THE INFLUENCE OF THE AMOUNT OF PROTEIN AND ENERGY IN THE RATION OF REPLACEMENT EWE LAMBS ON BODY WEIGHT GAINS AND WOOL PRODUCTION

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Whiting ◽  
S. B. Slen ◽  
L. M. Bezeau
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Weight Gains

Three experiments were carried out with replacement ewe lambs to determine the influence of feeding rations containing three levels of protein, each at two levels of digestible energy. The three levels of protein were approximately 8, 9.5, and 11 per cent in the first two experiments, and 6, 9, and 12 per cent in the third experiment.Increasing the amount of protein in the ration resulted in an increase (p <.05) in the apparent digestibility of the protein, but no change in the percentage of protein retained or in the digestibility of the dry matter and gross energy. Increasing the digestible energy content of the ration by substituting corn starch for wheat straw or oat hulls reduced (p <.05) the digestibility and retention of protein in Experiments 2 and 3, but had no effect in Experiment 1.Body weight gains and wool growth of lambs fed rations containing wheat straw or oat hulls did not increase to so great an extent as those fed corn starch. This would indicate that energy was a limiting factor for maximum production in the lower digestible energy rations. In general, weight gains and wool production increased (p <.05) when the daily intake of D.C.P. was increased from approximately 0.10 to 0.13 pounds. Increasing the D.C.P. from 0.13 to 0.16 pounds (0.19 in Experiment 3) caused no further increase in body gains but increased (p <.05) wool production.On the basis of these results, the average D.C.P. requirements of a ewe lamb weighing 85 pounds and consuming 1.3 pounds T.D.N. was 0.13 pounds (0.16 pounds when wool production was considered).

THE INFLUENCE OF PROTEIN AND ENERGY CONTENT OF THE RATION ON LAMB AND WOOL PRODUCTION OF RANGE EWES

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216
Author(s):  
F. Whiting ◽  
S. B. Slen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Basal Ration

Two feeding experiments were carried out with range ewes to determine the influence of the protein and energy content of the ration on lamb and wool production. When the energy content of the ration was increased approximately 10 per cent during early pregnancy [digestible crude protein (D.C.P.) intake was approximately 0.14 pound and digestible energy intake was approximately 3.2 therms daily on the basal ration], body weight gains and wool production of the ewes were increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), but birth weights of the lambs in one experiment and 6-week weights of the lambs in both experiments were not affected significantly. However, when the energy content of the ration was increased during late pregnancy and early lactation (D.C.P. intake between 0.12 and 0.24 pound and digestible energy intake approximately 3.7 therms in Experiment 1, and 2.7 therms in Experiment 2, daily on the basal ration), body weight gains of the ewes were not affected, wool production was depressed (not significant in all cases), birth and 6-week weights of single lambs and birth weights of twin lambs in Experiment 1 were not affected. In Experiment 2, increasing the energy content of the ration reduced (P < 0.05) the birth weights of twin lambs.When the protein content of the rations was increased (from 0.16 to 0.20 to 0.24, and from 0.12 to 0.14 to 0.16 pound D.C.P. intake daily in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively), there was no increase in body weights of the ewes or birth weights of single lambs, but there was an increase (P < 0.05) in the birth weights of twin lambs and an increase (P < 0.01) in wool production of the ewes. Increasing the protein content of the rations increased the 6-week weights of single and twin lambs in Experiments 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). The results of these experiments suggest that the minimum average protein requirement for pregnant and lactating ewes was approximately 0.10 and 0.11 pound D.C.P. per pound of T.D.N. intake for maximum lamb and wool production, respectively.A nitrogen-balance and wool-growth study using non-pregnant, mature ewes showed that increasing the energy intake at low levels of protein intake caused a reduction in the apparent but not the "true" digestibility of the protein, no change in the biological value of the protein, and a reduction in weight of clean wool produced. At a higher level of protein intake, an increase in energy content of the ration resulted in no change in the apparent or true digestibility of protein but in an increase in wool production.

