Study of the Brazilian population normal gait pattern a preliminary work

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Suzana G. Da Costa ◽  
Sheila M. Denucci
Keyword(s):  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Preliminary Work

COMMON ORTHOPEDIC PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 786-791
Author(s):  
C. B. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Spring Ligament ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Foot Problems ◽  
Bearing Stress ◽  
Shoe Soles ◽  
Shape And Size

Foot Problems NORMALLY the foot functions differently in stance than it does in motion. During stance, static stresses are most important. The foot may be divided at the midtarsal joints into the hindfoot which receives 60 per cent of the weight-bearing stress and the forefoot which receives 40 per cent of the stress. The spring ligament normally transmits the stresses from hindfoot to forefoot. All degrees of foot shape and size may be natural for a particular individual. Similarly, the gait pattern of a child varies considerably within the normal range. The child should be allowed to establish his own normal gait pattern. During the toddling stages the child's shoe soles should be flexible enough to bend at the toe. One should avoid the use of rigid shoes. Some of the conditions which may alter normal stance or gait follow. Simple Foot Strain Long arch strain is due to abnormal stress on the longitudinal ligament. Inflammatory repair of the ligament produces pain which can be demonstrated by finding an area tender to palpation. Some patients have a depressed longitudinal arch or long spring ligament without foot symptoms. A diagnosis of long arch strain cannot be made unless tenderness is present. A tight heel cord may produce foot strain. The foot accommodates to a tight heel cord by pronation of the forefoot. To correct a tight heel cord, the child should stand away from the wall (while facing it) with the heels flat, then lean forward count to 3. Repeat 5 times twice daily. Pronation

Analysis of Physiological Gait Pattern in Children Without the Influence of Footwear

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pomarino ◽  
Juliana Ramírez Llamas ◽  
Andrea Pomarino
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Levels Of Evidence ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Spss Software

In the literature, there have been several studies that have analyzed and explained the characteristics of physiological gait in association with pathologies; however, finding information about normal gait pattern while barefoot is difficult. This study focuses on the differences in the barefoot gait between children and adolescents. A total of 320 healthy children and adolescent were recruited and divided into groups according to age: G1 (1-6 years), G2 (7-10 years), G3 (>11 years). Data were collected using a dynamometric platform and analyzed using SPSS software. This study’s findings indicate that there are differences in the swing, stance, load, and single support phases of gait. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present the values of standardized data on barefoot gait pattern in children aged from 2 to 10 years. Levels of Evidence: Diagnostic, Level IV: Case series

A Low Power Wireless Data Acquisition Device to Monitor Gait Patterns for Children With Toe Walking During Daily Activities

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond H. M. Lou ◽  
Emma K. Brunton ◽  
Fraaz Kamal ◽  
Andreas Renggli ◽  
Kyle Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Walking Pattern ◽  
Wireless Data Acquisition ◽  
Idiopathic Toe Walking ◽  
Clinical Gait Analysis ◽  
Toe Walking

Clinical gait analysis is the accepted “gold standard” for evaluating an individual’s walking pattern. However, in certain conditions such as idiopathic toe walking (ITW), the degree of voluntary control that a subject may elicit upon their walking pattern in a gait laboratory may not truly reflect their gait during daily activities. Therefore, a battery-powered, wireless data acquisition system was developed to record daily walking patterns to assist in the assessment of treatment outcomes in this patient population. The device was developed to be small (30×50×12 mm3), light-weight (15 g), easy to install, reliable, and consumed little power. It could be mounted across the laces of the shoe, while forces and walking activities were recorded to investigate the percentage of toe walking during the assessment. Laboratory tests were performed and preliminary clinical trials at a gait laboratory were done on six normal gait walkers. These volunteers also try to walk on their toes to simulate the toe walking at the gait laboratory. The system was able to track the gait pattern and determine the percentage of toe walking relative to normal gait. Three boys and one girl were diagnosed with ITW then participated into this study. A total of 4 sets thirty-three 10 min data sessions (5.5 h) were collected outside the laboratory. The results showed that the test subjects walked on their toes 70±4% of the total walking time, which was higher than that they performed 64±5% at the gait laboratory. This preliminary study shows promising results that the system should be able to use for clinical assessment and evaluation of children with ITW.

