human type II secretory phospholipase A2 by sphingomyelin and annexin VI

1997 ◽  
Vol 326 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamen KOUMANOV ◽  
Claude WOLF ◽  
Gilbert BÉREZIAT
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Human Type ◽  
Annexin Vi ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Conjectural results have been reported on the capacity of inflammatory secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) to hydrolyse mammalian membrane phospholipids. Development of an assay based on the release of non-esterified fatty acids by the enzyme acting on the organized phospholipid mixture constituting the membrane matrix has led to the identification of two prominent effectors, sphingomyelin (SPH) and annexin. Recombinant human type II sPLA2 hydrolyses red-cell membrane phospholipids with a marked preference for the inner leaflet. This preference is apparently related to the high content of SPH in the outer leaflet, which inhibits sPLA2. This inhibition by SPH is specific for sPLA2. Cholesterol counteracts the inhibition of sPLA2 by SPH, suggesting that the SPH-to-cholesterol ratio accounts in vivo for the variable susceptibility of cell membranes to sPLA2. Different effects were observed of the presence of the non-hydrolysable D-α-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (D-DPPC), which renders the membranes rigid but does not inhibit sPLA2. Annexin VI was shown, along with other annexins, to inhibit sPLA2 activity by sequestering the phospholipid substrate. The present study has provided the first evidence that annexin VI, in concentrations that inhibit hydrolysis of purified phospholipid substrates, stimulated the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids by sPLA2. The activation requires the presence of membrane proteins. The effect is specific for type II sPLA2 and is not reproducible with type I PLA2. The activation by annexin VI of sPLA2 acting on red cell membranes results in the preferential release of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It suggests that type II sPLA2, in conjunction with annexin VI, might be involved in the final step of endocytosis and/or exocytosis providing the free polyunsaturated fatty acids acting synergistically to cause membrane fusion.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Protectors against Calcium Oxalate Renal Stone Formation: A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069
Author(s):  
Allen L. Rodgers ◽  
Roswitha Siener
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Different Types

In the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been implicated by virtue of their metabolic links with arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin PGE2. Studies have also shown that n-3 PUFAs, particularly those in fish oil—eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)—can serve as competitive substrates for AA in the n-6 series and can be incorporated into cell membrane phospholipids in the latter’s place, thereby reducing urinary excretions of calcium and oxalate. The present review interrogates several different types of study which address the question of the potential roles played by dietary PUFAs in modulating stone formation. Included among these are human trials that have investigated the effects of dietary PUFA interventions. We identified 16 such trials. Besides fish oil (EPA+DHA), other supplements such as evening primrose oil containing n-6 FAs linoleic acid (LA) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) were tested. Urinary excretion of calcium or oxalate or both decreased in most trials. However, these decreases were most prominent in the fish oil trials. We recommend the administration of fish oil containing EPA and DHA in the management of calcium oxalate urolithiasis.

scholarly journals The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of n-3 PUFAs: Their Role in Cardiovascular Protection

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Oppedisano ◽  
Roberta Macrì ◽  
Micaela Gliozzi ◽  
Vincenzo Musolino ◽  
Cristina Carresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with 18, 20 or 22 carbon atoms, which have been found able to counteract cardiovascular diseases. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in particular, have been found to produce both vaso- and cardio-protective response via modulation of membrane phospholipids thereby improving cardiac mitochondrial functions and energy production. However, antioxidant properties of n-3 PUFAs, along with their anti-inflammatory effect in both blood vessels and cardiac cells, seem to exert beneficial effects in cardiovascular impairment. In fact, dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs has been demonstrated to reduce oxidative stress-related mitochondrial dysfunction and endothelial cell apoptosis, an effect occurring via an increased activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, n-3 PUFAs have been shown to counteract the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both vascular tissues and in the myocardium, thereby restoring vascular reactivity and myocardial performance. Here we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of n-3 PUFAs in vascular and cardiac tissues and their implication in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Selective internalization of arachidonic acid by endothelial cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
E R Hall ◽  
C E Manner ◽  
J Carinhas ◽  
R Snopko ◽  
M Rafelson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Bovine Endothelial Cell

The asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in bovine endothelial-cell membranes was probed with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonate and purified phospholipase A2. The data suggest that phosphotidylethanolamine is primarily located in the inner lipid bilayer, as reported for other cell types. Stearic acid is taken up by the endothelial cells and is randomly distributed among the membrane phospholipids. In contrast, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic, eicosatrienoic and eicosapentaenoic acids) have initial incorporation into the phosphatidylcholine fraction. These fatty acids then undergo a time-dependent transfer from phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine. Thus we propose that endothelial cells possess a mechanism for the selective internalization of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Hemorheological benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte deformability in renal transplanted patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Yoa ◽  
C. Corda ◽  
J.R. Rapin ◽  
L. Santona ◽  
H. Goudonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Erythrocyte Deformability ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification in healthy volunteers supplemented with low doses ofn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhán Higgins ◽  
Yvonne L. Carroll ◽  
Sinéad N. McCarthy ◽  
Bernice M. Corridan ◽  
Helen M. Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Oxidative Susceptibility ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the oxidative susceptibility of LDL in human volunteers following supplementation with various low doses (<1 g/d) ofn–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Sixty-two healthy volunteers (thirty-seven males and twenty-five females, aged 19–63 years) were recruited to take part in a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Volunteers were required to take 0.9, 0.6 or 0.3 gn–3 PUFA as fish oil or placebo capsules daily for 16 weeks. Susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification was assessed by measuring the production of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in LDL oxidised by Cu2+(15 μM) OR 2,2″-AZOBIS(2-AMIDINOPROPANE) DIHYDROCHLORIDE (1 Mm) for 5 h. Plasma fatty acid and LDL-fatty acid composition, cholesterol levels and antioxidant concentrations were also measured. While post-treatmentn–3 PUFA compositions of plasma and LDL reflected the capsule contents, no meaningful differences in antioxidant concentrations or cholesterol levels were observed between the groups. Supplementation with low doses ofn–3 PUFA as fish oil did not influence the oxidative susceptibility of LDL. The results of the present study suggest that moderate dietary intakes ofn–3 PUFA do not significantly influence the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modificationin vitro.

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