The summer nutrition of weaner sheep: The voluntary feed intake, body weight change, and wool production of sheep grazing the mature herbage of sown pasture in relation to the intake of dietary energy under a supplementary feeding regime

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Allden
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Herbage Intake

The effect on herbage intake of feeding energy-rich supplements to weaner sheep during periods of summer drought was examined in two field studies in a Mediterranean environment. The total intake of digestible energy (DE) and of dry matter (DM) by each sheep was also measured, and the relation of DE intake to body weight, body weight change, and wool production was studied under these supplementary feeding regimes. In both experiments the sheep grazed sown pastures which provided low quality mature herbage (DM digestibility 45-49 %) in plentiful amounts (> 800 kg DM/acre). A new method of estimating herbage digestibility based on direct weighings of the animal before and after a period of restricted grazing, was used in one experiment. The estimate of DM intake by this method was less by 5% than the value derived from a regression equation based on faecal nitrogen concentration. The results of the two studies were in good agreement. For each 100 g supplement (up to levels of 400 g DM/day) the intake of herbage decreased by 65-69 g. The daily digestible energy intake needed to maintain wool-free body weight was 176 kcalDE/kg W0.75 (equivalent to about 144 kcal metabolizable energy/kg W0.75). This value is substantially higher than the results recorded for pen-feeding experiments but is comparable with other results recorded for the grazing sheep. The production of each additional gram of clean wool was associated with an increased intake of 52 g digestible DM (230 kcal DE). However, because herbage intake was reduced when a supplement was fed, it was in fact necessary to provide 86 g DE as a supplement (i.e. 65 % more than is indicated by the previous value) in order to produce an additional gram of clean wool.

The summer nutrition of weaner sheep: The relative roles of available energy and protein when fed as supplements to sheep grazing mature pasture herbage

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Allden
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Available Energy

In a field experiment of factorial design, concentrate supplements of cereal origin were fed to 16 groups each of eight young Merino wethers. These sheep grazed the mature herbage of Phalaris tuberosa L.-subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) sown pastures during summer in the Mediterranean environment of Adelaide, South Australia; and under conditions of common grazing, sheep in the different treatment groups were each day individually fed rations which varied in content of available energy and of digestible nitrogen (protein). The daily allowances of energy were 48, 113, 227, and 340 g total digestible nutrients (T.D.N.), and of digestible nitrogen either 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 g. In addition there was a control group which received no supplement. No interaction was observed between the energy and the nitrogen portion of the supplement, each constituent having its independent effect in terms of both body weight gain and wool growth. Responses to changing energy were linear for both wool production and body weight gain. The effect on wool production of increasing protein was also linear, but the gain in body weight with each increment of protein progressively decreased, which suggested an approach to an asymptotic value. It is concluded that for body weight gain mature herbage may be deficient in both available energy and protein, but once a small need for protein is satisfied energy becomes a limiting factor. In terms of wool production summer pastures are deficient in both protein and energy, the latter constituent making a notable contribution in influencing nitrogen retention.

Effects of ileal transposition on food intake, dietary preference, and weight gain in Zucker obese rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. R269-R273 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Chen ◽  
J. S. Stern ◽  
R. L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Ileal Transposition ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Obese Rats

This study evaluated the effects of ileal transposition (IT) surgery on food intake, body weight, and dietary preferences in Zucker obese rats. Eight rats had a 10-cm segment of terminal ileum transposed to the upper jejunum. Eight rats underwent sham IT (SIT) and six rats had no surgery (CON). During weeks 1-10 and 21-24, rats were fed a selection diet of protein (casein), carbohydrate (corn starch), and fat (lard) in three separate dishes. Rat chow was fed from weeks 11 to 20. IT rats had a lower weight and a lower change in weight from base line throughout most of the study. Energy intake was less in IT vs. SIT rats during the selection periods (weeks 1-10 and 21-24), but did not differ on the chow diet (weeks 11-20). Digestible energy, measured at weeks 10, 20, and 24, was lower in IT rats only at week 10. IT rats had no malabsorption by fecal calorie measurements. IT rats ate fewer fat calories at both selection periods. We conclude that IT causes long-term reduction in body weight, no malabsorption or long-term changes in digestible energy, and a persistent decrease in preference for dietary fat. Further studies are needed to determine whether increased energy expenditure is a mechanism for the long-term difference in body weight after IT.

