Persistence of increased bone resorption and possible role of dehydroepiandrosterone as a bone metabolism determinant in osteoporotic women in late post-menopause

Maturitas ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Taelman ◽  
J.M. Kaufman ◽  
X. Janssens ◽  
A. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Post Menopause

scholarly journals Role of Biomolecules in Osteoclasts and Their Therapeutic Potential for Osteoporosis

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Suryaji Patil ◽  
Fang Xu ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Airong Qian
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Function

Osteoclasts (OCs) are important cells that are involved in the regulation of bone metabolism and are mainly responsible for coordinating bone resorption with bone formation to regulate bone remodeling. The imbalance between bone resorption and formation significantly affects bone metabolism. When the activity of osteoclasts exceeds the osteoblasts, it results in a condition called osteoporosis, which is characterized by reduced bone microarchitecture, decreased bone mass, and increased occurrences of fracture. Molecules, including transcription factors, proteins, hormones, nucleic acids, such as non-coding RNAs, play an important role in osteoclast proliferation, differentiation, and function. In this review, we have highlighted the role of these molecules in osteoclasts regulation and osteoporosis. The developed therapeutics targeting these molecules for the treatment of osteoporosis in recent years have also been discussed with challenges faced in clinical application.

Plasma parathyroid hormone-related peptide and bone metabolism in periparturient dairy cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalija Filipović ◽  
Zvonko Stojević ◽  
Maja Zdelar-Tuk ◽  
Vesna Kušec
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone Related Peptide

The first weeks of lactation in dairy cows are characterised by elevated bone resorption. The connection between lactation and bone metabolism is still much discussed. In this work, changes in the concentration of plasma parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and markers of bone metabolism were studied in Holstein cows and heifers in the dry period and early lactation to determine the role of PTHrP in the relationship between the rate of bone remodelling and the onset of lactation in dairy cows. Blood samples were taken 14 days before calving (‘D-14’, n = 23) and then on day 10 (‘D+10’, n = 21) and day 30 after calving (‘D+30’, n = 23). Using enzyme immunoassay (EIA), the concentrations of PTHrP, parathyroid hormone (PTH), carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and oestradiol and the activity of bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSALP) were determined. The results showed a statistically significant increase in plasma PTHrP (p < 0.005) and CTX (p < 0.0001) in cows on ‘D+10’ as compared to ‘D-14’ and CTX on ‘D+30’ as compared to ‘D-14’ (p < 0.0001). Significant negative correlations were found between the concentrations of PTHrP and oestradiol (r = −0.29, p < 0.05) and those of CTX and oestradiol (r = −0.54, p < 0.0001). In nonpregnant heifers (n = 6), the concentration of CTX and the activity of BSALP were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than in dry cows. The observed increments of PTHrP and bone resorption after parturition reveal adaptations of bone metabolism to lactation in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Increased bone mass in adult prostacyclin-deficient mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalida Nakalekha ◽  
Chieko Yokoyama ◽  
Hiroyuki Miura ◽  
Neil Alles ◽  
Kazuhiro Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Dependent Manner

Prostaglandins (PGs) are key regulatory factors that affect bone metabolism. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) regulates bone resorption and bone formation. Prostacyclin (PGI2) is one of the major products derived from arachidonic acid by the action of cyclooxygenase and PGI2 synthase (PGIS). Unlike PGE2, there are few reports about the role of PGI2 in bone regulation. Therefore, we investigated the potential effect of PGI2 on bone metabolism. We used PGIS knockout (PGIS−/−), PGIS heterozygous (PGIS+/−), and wild-type mice to investigate the role of PGI2. Notably, PGIS−/− mice gradually displayed an increase in trabecular bone mass in adolescence. Adult PGIS−/− mice showed an increase in trabecular bone volume/tissue volume. Histomorphometric analysis showed that PGIS−/− mice displayed increases in both bone formation and bone resorption parameters. Levels of serum osteocalcin and C-telopeptides were increased in adult PGIS−/− mice. Furthermore, the increased bone mass patterns were rescued in PGIS−/tg mice. In conclusion, adult PGIS−/− mice displayed an overall increase in the levels of both bone formation and bone resorption parameters, which suggests that PGI2 deficiency accelerates high bone turnover activity with a greater increase in bone mass in aging. These results indicated that PGI2 may contribute to the maintenance of normal bone mass and micro-architecture in mice in age-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that PGI2 is involved in bone metabolism in vivo.

ANDROST-5-ENE-3β,17β-DIOL IN OVARY OF POST-MENOPAUSAL HYPEROESTROGENIC WOMEN

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pesonen ◽  
M. Ikonen ◽  
B-J. Procopé ◽  
A. Saure
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Post Menopause ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT The ovaries of ten patients, at least one year after the post-menopause, were incubated with two Δ5-C19-steroids and also studied histochemically. All these patients had post-menopausal uterine bleeding and increased oestrogen excretion of the urine. The urinary estimations of gonadotrophins, 17-KS, 17-OHCS and pregnanediol were carried out on all patients. Vaginal smears were read according to Papanicolaou, and the endometrium and ovaries were studied histologically. The incubation experiments indicate the presence of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase. When androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol was used as precursor the formation of testosterone occurred without any concomitant production of DHA and/or androstenedione. This seems to indicate the possible role of the Δ5-pathway in the formation of testosterone by post-menopausal ovarian tissue. The histochemical reactions indicated a reducing activity on NADH, lactate and glucose-6-phosphate, in certain corpora albicantia, atretic follicles and in diffuse thecoma regions in the cortical layer of the ovary. Steroid-3β-ol-dehydrogenase and β-hydroxybutyrate-dehydrogenase were found only at the edges of certain corpora albicantia, in some individual stroma cell groups and in some atretic follicles. Our studies, both biochemical and histochemical, suggest that the observed increase in the urinary oestrogens of the patients studied might in part at least, be of ovarian origin. This opinion is also supported by the postoperative oestrogen values.

