BCG vaccination: A comparison of post-vaccination tuberculin sensitivity after oral and intradermal vaccination of newborn infants

Tubercle ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Kahn ◽  
Rolf Meyerheim ◽  
R.D. Azulay ◽  
Achilles Scorzelli
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Tuberculin Sensitivity

Sucrose and Facilitated Tucking for Pain Among Neonates Receiving Vaccination, in Puducherry

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatha S. ◽  
Rebecca Samson ◽  
Christopher Amalraj ◽  
Sundaresan Sundaresan
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents ◽  
Study Intervention

Neglected pain in neonates leads to various ill effects and it can be prevented by using simple and safe non-pharmacological pain relieving measures. Pharmacologic agents are not recommended in neonates for acute pain due toinvasive procedures however, administration of 24% oralsucrose solutionis found to be effective. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of 24%oral sucrose in combination with Facilitated tucking during BCG Vaccination through intradermalroute in term neonates which is not done elsewhere. Fifty five healthy term neonates who fulfilled the inclusion criteria such as gestational age above 37 weeks, within 24 hoursof birth age, and neonates delivered only through spontaneous vaginal delivery were included in the study. The study intervention consists of administration of 2 ml of oral 24% sucrose 2 minutes before BCG Vaccination through intradermal route and Facilitated tuckingat the time of vaccination. The primary outcome measure of cumulative NIPS score at 0, 3,5 minuteswas not significant in both the study groups. Whereas there was significant reduction in the level of pain and mean cry time in the neonates of sucrose group. Heart rateand oxygen saturation after intradermal injection also showed significant (p less than 0.001) differenceamong the neonates, who received 24% of oral sucroseand Facilitated tucking than for neonates of control group. Thus oral (24%)sucrose solution given 2 minutes before injection was effective in reducing level of neonatal pain following Intradermal Vaccination. It is a simple, safe and fast acting analgesic and should be considered for minor invasive procedures in term neonates which last for 5-7minutes.

Scar Formation and Tuberculin Conversion Following BCG

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3056-3057
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarfraz ◽  
Zahid Jamil ◽  
Muhammad Naim Ashraf ◽  
Saima Arshad ◽  
Zirwa Sarfraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Testing ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Bcg Vaccination

Objective: To determine frequency of scar formation and positive tuberculin conversion test following BCG vaccine administered within 0-28 days of life in children in 6 months to 6 years of age presenting at outpatient department of Fauji Foundation Hospital Lahore. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Place and Duration of Study: Outdoor Department of Pediatrics, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Lahore from 1st July 2020 to 30th December 2020. Methodology: Ninety seven children were included. Base line demographic information of patients (age, gender, weight on weight machine) was recorded. 0.5 ml BCG was administered in right arm. Tuberculin skin test was assessed as per operational definition. After 48 to 72 hours, scar formation was assessed after 1 month. Data regarding scar formation and positive tuberculin conversion test was recorded. Results: The mean age was 3.20±1.46 years, 39 (40.21%) were male whereas 58 (59.79%) were females. The scar formation following BCG vaccine administered within 0-28 days of life in children in 6 months to 6 years of age was 59 (60.82%) and positive tuberculin conversion test following BCG vaccine administered within 0-28 days of life in children in 6 months to 6 years was recorded in 47 (48.45%). Conclusion: Most babies have developed a post-vaccination scar. The combination of the BCG scar and the positive skin testing tuberculin was very important. The development of BCG scars had no effect on age or sex. Greater trials are advised in order to detect the true extent of the problem and to evaluate regularly the BCG vaccination programs. Keywords: Infants, Tuberculosis, BCG vaccination, Scar formation, Positive tuberculin conversion test

scholarly journals Neutrophils rapidly migrate via lymphatics after Mycobacterium bovis BCG intradermal vaccination and shuttle live bacilli to the draining lymph nodes

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 1843-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Abadie ◽  
Edgar Badell ◽  
Patrice Douillard ◽  
Danielle Ensergueix ◽  
Pieter J. M. Leenen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lymphoid Organ ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Inflammatory Monocytes ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

Abstract The early innate response after Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is poorly characterized but probably decisive for subsequent protective immunity against tuberculosis. Therefore, we vaccinated mice with fluorescent BCG strains in the ear dorsum, as a surrogate of intradermal vaccination in humans. During the first 3 days, we tracked BCG host cells migrating out of the dermis to the auricular draining lymph nodes (ADLNs). Resident skin dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages did not play a predominant role in early BCG capture and transport to ADLNs. The main BCG host cells rapidly recruited both in the dermis and ADLNs were neutrophils. Fluorescent green or red BCG strains injected into nonoverlapping sites were essentially sheltered by distinct neutrophils in the ADLN capsule, indicating that neutrophils had captured bacilli in peripheral tissue and transported them to the lymphoid organ. Strikingly, we observed BCG-infected neutrophils in the lumen of lymphatic vessels by confocal microscopy on ear dermis. Fluorescence-labeled neutrophils injected into the ears accumulated exclusively into the ipsilateral ADLN capsule after BCG vaccination. Thus, we provide in vivo evidence that neutrophils, like DCs or inflammatory monocytes, migrate via afferent lymphatics to lymphoid tissue and can shuttle live microorganisms. (Blood. 2005;106: 1843-1850)

scholarly journals Tuberculosis and its Control in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
A.S. Gunardi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Tuberculin Sensitivity ◽  
Tuberculosis Prevalence