Genetic evaluation of production traits between and within flocks of Merino sheep. I. Hogget fleece weights, body weight and wool quality

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
SI Mortimer ◽  
KD Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Fleece Weight

Wool production traits were measured on Merino hogget ewes in an unselected multiple-bloodline flock over a 7-year period at Trangie Agricultural Research Centre, N.S.W. The traits measured were greasy fleece weight (GFW), skirted fleece weight (SKFW), yield (Y), clean fleece weight (CFW), fibre diameter (FD), body weight (BWT) and staple length (SL). These measurements were used to examine genetic differences between and within flocks of Merino sheep, and to estimate heritability of and genetic and phenotypic correlations among these traits. Significant strain, flock within strain and flock effects were present for all traits. Interactions between these effects and year were non-significant. Within-flock genetic variance was always larger than between-flock within strain genetic variance for each trait. The influence of environmental effects on these traits was also examined. The environmental effects of birth-rearing type, age at observation and age of dam together accounted for about 7-10% of the total within-flock variation in fleece weights and body weight.After adjusting for significant environmental effects, paternal half-sib heritability estimates were 0.29 �. 0.06 for GFW, 0.22 � 0.05 for SKFW, 0.35 � 0.05 for Y, 0.30 �0.06 for CFW, 0.48 �0.07 for FD, 0.34 �. 0.06 for BWT and 0.44 �0.07 for SL. Estimates for genetic and phenotypic correlations were in agreement with published estimates except for the genetic correlation between CFW and FD (0.40 �. 0.11), and the genetic correlations involving BWT, which were essentially zero. The implications of the results of this study for the genetic improvement of Merino sheep for wool production are discussed.

Ostertagiasis in calves. II. infection parameters and body weight gains following housing

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Jørgensen ◽  
P. Nansen ◽  
SV.AA. Henriksen ◽  
KR. Sejrsen ◽  
J. Brolund Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Infection Parameters

Glycyrrhizic acid: the assessment of a no effect level

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E M van Gelderen ◽  
J A Bijlsma ◽  
W van Dokkum ◽  
T J F Savelkoull
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Mild Hypertension ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Effect Level

Because from earlier experiments in rats and a pilot study in humans a no effect level of glycyrrhizic acid could not be established, a second experiment was performed in healthy volunteers. The experiment was performed in females only, because the effects were most marked in females in the pilot study. Doses of 0, 1, 2 and 4 mg glycyrrhizic acid/kg body weight were administered orally for 8 weeks to 39 healthy female volunteers aged 19-40 years. The experimentlasted 12 weeks including an adaptation and a “wash-out” period.Ano-effectlevel of2 mg/kgis proposed from the results ofthis study, from which an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.2 mg/kg body weight can be extrapolated with a safety factor of 10. This means consumption of 12 mg glycyrrhizic acid/day for a person with a body weight of 60 kg. This would be equal to 6 g licorice a day, assuming that licorice contains 0.2% of glycyrrhizic acid. The proposed ADI is below the limit advised by the Dutch Nutrition Council of 200 mg glycyrrhizic acid/day. This reflects the relatively mild acute toxicity of glycyrrhizic acid, which is also emphasised by the “generally recognised as safe” (GRAS) status of glycyrrhizic acid in the USA in 1983. However, the long-term effects of a mild chronic intoxication (causing, for example, a mild hypertension), although not immediately lethal, justify special attention to the amount of glycyrrhizic acid used daily.

scholarly journals Antiobesity Activity of Elateriospermum tapos Shell Extract in Obesity-Induced Sprague Dawley Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Kokila Vani Perumal ◽  
Nor Liyana Ja’afar ◽  
Che Norma Mat Taib ◽  
Nurul Husna Shafie ◽  
Hasnah Bahari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Effective Result ◽  
Lipid Lowering Effect

