Accumulation of chemical elements around the penetration sites of Erysiphe graminis hordei on barley leaf epidermis: (III) micromanipulation and x-ray microanalysis of silicon

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Kunoh ◽  
Hiroshi Ishizaki
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis Hordei ◽  
Barley Leaf

X-ray microanalysis of air-dried conidia and conidiophores of Erysiphe graminis hordei

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
Hltoshi Kunoh ◽  
Hiroshi Ishizaki
Keyword(s):  
Present Method ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis Hordei ◽  
Detection Capabilities

Inorganic elements in air-dried conidia and conidiophores of Erysiphe graminis hordei were analyzed with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer. Prominent peaks of Mg, Si, P, S, K, and Ca were obtained when several points on these fungal structures were analyzed. As peaks of Mg, P, S, and K had not been detected in chemically fixed specimens, these elements were considered to have been leached out during specimen preparation. Area analyses for K and P, and spot analyses for the other elements, led us to conclude that chemical elements were apparently distributed homogeneously in the conidia and conidiophores. This conclusion, however, is persuasive only within the detection capabilities of the present method.

X-ray mapping without STEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
Judith M. Brock ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Made In

A knowledge of the distribution of chemical elements in a specimen is often highly useful. In materials science specimens features such as grain boundaries and precipitates generally force a certain order on mental distribution, so that a single profile away from the boundary or precipitate gives a full description of all relevant data. No such simplicity can be assumed in life science specimens, where elements can occur various combinations and in different concentrations in tissue. In the latter case a two-dimensional elemental-distribution image is required to describe the material adequately. X-ray mapping provides such of the distribution of elements.The big disadvantage of x-ray mapping hitherto has been one requirement: the transmission electron microscope must have the scanning function. In cases where the STEM functionality – to record scanning images using a variety of STEM detectors – is not used, but only x-ray mapping is intended, a significant investment must still be made in the scanning system: electronics that drive the beam, detectors for generating the scanning images, and monitors for displaying and recording the images.

Processing of granite quarry solid waste into industrial high silica materials using leaching process with HCl concentration variation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Yusup Hendronursito ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Slamet Sumardi ◽  
Roniyus Marjunus ◽  
Frista Clarasati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Concentration Variation ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Hcl Concentration ◽  
Granite Powder

This study was aimed to increase granite's silica content using the leaching process with HCl concentration variation. The granite used in this study came from Lematang, South Lampung. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in HCl concentration, particle size, and rotational speed on the crystalline phase and chemical elements formed in the silica product produced from granite. The HCl concentration variations were 6.0 M, 7.2 M, 8.4 M, and 9.6 M, the variation in particle size used was 270 and 400 mesh. Variations in rotational speed during leaching were 500 and 750 rpm. Granite powder was calcined at 1000 ºC for 2 hours. Characterization was performed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP- OES). The results showed that the silica content increased with increasing HCl concentration, the finer the particle size, and the higher the rotational speed. XRF analysis showed that the silica with the highest purity was leached with 9.6 HCl with a particle size of 400 mesh and a rotational speed of of 750 rpm, which was 73.49%. Based on the results above, by leaching using HCl, the Si content can increase from before. The XRD diffractogram showed that the granite powder formed the Quartz phase.

On the X-Ray Absorption Frequencies Characteristic of the Chemical Elements

1919 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Duane ◽  
Takeo Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Absorption Frequencies

Early interactions, adhesion, and establishment of the infection court by Erysiphe graminis

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Nicholson ◽  
Hitoshi Kunoh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Hydrophilic Surface ◽  
Colletotrichum Graminicola ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen ◽  
Suitable Substratum

The establishment of a fungal pathogen on the surface of its host is essential to the success of the infection process. For many fungi, establishment on the host is an active process that may depend on recognition of the host surface through chemical or topographic signals. Events that allow for establishment may be considered to represent the "preparation of the infection court" by the pathogen. This sometimes involves the adhesion of the pathogen to the host and possibly the alteration of the host's surface topography or chemistry. Adhesion is often presumed to be a single, chemically mediated event associated with germ tube or appressorium formation. However, adhesion of ungerminated propagules may also occur, and evidence suggests that it is mediated by the release of adhesive materials directly from the propagule upon contact with a suitable substratum. Fungi may require either a hydrophobic or a hydrophilic surface to initiate the infection process. The barley powdery mildew pathogen, Erysiphe graminis, requires a hydrophilic surface for appressorium formation, yet the barley leaf is extremely hydrophobic. The problem is resolved by the release of an exudate from conidia that makes the hydrophobic leaf surface hydrophilic. In contrast, Colletotrichum graminicola requires a hydrophobic surface for the initiation of its infection process. Ungerminated conidia of this fungus release materials that allow for the rapid adhesion of conidia, which ensures that germination and appressorium formation occur, initiating the infection process. For both fungi, these events happen well in advance of germination and establish the pathogen at the site of the infection court. Key words: adhesion, cuticle, cutinase, surface hydrophobicity, infection process.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROSOLS IN BEIJING-TIANJIN AREA OF CHINA BY PIXE AND INAA AND IDENTIFICATION OF THEIR SOURCES BY CEB

