Relationships between nursing patterns, supplementary food intake and breast-milk intake in a rural thai population

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Drewett ◽  
M.W. Woolridge ◽  
D.A. Jackson ◽  
S.M. Imong ◽  
Ampica Mangklabruks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Supplementary Food

scholarly journals Circadian variation in fat concentration of breast-milk in a rural northern Thai population

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Jackson ◽  
Stella M. Imong ◽  
A. Silprasert ◽  
S. Ruckphaopunt ◽  
M. W. Woolridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Sleep Period ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk

1. Twenty-five northern Thai mothers, breast-feeding their infants on demand, were studied in their homes for 24 h. All breast-feeds were test-weighed and pre- and post-feed expressed breast-milk samples (0·5 ml) taken at each feed.2. The fat concentration of milk taken during a feed showed significant circadian variation, with maximum values between 16.00 and 20.00 hours and minimum values between 04.00 and 08.00 hours. Fat concentration at the start and at the end of a feed also varied significantly over 24 h.3. Multiple regression analysis showed that the most important predictor of fat concentration at a feed was the length of time elapsed since the previous feed – the longer this interval, the lower the subsequent fat concentration. Other significant predictors were the fat concentration at the end of the previous feed, and the milk intake at the previous and at the current feed.4. Fat concentration declined between feeds in proportion to the length of time between feeds, but the decline was less between sleep feeds than between waking feeds. This would appear to be a reflection of the lower post-feed fat concentration and higher pre-feed fat concentration of sleep feeds compared with waking feeds, when other variables relating to feeding pattern are taken into account.5. The larger the milk intake at a feed, the greater was the increase in fat concentration from the start to the end of the feed. The change in fat concentration was less in feeds taking place during the sleep period than in daytime feeds.

scholarly journals 2-Deoxy-d-glucose, but not mercaptoacetate, increases food intake in decerebrate rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (2) ◽  
pp. R382-R386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Darling ◽  
Sue Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Vagal Afferent

We examined food intake in chronically maintained decerebrate rats in response to two antimetabolic drugs known to stimulate food intake, 2-mercaptoacetate (MA) and 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG). MA reduces fatty acid oxidation, and 2DG reduces glucose utilization. Because previous work has shown that insulin-induced hypoglycemia increases food intake in decerebrate rats, we predicted that 2DG would have this same effect. MA-induced feeding requires vagal sensory neurons that terminate in the hindbrain. Cholecystokinin-induced suppression of feeding, which likewise requires vagal sensory neurons, has been shown to suppress food intake in decerebrate rats. Therefore, we predicted that MA's effects on feeding would also persist in decerebrate rats. In our experiments, the test diet (40% milk, diluted with water) was infused intraorally through a chronic cheek fistula. We found that sham controls consumed 258% and 230% of their baseline milk intake in response to 2DG and MA, respectively. Decerebrates consumed 239% of their baseline milk intake in response to 2DG, but did not increase their intake in response to MA. Because decerebration separates the hindbrain from the forebrain, these results indicate that 2DG-induced glucoprivation is capable of acting within the hindbrain to activate fundamental reflex circuitry for consummatory feeding responses, as shown previously for hypoglycemia. In contrast, MA affects food consumption only after forebrain processing of MA-induced vagal afferent signals and in the presence of intact ascending and descending neural pathways.

scholarly journals Comparing saliva and urine samples for measuring breast milk intake with the 2H oxide dose-to-mother technique among children 2–4 months old

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-240
Author(s):  
Eric Matsiko ◽  
Paul J. M. Hulshof ◽  
Laura van der Velde ◽  
Marlou-Floor Kenkhuis ◽  
Lisine Tuyisenge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Milk Output