Design and Evaluation of a Knee Actuator for a Dynamic Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Tian ◽  
Mohammad Elahinia ◽  
Mohamed Samir Hefzy
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
Normal Knee ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
In Series

Dynamic KAFOs are developed to recover the normal walking ability during both stance and swing phases. Three types of dynamic KAFOs have been reported in the literature. Various actuation mechanisms including spring, pneumatic and hydraulic systems have been used. These devices can improve walking disability and compensate lower leg muscle deficiency. However, they are bulky, in some cases need complex control systems and do not recreate the normal gait pattern. These shortcomings have limited the application of dynamic KAFOs in daily life. The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel knee actuator for a dynamic KAFO that is actuated easily by employing shape memory materials. Such an actuation system makes the KAFO lightweight and has a greater potential to restore the normal gait. Torsional superelastic alloys are used in this actuator in order to match the stiffness of the knee joint of the KAFO with that of a normal knee joint during the walking gait cycle. There are two distinct parts in the knee actuator, acting independently to mimic the two phases of the gait cycle. One engages only in the stance phase and the other works in the swing phase. Each part is developed by combining a superelastic rod and a stiff rotary spring, in series. According to numerical simulation, such combination reproduces the varying knee stiffness during the whole walking gait. Also mechanical experiments have been conducted to further verify the conceptual design. The simulation and experimental results show that the actuator is able to reproduce the stiffness of the normal knee joint during the gait cycle.

Effects of Medial Thrust Gait on Lower Extremity Kinetics in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Bokaeian ◽  
Fateme Esfandiarpour ◽  
Shahla Zahednejad ◽  
Hossein Kouhzad Mohammadi ◽  
Farzam Farahmand
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Medial thrust (MT) gait is a nonsurgical approach for reducing the knee adduction moment (KAM) in patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, its usefulness is indeterminate due to scarcity of research about changes in lower extremity kinetics and the ground reaction force (GRF) which have been investigated in this study. Materials and methods. Twenty patients (6 males, 14 females, age: 56.2±6.2 years) with medial knee osteo­arthritis participated in this cross-sectional study. A 12-camera motion analysis system and two force plates recorded kinematic and GRF data while participants walked barefoot along a 12m path with 1) their regular gait pattern and 2) MT gait pattern. The first peak adduction and flexion moments of the hip, knee, and ankle, and the sagittal and frontal GRF were measured. The center of pressure (CoP) location in the mediolateral direction at first KAM peak was also determined. Results. MT gait significantly reduced the first KAM peak (mean difference= 169.7, p<0.001) and the hip flexion moment (mean difference: 82.6, p= 0.020) compared to normal gait. The mediolateral CoP significantly shifted laterally during MT gait compared to normal gait (mean difference: -12% foot width, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in other kinetics variables between the two gait patterns (p>0.05). Conclusions. 1. Our findings show that MT gait can reduce the KAM with no significant increase in the GRF and other lower extremity moments. 2. The results suggest that the reduced KAM associated with MT gait is caused by a lateral shift of the CoP, resulting in a reduced GRF moment arm.

Estimates of Gastrocnemius Muscle Length During Simulated Pathological Gait

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Rao ◽  
Fred Dietz ◽  
H. John Yack
Keyword(s):  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Line Model ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Segmented Model ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Crouch Gait ◽  
Pathological Gait