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Yin ◽  
Liu Pingsheng ◽  
Hu Zhaohui ◽  
Zhong Ming ◽  
Yang Shaojin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Soil Dust ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sea Salt Aerosol ◽  
Limestone Dust

Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) techniques were used to measure the contents of 45 elements in 150 air-filter samples collected by cascade impactor with 8 stages at 10 sites in Beijing-Tianjin area of China during the periods of the winter of 1983 and the summer of 1984. It was noticed that the toxic elements such as As, Sb, Se, Pb, Hg, Cu and Ni were mainly enriched in fine particles with diameter less than 2 um. The major seven sources of coal burning, soil dust, oi1 burning, sea-salt aerosol, motor vehicle emission, limestone dust and industrial refuse attributing to the pollution in Tianjin area were identified by Chemical Elements Balance method (CEB). Among them the most important sources were the soil dust and the emission from coal-combustion followed by contributions from limestone and industrial refuse.

scholarly journals What the presence of regulated chemical elements in beached lacustrine plastics can tell us: the case of Swiss lakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Filella ◽  
Juan-Carlos Rodríguez-Murillo ◽  
Andrew Turner
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Lake Geneva ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Standing Stocks ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractPlastics (n = 3880) have been sampled from 39 beaches of ten Swiss lakes of varying sizes, hydrodynamics, and catchments, with a selection (n = 598) analysed for potentially hazardous (and regulated) chemical elements (As, Ba, Br, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se) by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Plastic objects and fragments with identifiable or unidentifiable origins were present on all beaches surveyed, and were often most abundant in proximity to major riverine inputs. Chemical elements were detected in between two (Hg) and 340 (Ba) samples with maximum concentrations exceeding 2% by weight for Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Sb. Inter-element relationships and characteristics of the samples suggest that elements are largely present as various additives, including pigments (e.g., Cd2SSe, PbCrO4), stabilizers (in polyvinyl chloride), and flame retardants (Br). Observations are similar to, and complement, those previously reported in Switzerland’s largest lake (Lake Geneva). Comparison of concentrations of targeted chemical elements in beached plastic with currently used plastics illustrate the interest of these types of measurements in providing an insight into the persistence of plastics in standing stocks and in lakes. This information could help to introduce management schemes that consider whether plastic pollution is new or old and act accordingly.

scholarly journals Metallic Composition Analysis of Crude Petroleum from Some Oil Fields in Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Robert Wilson ◽  
Calvin Kwesi Gafrey ◽  
George Amoako ◽  
Benjamin Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Crude Petroleum ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Nuclear Research Institute ◽  
X Ray

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of chemical elements in crude petroleum using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopic technique has attracted the attention of scientific world because it is fast, cheap, non-destructive and assurance in quality compared to other methods. Metallic element characterisation of crude petroleum is important in the petrochemical industry because it determines rock reservoir properties, the technology needed for extraction and refinery process, hence an exciting field that calls for research. X-ray fluorescence method was used for metallic composition analysis of four rundown crude petroleum samples (SB-2, SB-4, TB-2 and TB-1) from three oil fields (Saltpond, TEN and Jubilee). It was conducted at the National Nuclear Research Institute of Ghana. Analysis of the four samples concluded that oil field maturity decreases orderly from Saltpond, Jubilee and TEN. Vanadium-nickel ratios for each crude petroleum sample was less than 0.5, indicating that both Saltpond and Tano sedimentary rocks are of marine organic origin. Higher concentration levels of rare earth metal elements (scandium and yttrium) in the Saltpond sedimentary basin compared to Tano sedimentary rock suggest seismic effect of McCarthy Hills on Saltpond Basin. The strong negative correlation between the vanadium-nickel ratio (predictor) and scandium concentration (dependent) among the three oil fields implies that scandium concentration can equally be used to characterise the oil fields just as the vanadium-nickel ratios.

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