Obesity is one of the risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, abnormal liver function, diabetes, and cancers. Orlistat is currently available to treat obesity, but it is associated with adverse side effects. Natural resources are widely used for obesity treatment. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity activity of Elateriospermum tapos (E. tapos) shell extract in obesity induced Sprague Dawley rats. The rats’ obesity was induced by a high-fat (HF) diet made up of 50% standard rat pellet, 20% milk powder, 6% corn starch, and 24% ghee and a cafeteria (CAF) diet such as chicken rolls, salty biscuits, cakes, and cheese snacks. A hot aqueous method for the extraction of E. tapos shells was applied by using 500 mL of distilled water for about 24 h. Various dosages of E. tapos shell extract (10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg) were used. At the end of the study, body weight, caloric intake, organ weight, lipid profile, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and histopathology analysis were carried out. E. tapos shell extract treated groups showed a reduction in body weight, positive lipid-lowering effect, decrements in triglyceride accumulation and LPL activity, and positive improvement in histopathology analysis. A dose of 200 mg/kg showed the most effective result compared to 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg doses.

PSXII-28 Effects of the nutritional plane before and after breeding on performance of different hair sheep breeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 489-490
Author(s):  
Farida Belkasmi ◽  
Raquel V Lourencon ◽  
Ryszard Puchala ◽  
Terry A Gipson ◽  
Luana Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Female hair sheep, 27 Dorper (DOR), 41 Katahdin (KAT), and 39 St. Croix (STC), were used to determine influences of nutritional planes before and after breeding on performance. There were 35 multiparous and 72 primiparous sheep, the latter 2.8±0.20 yr of age. Wheat straw [4% crude protein; dry matter (DM) basis] was consumed ad libitum and supplemented with approximately 0.25% initial body weight (BW) of soybean meal (SBM; Low) or a 1:3 mixture of SBM and rolled corn at 1% BW (High; DM). The supplementation period was 162 d, and with breeding of animals in 2 groups sequentially the pre-breeding period was 84 and 97 d and that after breeding began was 78 and 65 d. Wheat straw DM intake (1.75, 1.30, 1.57, 1.15, 1.80, and 1.38% BW; SEM=0.112), average daily gain (-46, 42, -44, 70, -47, and 51 g; SEM=7.3), and change in body condition score (-0.61, 0.36, -0.53, 0.27, -0.39, and -0.18 for DOR-Low, DOR-High, KAT-Low, KAT-High, STC-Low, and STC-High, respectively; SEM=0.058) were influenced (P &lt; 0.05) by supplement treatment. Birth rate (66.7, 93.5, 84.6, 95.5, 82.8, and 100.0; SEM=9.83) and individual lamb birth weight (4.50, 4.61, 4.28, 3.98, 3.73, and 3.88 kg; SEM=0.201) were not affected by supplement treatment (P = 0.063 and 0.787, respectively), although litter size (0.92, 1.21, 1.17, 1.86, 1.12, and 1.82; SEM=0.221) and total litter birth weight (5.84, 5.74, 5.92, 7.52, 5.04, and 6.78 kg for DOR-Low, DOR-High, KAT-Low, KAT-High, STC-Low, and STC-High, respectively; SEM=0.529) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for High than for Low. In conclusion, although there was some compensation in wheat straw intake for the different levels of supplementation, SBM given alone rather than with cereal grain adversely affected body weight and condition and reproductive performance, the latter primarily through litter size but also via a trend for an effect on birth rate.

Treated sugarcane bagasse for maintenance of sheep in Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
A.L. Abdalla ◽  
D.M.S.S. Vitti ◽  
N.L. del Mastro ◽  
M.S. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Wool Production

Several treatments for increasing digestibility of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) have been studied in Brazil for many years (Abdalla et al., 1990). Despite some improvements in in situ digestibility obtained with steam and pressure treatments, the SCB has not performed well when given to cattle (Mello Junior, et al., 1989). More recently, irradiation and ammonia has been tested in studies to improve the digestibility of SCB, rice and corn straw, rice and soybean hulls and others rough feed. The purpose of the present experiment was aimed to determine the intake, body weight changes, wool production and microbial synthesis in sheep fed with grass hay (Cynodon dactilon) or SCB treated with 600kGy of radiation and ammonia (20g/kg dry matter (DM)).

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