The purpose of this study was to compare estimates of gastrocnemius muscle length (GML) obtained using a segmented versus straight-line model in children. Kinematic data were acquired on eleven typically developing children as they walked under the following conditions: normal gait, crouch gait, equinus gait, and crouch with equinus gait. Maximum and minimum GML, and GML change were calculated using two models: straight-line and segmented. A two-way RMANOVA was used to compare GML characteristics. Results indicated that maximum GML and GML change during simulated pathological gait patterns were influenced by model used to calculate gastrocnemius muscle length (interaction: P = .004 and P = .026). Maximum GML was lower in the simulated gait patterns compared with normal gait (P < .001). Maximum GML was higher with the segmented model compared with the straight-line model (P = .030). Using either model, GML change in equinus gait and crouch with equinus gait was lower compared with normal gait (P < .001). Overall, minimum GML estimated with the segmented model was higher compared with the straight-line model (P < .01). The key findings of our study indicate that GML is significantly affected by both gait pattern and method of estimation. The GML estimates tended to be lower with the straight-line model versus the segmented model.

EXPLOITING VISUAL CUES FOR LEARNING GAIT PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuhelee Roy ◽  
Geelapaturu Subrahmanya Venkata Radha Krish Rao ◽  
Savarimuthu, Margret Anouncia
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Shape Features ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Gait Abnormalities

Records of cases involving neurological disorders often exhibit abnormalities in the gait pattern of an individual. As mentioned in various articles, the causes of various gait disorders can be attributed to neurological disorders. Hence analysis of gait abnormalities can be a key to predict the type of neurological disorders as a part of early diagnosis. A number of sensor-based measurements have aided towards quantifying the degree of abnormalities in a gait pattern. A shape oriented motion based approach has been proposed in this paper to envisage the task of classifying an abnormal gait pattern into one of the five types of gait viz. Parkinsonian, Scissor, Spastic, Steppage and Normal gait. The motion and shape features for two cases viz. right-leg-front and left-leg-front will be taken into account. Experimental results of application on real-time videos suggest the reliability of the proposed method.

Design and Development of Assistive Leg for Lower Limb Rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 1235-1244
Author(s):  
C.A. Sribalaji ◽  
S. Abhishek ◽  
S.P. Harisubramanyabalaji ◽  
Anjan Kumar Dash
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Reflex Action ◽  
Leg Movement ◽  
Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
Lower Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
Walking Aid

The main objective of this paper is to design and develop an assistive leg for the paralyzed patients, which supports them, by changing their paralyzed gait pattern to normal gait pattern. The normal gait pattern is achieved by reflex action. Two angle measurement sensors are mounted in the normal leg and two servo motors are mounted in the paralytic leg-at the hip and ankle. The principle is that as the person takes a step in his normal leg, the sensors detect the amount of leg movement and sent the data to microcontroller. Then the servo motors in the paralytic leg are actuated based on the commands from the microcontroller depending on the type of gait suitable for the person. It is observed in such patients that they follow three kinds of gait. Depending on the amount of normal leg movement the gait pattern is decided and the servo motors rotate to move the paralytic leg. During all these, the person still takes the help from the walking aid.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Functional Electrical Stimulation Based on a Normal Gait Pattern on Subjects with Early Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimei Tan ◽  
Huihua Liu ◽  
Tiebin Yan ◽  
Dongmei Jin ◽  
Xiaokuo He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Postural Assessment ◽  
And Performance

Objective.To investigate the effectiveness of four-channel FES based on a normal gait pattern on improving functional ability in subjects early after ischemic stroke.Methods.Forty-five subjects were randomly assigned into a four-channel FES group (n=16), a placebo group (n=15), or a dual-channel group (n=14). Stimulation lasted for 30 min in each session with 1 session/day, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. All subjects were assessed at baseline, at 3 weeks of treatment, and at 3 months after the treatment had finished. The assessments included Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI).Results.All 3 groups demonstrated significant improvements in all outcome measurements from pre- to posttreatment and further gains at followup. The score of FMA and MBI improved significantly in the four-channel group at the end of the 3 weeks of training. And the scores of PASS, BBS, MBI, and FAC in the four-channel group were significantly higher than those of the placebo group.Conclusions.This study indicated that four-channel FES can improve motor function, balance, walking ability, and performance of activities of daily living in subjects with early ischemic stroke.

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