Liquid nitrogen injection system for food packaging

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 162
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Nitrogen Injection

scholarly journals The effect of liquid nitrogen cooling on coal cracking and mechanical properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1609-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengzheng Cai ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Yugui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Count Rate ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Nitrogen Injection ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Cooling

Liquid nitrogen is a type of super-cryogenic fluid, which can cause the reservoir temperature to decrease significantly and thereby induce formation rock damage and cracking when it is injected into the wellbore as fracturing fluid. An experimental set-up was designed to monitor the acoustic emission signals of coal during its contact with cryogenic liquid nitrogen. Ultrasonic and tensile strength tests were then performed to investigate the effect of liquid nitrogen cooling on coal cracking and the changes in mechanical properties thereof. The results showed that acoustic emission phenomena occurred immediately as the coal sample came into contact with liquid nitrogen. This indicated that evident damage and cracking were induced by liquid nitrogen cooling. During liquid nitrogen injection, the ring-down count rate was high, and the cumulative ring-down counts also increased rapidly. Both the ring-down count rate and the cumulative ring-down counts during liquid nitrogen injection were much greater than those in the post-injection period. Liquid nitrogen cooling caused the micro-fissures inside the coal to expand, leading to a decrease in wave velocity and the deterioration in mechanical strength. The wave velocity, which was measured as soon as the sample was removed from the liquid nitrogen (i.e. the wave velocity was recorded in the cooling state), decreased by 14.46% on average. As the cryogenic samples recovered to room temperature, this value increased to 18.69%. In tensile strength tests, the tensile strengths of samples in cooling and cool-treated states were (on average) 17.39 and 31.43% less than those in initial state. These indicated that both during the cooling and heating processes, damage and cracking were generated within these coal samples, resulting in the acoustic emission phenomenon as well as the decrease in wave velocity and tensile strength.

Numerical simulation of liquid nitrogen injection in a container with controlled atmosphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Jiaming Guo ◽  
Xinyu Wei ◽  
Xiannan Du ◽  
Junjie Ren ◽  
Enli Lü
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Nitrogen Injection

Visualization of physical processes occurring on liquid nitrogen injection into water

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Nakoryakov ◽  
I. V. Mezentsev ◽  
A. V. Meleshkin ◽  
D. S. Elistratov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Nitrogen Injection

Laboratory Evaluation Experiment for Adaptability Analysis of Nitrogen Injection in Yanchang Oil Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxi Gao ◽  
Yuedong Yao ◽  
He Bao ◽  
Jinjiang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Formation Energy ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Energy Supplement ◽  
Nitrogen Injection ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract: Yanchang Oilfield conducts systematic research on nitrogen injection to enhance oil recovery. Through the research of this project, the energy supplement method of horizontal wells suitable for the study area is determined, and its injection system and process parameters are optimized and determined. The optimal energy replenishment method selected by the mine field test achieves the following economic and technical indicators: Provide a nitrogen suitability evaluation plan; Complete the nitrogen flooding matching process design of the target well; Complete the design of the injection-production plan for the target well; Compare with other energy supplement methods. Through the analysis of two supplementary energy methods of water injection and gas injection in indoor and similar reservoirs, the following understandings have been obtained: (1) Nitrogen is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in oil, good swelling, large elastic energy, is an inert gas, exists widely in the atmosphere, inexhaustible, inexhaustible, has a wide range of sources. (2) the recovery rate of nitrogen flooding is significantly higher than that of water flooding. (3) The field test results of water injection and nitrogen test in similar reservoirs show that the supplementary formation energy of nitrogen injection is suitable for the later development of Chang 64 and Chang 71 in the Haobasi oil field. (4) Compared with deep ultra-low permeability reservoirs, it is more economical to use nitrogen to supplement formation energy and change oil. The rate is higher. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the supplementary energy of Chang 64 and Chang 71 reservoirs in the Haobasi oil area should be nitrogen injection as the main supplement, and water injection as a supplement. Gas/water alternate injection is used to adjust the gas injection profile to slow down the escape of injected nitrogen. . Although water injection supplements the formation energy with greater uncertainty, it can be used as a technical means of fluidity control in the gas injection process and is relatively economical.

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