Admission to Educational Organizations in Case of Refusal to Vaccinate

The aspects of the refusal to perform preventive vaccination and its outcomes in the frame of admission to educational organizations, as well as aspects of separation of vaccinated children from non-vaccinated ones are considered in this article according to the current legal regulation for this topic and to the litigation practice materials. Recommendations on Russian legislation improvement in the area of interest have been developed. The possibility of children (without performed tuberculin sensitivity test) admission to educational organizations is analyzed. The admissibility of the requirements for medical data provision on the child's health state at his admission to school is being considered. The current change initiatives on the legislation in the field of preventive immunization are discussed.

Improvement of institutions for dispensary observation of children from the risk group in phthisiology

Introduction. Tuberculosis in Russia is one of the primary problems of epidemiology and public health. The purpose: to analyze the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in high-risk groups of children and adolescents in the Tyumen region of Russia. Material and methods. Were analyzed the annual reporting forms No. 33 «Information about patients with tuberculosis» for 2014-2018 in the Tyumen region. Results. According to our research, research materials in the region, WHO recommendations for eliminating tuberculosis by 2035 the need to develop new approaches and practical recommendations for clinical dispensary observation of children with altered tuberculin sensitivity is justified. Discussion. The epidemic situation among children with altered tuberculin sensitivity by 2018 in the districts of the Tyumen region is characterizing by its heterogeneity. In some districts of the region, the number of children with a turn of tuberculin reactions remains high or continues to increase. Such trends can be associated with the incidence of tuberculosis and the presence of patients with open forms of respiratory tuberculosis in these areas. Conclusion. To improve the efficiency of preventing the development of active tuberculosis in Russian children in 2010, a mathematical model of immune response developed in the Tyumen Region based on the study of immunological indices in groups of children with high sensitivity and hyperresponsiveness to the Mantoux tests 2TE samples. The model can be successfully used for diagnostics and assess the characteristics of the course of tuberculosis infection.

Tuberculin sensitivity among inmates of children’s home

Background: Tuberculin sensitivity and its relationship to nutritional status in inmates of children's home.Methods: Tuberculin sensitivity was checked in 180 apparently healthy orphan children and its relationship with nutritional status, previous vaccination status was studied. setting: children's home run by NGOs participants: all inmates of children's home aged 2-15 years who meet inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Out of 180 apparently healthy children 27 (15%) were tuberculin positive. 109 (60.5%) were undernourished children out of which 15 (55.56%) were tuberculin positive. Out of 71 normal nourished children, 12 (44.4%) were tuberculin positive. BCG scar was present in 120 (66.6%) children out of which 19 were tuberculin positive and BCG scar was absent in 60% children out of which 8 were tuberculin positive. 8 children had history of contact with TB and 6 of them were tuberculin positive.Conclusions: Tuberculin sensitivity testing using 5 TU PPD-RT23 is a simple feasible method to screen inmates of children home at the time of entry and it is not influenced by nutritional status or previous BCG vaccination. Early diagnosis and treatment of TB will go a long way in reducing the burden of TB in our country.

Tuberculosis and its Control in Indonesia

Based on a tuberculosis prevalence survey with the assistance of WHO in 1962 - 1965 in the areas fogyakarta and Malang where were found a prevalence of tuberculin sensitivity of 40,6% at the age 10-14 years, a prevalence of bac- teriologically confirmed cases of 0.6% and those with pulmonary shadows 3.6%, a workshop in Ciloto was hold (January 1969), with the following results :a. BCG vaccination without prior tuberculin test to children of 0-14 years of age.b. Case finding and treatment to those with sputum ”afb” positive.c. Health education to the people.In Pelita I priority was given to BCG vaccination with a target of 55 million of which a 75% coverage will be expected particularly in Java and Bali.For Pelita II BCG vaccination policy will be changed. To achieve a more realistic target and to have the most susceptible (high risk) ages vaccinated, every child should have a recent BCG vaccination before entering puberty and to vaccinate children early in life, 0-1 year. Only primary vaccination will be done during Pelita II while revaccination will be performed in Pelita III. As performers will be the smallpox vaccinators in a simultaneous vaccination programme with other vaccines.Case finding and treatment, and Health education will be improved in Pelita II because the health infra structure (organization) and community participation was below expectation in Pelita I; it will be integrated into the existig health activities. Treatment will only be given to patients with bacteriologically confirmed sputum, and free of charge.

Evaluation of indicators of immunity in long and sickly children in primary care

The authors have evaluated the immune status, the level of skin sensitivity to tuberculin in long and sickly children in primary care. It is stated that the main cause of frequent and long illness in children and adolescents are a chronic pathology of the naso - and oropharynx and the allergic diseases (bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis). Pathogenetic basis of frequent and long respiratory infections are the changes in an immunological reactivity, i.e. reduction of phagocytosis, disorders of functional activity of T-lymphocytes, the ratio changes of helpers/suppressors, reduction of the level of cytotoxic lymphocytes. These changes are non-specific and mixed involve all parts of the immune system. Tuberculin sensitivity in the majority of children has postvaccinal character. There is anergy on the second or third years after vaccination. Apparently, the low sensitivity is an index of immune reactivity in fre-quently and long ill children and it has a low immune response to BCG vaccination. The group of long and sick-ly children can be considered to the risk of developing tuberculosis.