Ostertagiasis in calves. I. The effect of control measures on infection levels and body weight gains during the grazing season in Denmark

Three experiments were carried out with replacement ewe lambs to determine the influence of feeding rations containing three levels of protein, each at two levels of digestible energy. The three levels of protein were approximately 8, 9.5, and 11 per cent in the first two experiments, and 6, 9, and 12 per cent in the third experiment.Increasing the amount of protein in the ration resulted in an increase (p <.05) in the apparent digestibility of the protein, but no change in the percentage of protein retained or in the digestibility of the dry matter and gross energy. Increasing the digestible energy content of the ration by substituting corn starch for wheat straw or oat hulls reduced (p <.05) the digestibility and retention of protein in Experiments 2 and 3, but had no effect in Experiment 1.Body weight gains and wool growth of lambs fed rations containing wheat straw or oat hulls did not increase to so great an extent as those fed corn starch. This would indicate that energy was a limiting factor for maximum production in the lower digestible energy rations. In general, weight gains and wool production increased (p <.05) when the daily intake of D.C.P. was increased from approximately 0.10 to 0.13 pounds. Increasing the D.C.P. from 0.13 to 0.16 pounds (0.19 in Experiment 3) caused no further increase in body gains but increased (p <.05) wool production.On the basis of these results, the average D.C.P. requirements of a ewe lamb weighing 85 pounds and consuming 1.3 pounds T.D.N. was 0.13 pounds (0.16 pounds when wool production was considered).

Download Full-text

Effects of Feeding Diets Containing Sucrose, Cellobiose or Glucose on the Dry Weights of Cleaned Gastrointestinal Organs in the Rat

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1958.192.2.417 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 192 (2) ◽

pp. 417-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jessie Fischer Moinuddin ◽

Helen Wing-Tsit Lee

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Length Ratio ◽

Feeding Experiment ◽

Weight Gains ◽

The Absolute ◽

Stomach Weight ◽

Feeding Diets

Compared to feeding basal (67%) cornstarch or 25% glucose or 25% sucrose diets, feeding a 15% cellobiose diet to rats for 4–5 weeks resulted in diarrhea, smaller body weight gains, greater small gut weight relative to body weight, greater absolute and relative weights of the cecum and of the colon plus rectum, and several differences in stomach weight. In a separate 4–4 1/2-week feeding experiment, the absolute and relative weights of the stomach in three dietary groups were in the order: 67% glucose > 67% sucrose > 67% cornstarch. Also 67% sucrose exceeded 67% cornstarch in absolute and relative small gut weights and in small gut weight: length ratio.

Download Full-text

Growth response, nutrient digestibility and physical body measurements of Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) fed whole cassava (Manihot esculenta) root meal fortified with selected fermented protein sources

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v16i2.37979 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 254-259

Author(s):

OO Eniolorunda ◽

HA Awojobi ◽

AF Aluko ◽

BS Olufemi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Thryonomys Swinderianus ◽

Fermented Soybean Meal ◽

Fermented Soybean ◽

Cassava Root ◽

Weight Gains

Grasscutter serves as a major tool for improved household income generation, nutrition and bio-diversity in Nigeria. It provides a quick turnover, foreign exchange earner and reduce unemployment rate of the country.In order to assess the feeding values of concentrates used as supplement, studies were conducted in captivity to evaluate the performance of Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) using 20 growing Grasscutters comprising 16 females and 4 males who were balanced for weight and grouped into four treatments. Inclusion of whole cassava meal that was incorporated at 80% of the total bulk acted as the control(T0) while 10% of whole cassava root meal was replaced by fermented soybean meal in (T1), fermented locust bean meal in (T2) and fermented melon seed meal in (T3) respectively were considered as experimental using a complete randomized design. Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was used as the basal diet and water were given ad libitum. There were significant difference in the final body weight gains (P<0.05) between treatments. The mean final body weights were 1175.0 ±302.01, 1266.7±302.01, 1215±302.01 and 1143.0±302.01g for animals on T0, T1, T2 and T3 respectively. The corresponding mean for final body weight gains were found to be 481±209.55, 536.7±209.55, 507±209.55 and 407±209.55g for T0, T1, T2 and T3 respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the trunk length in T1 over T2, T0 and T3 and were recorded at the level of4.78±0.19, 4.56 ±0.18, 4.55 ± 0.18 and 4.12 ± 0.16 respectively. The nutrient digestibility of CP, EE, NFE, ADF and ADL were significantly different (P<0.05). The whole cassava root that was combined with fermented soybean meal supported a highest growth rate than those of other treatments. It was therefore concluded that fermented soybean meal may be used as an ideal diet for sustainable Grasscutter production when whole cassava root is combined with this ingredient.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 254-259, August 2018

Download Full-text

Effects of Exercise Training during Christmas on Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Individuals

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17134732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (13) ◽

pp. 4732

Author(s):

Miguel Ramirez-Jimenez ◽

Felix Morales-Palomo ◽

Juan Fernando Ortega ◽

Alfonso Moreno-Cabañas ◽

Valle Guio de Prada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Pharmacological Therapy ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Before And After ◽