AbstractSaliva and urine are the two main body fluids sampled when breast milk intake is measured with the 2H oxide dose-to-mother technique. However, these two body fluids may generate different estimates of breast milk intake due to differences in isotope enrichment. Therefore, we aimed to assess how the estimated amount of breast milk intake differs when based on saliva and urine samples and to explore whether the total energy expenditure of the mothers is related to breast milk output. We used a convenience sample of thirteen pairs of mothers and babies aged 2–4 months, who were exclusively breastfed and apparently healthy. To assess breast milk intake, we administered doubly labelled water to the mothers and collected saliva samples from them, while simultaneously collecting both saliva and urine from their babies over a 14-d period. Isotope ratio MS was used to analyse the samples for 2H and 18O enrichments. Mean breast milk intake based on saliva samples was significantly higher than that based on urine samples (854·5 v. 812·8 g/d, P = 0·029). This can be attributed to slightly higher isotope enrichments in saliva and to a poorer model fit for urine samples as indicated by a higher square root of the mean square error (14·6 v. 10·4 mg/kg, P = 0·001). Maternal energy expenditure was not correlated with breast milk output. Our study suggests that saliva sampling generates slightly higher estimates of breast milk intake and is more precise as compared with urine and that maternal energy expenditure does not influence breast milk output.

scholarly journals Intake of supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation and its association with child nutrition in Timor Leste

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Ruoxi Wang ◽  
Shangfeng Tang ◽  
Bishwajit Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Abstract There is little evidence on maternal consumption of supplementary food on nutritional status of children. The objectives of this study were to measure the prevalence and determinants of supplementary food intake during pregnancy and lactation, and their association with nutritional status of under-five children in Timor Leste. Methods Cross-sectional data from Timor Leste Demographic and Health Survey on 5,993 mother (15–49 years) child dyads (<5 years) were included in the analysis. Self-reported intake of supplementary food intake was the explanatory variable. Child’s nutritional status was assessed by stunting, wasting, and underweight and categorized according to WHO recommendations. Results The prevalence of taking supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation was, respectively, 29.1% (95% CI [27.2–31.0]) 31.0% (95% CI [29.1–33.0]), and that of taking iron supplement during pregnancy was close to three-fifths (63.1%, 95% CI [60.9–65.3]). The odds of taking supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation were lower among those in the younger age groups and higher among urban residents. Compared with mothers who had supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation, those did not have had respectively 1.36 (OR = 1.360, 95% CI [1.191–2.072]) and 1.15 times (OR = 1.152, 95% CI [1.019–1.754]) higher odds of having stunted, and 1.30 (OR = 1.307, 95% CI [1.108–1.853]) and 1.43 (OR = 1.426, 95% CI [1.140–1.863]) times higher odds of having underweight children. Those who had none of the supplements had respectively 1.67 (OR = 1.674, 95% CI [1.118–2.087]) and 1.63 (OR = 1.631, 95% CI [1.130–2.144]) times higher odds of having stunted and underweight children. Conclusion A great majority of the mothers in Timor Leste are not taking supplementary food during pregnancy and lactation. We found a positive relationship between supplementary food intake during pregnancy and lactation with stunting and wasting among under-five children.

Lactation Consultation Sustains Breast Milk Intake in Infants With Cystic Fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-362
Author(s):  
Tami Miller ◽  
Nicholas J. Antos ◽  
Lisa A. Brock ◽  
Thomas Wade ◽  
Praveen S. Goday
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Intake

scholarly journals Morbidity, Growth and Food Intake among the Underfives in Madura, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 283-97
Author(s):  
Sri Kardjati ◽  
Jane A. Kusin ◽  
Wilm Van Steenbergen ◽  
W. N. Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Growth Faltering ◽  
Common Illnesses ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition ◽  
Height For Age

The relation between common illnesses, growth and breast milk and food intake was assessed in a-longitudinal population based study, covering 300 children, age 0-36 months. Morbidity was quite prevalent with a peak at age 4-24 months. It did, however, not affect the intake of breast milk and the consumption of additional foods in infancy. On the other hand, the daily intake of energy and protein was significantly reduced in older and particularly non-breastfed children. Morbidity explained about 28% of the variance in weight- and height-for-age in children, age 6-18 months. One can conclude that growth faltering early in infancy is primarily of nutritional origin, while at older age it is due to a synergistic effect of inadequate nutrition and morbidity. Anorexia rather than bad feeding habits is the main cause of poor dietary intake during and after illness.

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