Effects of environmental factors on the liberation of spores from some red algae of Visakhapatnam coast

In the Mediterranean Sea, the fleshy red alga Phyllophora crispa forms dense mats of up to 15 cm thickness, mainly located on rocky substrates in water depths below 20 m. Because of the observed density of these mats and some first observations, we hypothesize that P. crispa is a yet undescribed ecosystem engineer that provides a multitude of ecological niches for associated organisms along small-scale environmental gradients. Therefore, we conducted an in-situ pilot study in the Western Mediterranean Sea to assess potential influence of the algae mats on the key environmental factors water movement, temperature and light intensity. We comparatively and simultaneously measured in P. crispa mats, in neighboring Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows, on neighboring bare rocky substrates without algae mats, and in the directly overlying water column. We used several underwater logging sensors and gypsum clod cards. Findings revealed that P. crispa significantly reduced water movement by 41% compared to the overlying water column, whereas water movement was not affected by P. oceanica meadows and bare rocky substrates. Surprisingly, P. crispa increased the water temperature by 0.3°C relative to the water column, while the water temperature in P. oceanica and on bare rocky substrates was reduced by 0.5°C. Light intensity inside the red algae mats was reduced significantly by 69% compared to the water column. This was similar to measured light reduction of 77% by P. oceanica. These findings highlight the strong influence of the dense red algae mats on some key environmental factors. Their influence is obviously similar or even higher than for the well-known seagrass ecosystem engineer. This may be a factor that facilitates associated biodiversity similarly as described for P. oceanica.

Download Full-text

NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF RED ALGAE (RHODOPHYTA) ON THE CORAL REEF OF PARI ISLANDS, SERIBU ISLANDS

Marine Research in Indonesia ◽

10.14203/mri.v17i0.348 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 15-27

Author(s):

Wanda Surjana Atmadja

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Species Composition ◽

Red Algae ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Seasonal Influence ◽

Bottom Type ◽

Fringing Reef

Many species of red algae are economically important for their carrageenan contents. Since May 1974 to June 1975 an intensive survey on their distributions have been carried out on the fringing reef of Pari Islands, Seribu Islands. Thirty five species of Rhodophyta have been identified and their species composition and relative importance as compared to Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta have been studied. Environmental factors, such as bottom type and seasonal influence on their distribution, emphasized in the discussion. Further studies on inventory and the distribution of these algae will be continued particularly in support of the culture experiments for some of the species.

Download Full-text

4. The resulting structure—a reef

Coral Reefs: A Very Short Introduction ◽

10.1093/actrade/9780198869825.003.0004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 42-57

Author(s):

Charles Sheppard

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Red Algae ◽

Scuba Diving ◽

Vast Number ◽

General Design ◽

Form Of Life ◽

Starting Point ◽

Key Factor ◽

Diversity Of Life

Reef profiles are remarkably consistent in general design because they are essentially biological constructions responding to environmental factors. All have reef flats, a horizontal expanse at low tide level that develops when the reef can no longer build upwards and extends horizontally. This is commonly the largest expanse and is the only part that early naturalists could examine until the advent of scuba diving relatively recently. However, it is always relatively depauperate because of the extremes of heat, salinity, and light that affect it. To seaward is the reef crest, commonly constructed by calcareous red algae that are the only form of life that can withstand the severe waves that pound the reef. To seaward of the crest, the reef slopes downwards, and is where environmental conditions are most benign and where the greatest biodiversity is found. The rugosity or 3-D structure of a reef is a key factor in reef biodiversity because it provides a vast number of niches for the huge diversity of life. Reefs are constantly subjected to erosion from burrowing and tunnelling forms, whose activity creates sand and sediment. This is then forced into crevices or pushed up onto the island behind it, so this erosion is also the starting point for further reef and island construction. Expanses of sand are associated with all reefs, and are home to another rich assemblage of species.

Download Full-text

Diurnal periodicity of spore-shedding in some red algae of Visakhapatnam coast

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology ◽

10.1016/0022-0981(87)90155-9 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 106 (2) ◽

pp. 193-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M.Umamaheswara Rao ◽

N. Kaliaperumal

Keyword(s):

Red Algae ◽

Diurnal Periodicity ◽

Spore Shedding ◽

Visakhapatnam Coast

Download Full-text

AMPLIFIKASI DNA ALGA MERAH (RHODOPHYTA) Eucheuma sp.

JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS ◽

10.35800/jplt.6.2.2018.21516 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Paratiti Dewi Djakatara ◽

Grevo S Gerung ◽

Elvy L Ginting ◽

Calvyn F.A. Sondak ◽

Natalie D.C. Rumampuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Red Algae ◽

Genomic Dna ◽

Dna Isolation ◽

Water Movement ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Dna Amplification ◽