Maximal Fat Oxidation

Individuals with abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have augmented risk of all-cause mortality. Lifestyle interventions are effective to treat MetS, however, there are periods during the year in which exercise programs are discontinued and improper dietary habits reappear (e.g., Christmas holidays). We aimed to analyze if exercise-training during Christmas holidays would avoid body-weight gains and cardiometabolic deterioration in MetS individuals, using a randomized control trial. Thirty-eight men with MetS undergoing exercise training were randomly allocated to either continue (TRAIN group, n = 16) or discontinue (HOLID group, n = 22) training, during the three weeks of Christmas. Anthropometrics (body weight, fat, and waist circumference), fasting blood metabolites (glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations) and exercise maximal fat oxidation (FOMAX) and oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK) were determined before and after Christmas. Both groups were similar at baseline in all parameters (p > 0.05). HOLID group increased body weight (91.3 ± 13.0 to 92.0 ± 13.4 kg, p = 0.004), mean arterial pressure (94.0 ± 10.6 to 97.1 ± 8.9 mmHg, p = 0.026), blood insulin (10.2 ± 3.8 to 12.5 ± 5.4 µIU·mL−1, p = 0.003) and HOMA (3.2 ± 1.3 to 4.1 ± 2.3, p = 0.003). In contrast, TRAIN prevented those disarrangements and reduced total (170.6 ± 30.6 to 161.3 ± 31.3 mg·dL−1, p = 0.026) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (i.e., LDL-C, 104.8 ± 26.1 to 95.6 ± 21.7 mg·dL−1, p = 0.013). TRAIN also prevented the reductions in exercise FOMAX and VO2PEAK that was observed in the HOLID group (p = 0.002). In conclusion, exercise training during Christmas, prevents body weight gains and the associated cardiovascular (increase in blood pressure and LDL-C) and metabolic (reduced insulin sensitivity) health risks are an optimal non-pharmacological therapy for that period of the year.

Download Full-text

To Provide a Double Feeder in Growing Pigs Housed under High Environmental Temperatures Reduces Social Interactions but Does Not Improve Weight Gains

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10122248 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2248

Author(s):

Tâmara Duarte Borges ◽

Mariana Huerta-Jimenez ◽

Nicolau Casal ◽

Joel Gonzalez ◽

Nuria Panella-Riera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Social Interactions ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Lower Body Weight ◽

Body Weights ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Feeding Area ◽

Environmental Temperatures

Heat stress and competition for food are two major challenges in pigs reared in intensive conditions. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of providing a double feeder for pigs reared under two different environmental temperatures. In addition, two types of flooring, of 100% slat and 30% slat 70% concrete, were also considered. A total of 256 pigs in the growing-finishing period (from 27 kg to 110 kg) were housed using two environmental temperatures: control (from 18 °C to 25 °C) and heat stress (above 30 °C six hours a day). They were housed in 32 pens of 8 pigs each, distributed into 4 rooms (16 with one feeder and 16 with two). Pigs subjected to temperatures above 30 °C up to six hours had lower body weight gains than pigs subjected to a maximum temperature of 25 °C, confirming that thermal stress negatively affects performance in pigs. In addition, heat stress affected the final product by decreasing the lean percentage of carcasses by 2.6%. A double feeder reduced the presence of negative social behavior, especially in the feeding area, but body weight was lower than when one single feeder was used. A 30% slat 70% concrete floor showed better results in the pig stress indicators and body weights than 100% slat. It is concluded that providing a double feeder in the pens, although reducing the presence of negative social interactions, negatively affected body weight, in comparison to pigs fed with just one feeder.

Download Full-text

The effects of implanting prepuberal dairy heifers with anabolic steroids on live-weight gain, blood and urine composition and milk yield

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600037990 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 321-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. Little ◽

R. M. Kay ◽

D. J. Harwood ◽

R. J. Heitzman

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Anabolic Steroids ◽

Live Weight ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Trenbolone Acetate ◽

Dairy Heifers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Urine Composition ◽

The Mean

SUMMARYTwenty-seven British Friesian heifer calves were housed as a group but fed individually barley-lucerne pellets according to a scale related to body weight. At 16 weeks and again at 31 weeks of age nine calves were implanted subcutaneously at the base of the ear with 300 mg trenbolone acetate (group T), nine calves were similarly implanted with 140 mg trenbolone acetate and 20 mg oestradiol-17/? (group TE) and the remaining nine calves were sham implanted (group C).As a result of increased feed conversion ratios, body-weight gains were significantly greater in group T (0–80 kg/day) and group TE (0–87 kg/day) than in group C (0–72 kg/ day) during the 15 weeks following the second implant, but there was no significant difference between groups following the first implant.Following both implants in groups T and TE the mean concentrations of urea and albumin in serum decreased, and that of globulin increased. The mean urea: creatinine ratio in the urine of animals in groups T and TE relative to that in group C also decreased.The heifers were served by an Aberdeen Angus bull at the first and, when they occurred, subsequent oestruses. Following calving the mean milk yields in the first lactation in group T (641 kg in 96 days) and group TE (1993 in 212 days) was considerably lower than in group C (3636 kg in 293 days). The udder size in both groups of animals treated with the anabolic steroids was markedly reduced. It is concluded that despite an improvement in feed conversion ratios and body-weight gains, trenbolone acetate should not be administered to prepuberal heifers which will be retained for breeding and milk production.

Download Full-text