Altered bone metabolism after high fat diet and exercise: role of Wnt signaling and insulin resistance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Kristin Picke ◽  
Lykke Sylow ◽  
Lisbeth L V Moller ◽  
Rasmus Kjobsted ◽  
Erik Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet And Exercise

Changes in bone metabolism associated with exposure to industrial vibration

2020 ◽  
pp. 766-766
Author(s):  
A. V. Sukhova ◽  
E. N. Kryuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Markers Of Bone Formation

The influence of general and local vibration on bone remodeling processes is investigated. The interrelations between the long - term exposure of industrial vibration and indicators of bone mineral density (T-and Z-criteria), biochemical markers of bone formation (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase) and bone resorption (ionized calcium, calcium/creatinine) were established.

The changes in bone turnover markers of female systemic lupus erythematousus patients without glucocorticoid

Lupus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-971
Author(s):  
Wang Tianle ◽  
Zhang Yingying ◽  
Hong Baojian ◽  
Gu Juanfang ◽  
Wang Hongzhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Turnover Markers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Resorption Marker ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Turnover Markers

Objectives SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease, which can affect the level of bone metabolism and increase the risk of osteoporosis and fracture. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of SLE on bone turnover markers without the influence of glucocorticoids. Methods A total of 865 female subjects were recruited from Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital and the First Hospital of Jiaxing, including 391 SLE patients without the influence of glucocorticoids and 474 non-SLE people. We detected Bone turnover markers including amino-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP), C-terminal turnover of β - I collagen (β-CTX), N-terminal midfragment of osteocalcin (NMID) and 25(OH)D, and analyzed the difference in Bone turnover markers between the SLE group and the control group, as well as the influence of age and season on bone metabolism in female SLE patients. Results In the SLE group, the average age was 43.93±13.95 years old. In the control group, the average age was 44.84±11.42 years old. There was no difference between the two groups (t = 1.03, P = 0.30). P1NP, NMID and 25(OH)D in the SLE group were significantly lower than those in the control group (Z = 8.44, p < 0.001; Z = 14.41, p < 0.001; Z = 2.19, p = 0.029), and β-CTX in the SLE group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Z = 2.61, p = 0.009). In addition, the levers of β-CTX, NMID, P1NP and 25(OH)D in older SLE female patients were statistically significantly higher than those in younger (ρ = 0.104, p = 0.041; ρ = 0.223, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.105, p = 0.038; ρ = 0.289, p < 0.001). Moreover, β-CTX reached a high value in summer and PINP reached a low value in winter. Conclusion The bone formation markers of female SLE patients without glucocorticoid were lower than those of normal people and the bone resorption marker was higher than that of normal people. The 25 (OH) D of female SLE patients without glucocorticoid was lower than that of normal people. The risk of osteoporosis and fracture may be higher in elderly women with SLE. The bone resorption level of female SLE patients is high in summer and the bone formation level is low in winter.

scholarly journals SLPI is a critical mediator that controls PTH-induced bone formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akito Morimoto ◽  
Junichi Kikuta ◽  
Keizo Nishikawa ◽  
Takao Sudo ◽  
Maki Uenaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Serine Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Bone Imaging ◽  
Genetic Ablation

AbstractOsteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation/replenishment are closely coupled in bone metabolism. Anabolic parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is commonly used for treating osteoporosis, shifts the balance from osteoclastic to osteoblastic, although it is unclear how these cells are coordinately regulated by PTH. Here, we identify a serine protease inhibitor, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), as a critical mediator that is involved in the PTH-mediated shift to the osteoblastic phase. Slpi is highly upregulated in osteoblasts by PTH, while genetic ablation of Slpi severely impairs PTH-induced bone formation. Slpi induction in osteoblasts enhances its differentiation, and increases osteoblast–osteoclast contact, thereby suppressing osteoclastic function. Intravital bone imaging reveals that the PTH-mediated association between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is disrupted in the absence of SLPI. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SLPI regulates the communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts to promote PTH-induced bone anabolism.

scholarly journals The Novel Role of PGC1α in Bone Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4670
Author(s):  
Cinzia Buccoliero ◽  
Manuela Dicarlo ◽  
Patrizia Pignataro ◽  
Francesco Gaccione ◽  
Silvia Colucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Sirtuin 3 ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Increased Risk

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) is a protein that promotes transcription of numerous genes, particularly those responsible for the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Evidence for a key role of PGC1α in bone metabolism is very recent. In vivo studies showed that PGC1α deletion negatively affects cortical thickness, trabecular organization and resistance to flexion, resulting in increased risk of fracture. Furthermore, in a mouse model of bone disease, PGC1α activation stimulates osteoblastic gene expression and inhibits atrogene transcription. PGC1α overexpression positively affects the activity of Sirtuin 3, a mitochondrial nicotinammide adenina dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase, on osteoblastic differentiation. In vitro, PGC1α overexpression prevents the reduction of mitochondrial density, membrane potential and alkaline phosphatase activity caused by Sirtuin 3 knockdown in osteoblasts. Moreover, PGC1α influences the commitment of skeletal stem cells towards an osteogenic lineage, while negatively affects marrow adipose tissue accumulation. In this review, we will focus on recent findings about PGC1α action on bone metabolism, in vivo and in vitro, and in pathologies that cause bone loss, such as osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes.

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