Production Quality ◽

Genomic Dna Isolation

Indonesia is a rich source of biodiversity and having a richness species of marine organisms. Indonesia has around 17,000 islands, a suitable place for seaweed growth because of its long coastline. There are around 782 species of seaweed in Indonesia with 196 species of green algae, 134 species of brown algae, and 452 red algae. Any of various seaweeds that potential sources of revenue and mostly can be found around Indonesian waters is Eucheuma sp. including in red algae and can produce carrageenan. Algae Morphological characteristics can be influenced by environmental factors among others: water movement, sunlight, temperature, salinity, and degree of acidity (pH). Beside environmental factors, genetic factors can influence differences in production quality and morphological characteristics of algae. To distinguish morphological characteristics can be analyzed molecularly. In molecular analysis, important steps that must be taken are DNA isolation and genomic DNA amplification. Isolation of red algae DNA in this study using the CTAB method which was modified from Doyle and Doyle (1987), Allen (2006) and Nugroho et al. (2015). Amplification of red algae genomic DNA (Eucheuma sp.) Using COX2 and rbcL genes on PCR. The success of the genomic DNA isolation process and the amplification of COX2 and rbcL genes from Eucheuma sp. detected through UV transilluminator after going through a gel electrophoresis process. Based on this study, several modifications need to be carried out in the DNA isolation stage Eucheuma sp. by using the method of Doyle and Doyle (1987) modifications that need to be carried out include adding vitamin C and liquid nitrogen. Furthermore DNA of Eucheuma sp. successfully amplified by using F-577 and R-753 primers. Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumber keanekaragaman hayati dan memiliki kekayaan spesies laut tertinggi. Indonesia memiliki sekitar 17.000 pulau, menjadi tempat yang cocok untuk pertumbuhan rumput laut karena garis pantainya yang panjang. Terdapat sekitar 782 spesies rumput laut di Indonesia dengan 196 spesies alga hijau, 134 spesies alga cokelat, dan 452 alga merah. Salah satu jenis rumput laut yang potensial dan banyak dijumpai di perairan Indonesia adalah Eucheuma sp. yang termasuk dalam alga merah dan dapat menghasilkan karaginan. Karakteristik morfologi alga dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan antara lain : gerakan air, cahaya matahari, suhu, salinitas dan derajat keasaman (pH). Selain faktor lingkungan, faktor genetik dapat mempengaruhi perbedaan kualitas produksi dan karakteristik morfologi pada alga. Untuk membedakan karakteristik morfologi dapat dianalisis secara molekuler. Dalam analisis molekuler, langkah penting yang harus dilakukan adalah isolasi DNA dan amplifikasi DNA genomik. Isolasi DNA alga merah dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode CTAB yang di modifikasi dari Doyle dan Doyle, (1987), Allen, (2006) dan Nugroho dkk, (2015). Amplifikasi DNA genomik alga merah (Eucheuma sp.) menggunakan gen COX2 dan rbcL pada PCR. Keberhasilan proses isolasi DNA genomik dan amplifikasi gen COX2 dan rbcL dari Eucheuma sp. dideteksi melalui UV transilluminator setelah melalui proses elektroforesis gel. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, beberapa modifikasi perlu dilaksanakan dalam tahap isolasi DNA Eucheuma sp. dengan menggunakan metode Doyle dan Doyle, (1987) modifikasi yang perlu dilaksanakan meliputi penambahan vitamin C dan nitrogen cair. Selanjutnya DNA Eucheuma sp. berhasil diamplifikasi dengan menggunakan primer F-577 dan R-753.

Download Full-text

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001231 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicole M. Baran

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Developmental Genetic ◽

Term Study ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

Download Full-text

The dual nature of obesity in metabolic programming: quantity versus quality of adipose tissue

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20201028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (18) ◽

pp. 2447-2451

Author(s):

Anissa Viveiros ◽

Gavin Y. Oudit

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Metabolic Programming ◽

Dual Nature ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Adipose Tissue Volume ◽

Males And Females ◽

Metabolically Healthy

Abstract The global prevalence of obesity has been rising at an alarming rate, accompanied by an increase in both childhood and maternal obesity. The concept of metabolic programming is highly topical, and in this context, describes a predisposition of offspring of obese mothers to the development of obesity independent of environmental factors. Research published in this issue of Clinical Science conducted by Litzenburger and colleagues (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2020) 134, 921–939) have identified sex-dependent differences in metabolic programming and identify putative signaling pathways involved in the differential phenotype of adipose tissue between males and females. Delineating the distinction between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity is a topic of emerging interest, and the precise nature of adipocytes are key to pathogenesis, independent of adipose tissue volume.

Download Full-text

Shared Responsibilities for Full Participation in Society: Planning Further Integration of the ICF Into AAC

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/persp1.sig12.83 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (12) ◽

pp. 83-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mary Blake Huer ◽

Travis T. Threats

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Functional Limitations ◽

Community Support ◽

World Health ◽

International Classification Of Functioning ◽

Personal Factors ◽

Social Service Agencies ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Full Participation

The World Health Organization's (WHO's) 2001 International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) has as one of its central tenets the full inclusion of persons with disabilities in society. It acknowledges the need for medical and rehabilitation intervention in its biopscychosocial framework. However, the WHO realizes that society must do its part to facilitate this full participation and empowerment. Persons with complex communication needs (PWCCN) often need augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in order to express themselves. However, in order to access and successfully use AAC, PWCCN need access to the necessary AAC devices and services, as well as a willing society to interact with them as full contributing members of society. The factors outside of a person's specific physical and/or cognitive functional limitations are addressed in the ICF via the Personal and Environmental Factors. Personal Factors include the individual's personality traits, lifestyle, experiences, social/educational/professional background, race, gender, and age. Environmental Factors include community support systems, social service agencies, governments, social networks, and those persons that interact with the PWCCN. This article addresses the sociopolitical influences on PWCCN and their functioning from a human rights perspective. The necessary introspective role of speech-language pathologists in this process is explored.

Download Full-text