The effect of stage of harvest on the processes of digestion in cattle fed winter oats indoors. I. Digestion of organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and water-soluble carbohydrates

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Elizalde ◽  
F.J. Santini ◽  
A.M. Pasinato
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates

scholarly journals Content of water-soluble carbohydrates as a quality indicator of cryogenic soils

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Bedernichek T. ◽  
Рartyka Т.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Organic Matter ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Cryogenic Soils ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Zonal Soils

The content of water-soluble organic matter in the soil is an important indicator of its quality and affects physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. This indicator is widely used for assessment of most zonal soils. However, in some cases, accumulation rates of water-soluble organic compounds in soil may significantly exceed the rate of their destruction. If so, it is more important to quantify not only the fraction of water-soluble organic matter as a whole but also to determine its composition. In this context, it is important to determine the content of the most labile and available for microorganisms compound – water-soluble carbohydrates. In this paper, the content of water-soluble carbohydrates and water-soluble organic matter in soils of Coastal Antarctica was estimated. Soils under three different plant communities were studied. We found that water-soluble organic matter of studied soils may contain up to 50% of carbohydrates. Hence, further research is needed to study other soils of Coastal Antarctica to determine their vulnerability to global climate change

Australian and Spanish scientists are collaborating in the domestication of tedera: young Merino sheep grazing a monoculture of tedera in autumn showed preference for certain accessions but no signs of ill health

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Oldham ◽  
D. Real ◽  
H. J. Bailey ◽  
D. Thomas ◽  
A. Van Burgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Relative Preference ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

We hypothesised (i) that sheep grazing a monoculture of tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirton var. albomarginata and var. crassiuscula) would not show signs of photosensitisation or ill health, and (ii) that when given free grazing choice they would show a repeatable preference for certain accessions of tedera related to their chemical composition. We tested this by grazing a group of young merino wethers on a monoculture containing seven accessions of tedera for 21 days. General health was assessed via daily visual checks for skin pinkness on the nose and ears, weekly measures of liveweight, condition score, and blood analysis compared with a group of control sheep fed wheaten hay ad libitum. The Chesson–Manly selection index was used to examine the relative preference of sheep for the seven accessions of tedera over the 21 days. Each accession of tedera was sampled weekly to estimate the dry matter on offer, and these samples were also analysed for crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, in vitro digestibility, water soluble carbohydrates, minerals, and concentrations of the furanocoumarins psoralen and angelicin. None of the sheep showed any signs of ill health, with all blood parameters being within the normal reference range. All sheep gained weight and body condition over the 21 days. The difference in the rate of gain in condition score in favour of the sheep grazing tedera over the 21 days (0.014 v. 0.002 unit/sheep.day) was significant (P < 0.001). Sheep showed repeated preference for accessions T31 and T43 (α >0.143). Nutritive value of all accessions of tedera was high. However, only acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre affected the relative preference of the sheep (P < 0.05) and they were only weakly correlated (r2 = 0.208 and 0.165, respectively). We conclude that there are accessions of tedera that are preferred by sheep that could be used to fill the autumn feed gap experienced in the south of Western Australia without any risk to the health of the sheep.

scholarly journals Response of Bromus valdivianus (Pasture Brome) Growth and Physiology to Defoliation Frequency Based on Leaf Stage Development

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Iván P. Ordóñez ◽  
Ignacio F. López ◽  
Peter D. Kemp ◽  
Daniel J. Donaghy ◽  
Yongmei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Defoliation Frequency ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The increase in drought events due to climate change have enhanced the relevance of species with greater tolerance or avoidance traits to water restriction periods, such as Bromus valdivianus Phil. (B. valdivianus). In southern Chile, B. valdivianus and Lolium perenne L. (L. perenne) coexist; however, the pasture defoliation criterion is based on the physiological growth and development of L. perenne. It is hypothesised that B. valdivianus needs a lower defoliation frequency than L. perenne to enhance its regrowth and energy reserves. Defoliation frequencies tested were based on B. valdivianus leaf stage 2 (LS-2), leaf stage 3 (LS-3), leaf stage 4 (LS-4) and leaf stage 5 (LS-5). The leaf stage development of Lolium perenne was monitored and contrasted with that of B. valdivianus. The study was conducted in a glasshouse and used a randomised complete block design. For Bromus valdivianus, the lamina length, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, tiller number per plant, leaf area, leaf weights, root growth rate, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) and starch were evaluated. Bromus valdivianus maintained six live leaves with three leaves growing simultaneously. When an individual tiller started developing its seventh leaf, senescence began for the second leaf (the first relevant leaf for photosynthesis). Plant herbage mass, the root growth rate and tiller growth were maximised at LS-4 onwards. The highest leaf elongation rate, evaluated through the slope of the lamina elongation curve of a fully expanded leaf, was verified at LS-4. The water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) increased at LS-5; however, no statistical differences were found in LS-4. The LS-3 and LS-2 treatments showed a detrimental effect on WSCs and regrowth. The leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance diminished while the leaf age increased. In conclusion, B. valdivianus is a ‘six-leaf’ species with leaf senescence beginning at LS-4.25. Defoliation at LS-4 and LS-5 was optimum for plant regrowth, maximising the aboveground plant parameters and total WSC accumulation. The LS-4 for B. valdivianus was equivalent to LS-3.5 for L. perenne. No differences related to tiller population in B. valdivianus were found in the different defoliation frequencies.

scholarly journals Changes in root porosity and water soluble carbohydrates in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under submergence stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-544
Author(s):  
Md Juiceball Hassan ◽  
Md Masudul Karim ◽  
Md Amirul Islam ◽  
Md Habibur Rahman Pramanik ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Stress Condition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Root Porosity ◽  
Submergence Stress ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Submergence stress at early vegetative stage is one of the most important constraints in the productivity of rice in Bangladesh. Submergence causes yield loss of rice at Aman season in Bangladesh and therefore, it is necessary to develop submergence tolerant rice cultivars. A pot experiment was conducted at the net house of Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, during Aman season from July to December, 2017 to evaluate the changes in root porosity and water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) associated with submergence tolerance in rice. The experiment consisted of two factors—(i) Rice cultivars (Binadhan-11, Binadhan-12, BRRI dhan51 and BRRI dhan52 as tolerant and BRRI dhan49 as susceptible) and(ii) Submergence stress: Submergence for 14 days at vegetative stage and control. Submergence stress was imposed by dipping of pots into a water tank with about 90 cm depth of water while the control plants are maintained in the pot house of the field laboratory. The plants were sampled at seven days interval during submergence to determine the changes in root porosity and to examine the contribution of shoot reserves for their survival. The root porosity was measured by pycnometer method and water soluble carbohydrate was measured by the anthrone method. Tolerant cultivars showed greater root porosity development in both control and stress condition but the susceptible cultivar showed significantly lower root development in stress condition. Higher root porosity might help tolerant cultivars to survive in submergence stress more efficiently. Tolerant rice cultivars had high initial soluble carbohydrate than the susceptible one. Under submergedcondition, the tolerant cultivars showed slow depletion of water soluble carbohydrate compared to susceptible cultivar. Higher carbohydrate contents in tolerant cultivars might act as buffer stock during submergence for their better survival and growth. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 539–544, 2019

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