Based on a tuberculosis prevalence survey with the assistance of WHO in 1962 - 1965 in the areas fogyakarta and Malang where were found a prevalence of tuberculin sensitivity of 40,6% at the age 10-14 years, a prevalence of bac- teriologically confirmed cases of 0.6% and those with pulmonary shadows 3.6%, a workshop in Ciloto was hold (January 1969), with the following results :a. BCG vaccination without prior tuberculin test to children of 0-14 years of age.b. Case finding and treatment to those with sputum ”afb” positive.c. Health education to the people.In Pelita I priority was given to BCG vaccination with a target of 55 million of which a 75% coverage will be expected particularly in Java and Bali.For Pelita II BCG vaccination policy will be changed. To achieve a more realistic target and to have the most susceptible (high risk) ages vaccinated, every child should have a recent BCG vaccination before entering puberty and to vaccinate children early in life, 0-1 year. Only primary vaccination will be done during Pelita II while revaccination will be performed in Pelita III. As performers will be the smallpox vaccinators in a simultaneous vaccination programme with other vaccines.Case finding and treatment, and Health education will be improved in Pelita II because the health infra structure (organization) and community participation was below expectation in Pelita I; it will be integrated into the existig health activities. Treatment will only be given to patients with bacteriologically confirmed sputum, and free of charge.

scholarly journals Vaccination with BCGΔBCG1419c protects against pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB and is safer than BCG

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel de Jesús Aceves-Sánchez ◽  
Mario Alberto Flores-Valdez ◽  
César Pedroza-Roldán ◽  
Elizabeth Creissen ◽  
Linda Izzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Murine Macrophages ◽  
Aerosol Exposure ◽  
Tnf Α

AbstractA single intradermal vaccination with an antibiotic-less version of BCGΔBCG1419c given to guinea pigs conferred a significant improvement in outcome following a low dose aerosol exposure to M. tuberculosis compared to that provided by a single dose of BCG Pasteur. BCGΔBCG1419c was more attenuated than BCG in murine macrophages, athymic, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 mice. In guinea pigs, BCGΔBCG1419c was at least as attenuated as BCG and induced similar dermal reactivity to that of BCG. Vaccination of guinea pigs with BCGΔBCG1419c resulted in increased anti-PPD IgG compared with those receiving BCG. Guinea pigs vaccinated with BCGΔBCG1419c showed a significant reduction of M. tuberculosis replication in lungs and spleens compared with BCG, as well as a significant reduction of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) pathology measured using pathology scores recorded at necropsy. Evaluation of cytokines produced in lungs of infected guinea pigs showed that BCGΔBCG1419c significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-17 compared with BCG-vaccinated animals, with no changes in IL-10. This work demonstrates a significantly improved protection against pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB provided by BCGΔBCG1419c in susceptible guinea pigs together with an increased safety compared with BCG in several models. These results support the continued development of BCGΔBCG1419c as an effective vaccine for TB.

scholarly journals Welfare Benefits of Intradermal Vaccination of Piglets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Déborah Temple ◽  
Marta Jiménez ◽  
Damián Escribano ◽  
Gerard Martín-Valls ◽  
Ivan Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein

Vaccination is reported as a stressful and painful event for animals. This study investigated whether needle-free intradermal vaccination improves the welfare of weaned pigs through the reduction of stress and pain biomarkers and improvement of behavioural parameters compared to traditional intramuscular injection with a needle. A total of 339 weaned piglets were allocated to 3 treatment groups: Intradermal Application of Liquids (IDAL) pigs, vaccinated against Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) by means of intradermal vaccination using a needle-free device Porcilis® PCV ID; Intramuscular (IM) pigs vaccinated against PCV2 with Porcilis® PCV intramuscularly with a needle; CONTROL pigs were managed identically but did not receive any vaccine injection. At the time of the injection, the reaction of IDAL piglets was similar to control piglets, whereas a greater percentage of piglets vaccinated intramuscularly displayed high-pitch vocalizations (7% CONTROL, 7% IDAL, 32% IM) and retreat attempts (3% CONTROL, 7% IDAL, 39% IM). The day after vaccination, IDAL piglets did not differ from the control piglets for any of the behavioural variables studied through scan samplings. IM piglets showed a lower frequency of social negative interactions (p = 0.001) and rope manipulation (p = 0.04) compared to the CONTROL group. Resting postures did not differ between treatments. At 28 h post-vaccination, IDAL piglets presented lower blood C-reactive protein levels (CONTROL = 20 μg/mL; IDAL = 39 μg/mL; IM = 83 μg/mL, p < 0.0001) and blood Haptoglobin (CONTROL = 1.8 mg/mL; IDAL = 1.9 mg/mL vs. IM = 3.1 mg/mL, p < 0.0001) compared to IM piglets. Salivary chromogranin A and alpha-amylase did not differ between treatment groups when measured 25 min post-vaccination. The method of vaccination did not affect the growth of the piglets or their rectal temperature. These results support that needle-free intradermal vaccination reduces vaccination-related pain in growing pigs.

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