Effect of Root-Associated Bacteria on Soluble Sugar Metabolism in Plant Under Environmental Stress

2018 ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yachana Jha ◽  
R.B. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Associated Bacteria

scholarly journals Changes in Soluble Sugar Accumulation and Activities of Sucrose-Metabolizing Enzymes during Fruit Ripening of Jackfruit

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Ying-zhi Li ◽  
Xiao-qiang Duan ◽  
Sheng-hui Liu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Xing-hai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Sucrose Synthesis ◽  
Sucrose Hydrolysis ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Ripe Stage

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is an important food crop widely grown in the tropical region. However, little is known about sugar metabolism during fruit ripening of jackfruit. Here we examined sugar profiles (sucrose, glucose and fructose) and corresponding enzyme activities (SPS, E.C.2.4.1.14; SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13; IV, EC 3.2.1.26) of four soft type and four firm type varieties of jackfruit during four stages of fruit ripening. We found that during fruit ripening, there was a rapid increase in contents of total soluble sugar and sucrose, whereas increases in glucose and fructose contents were much slower. Ratios of glucose versus fructose varied among different varieties and ripening stages but within the range of 0.9 to 1.2 in the ripe fruits. Five of these varieties exhibited markedly high levels of SuSy activity for sucrose synthesis at early ripening stage, and then decreased towards fully ripe stage. All soft type varieties exhibited a conspicuous peak of AIV activity and had overall higher AIV activities than NIV during ripening. The changing patterns for other enzymes varied among varieties. Our studies support the notion that sucrose was the major sugar species contributing to the fruit sweetness, followed by fructose and glucose. We also demonstrated that AIV and NIV were probably the primary enzymes responsible for sucrose hydrolysis during ripening, while SPS and SuSy were responsible for sucrose synthesis. We propose that during fruit ripening of jackfruit, glucose is released from starch hydrolysis, followed by sucrose hydrolysis leading to increase in both glucose and fructose contents.

scholarly journals The Nodule Microbiome: N2-Fixing Rhizobia Do Not Live Alone

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Martínez-Hidalgo ◽  
Ann M. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Nitrogen Fixers

For decades, rhizobia were thought to be the only nitrogen-fixing inhabitants of legume nodules, and biases in culture techniques prolonged this belief. However, other bacteria, which are not typical rhizobia, are often detected within nodules obtained from soil, thus revealing the existence of a phytomicrobiome where the interaction among the individuals is not only complex, but also likely to affect the behavior and fitness of the host plant. Many of these nonrhizobial bacteria are nitrogen fixers, and some also induce nitrogen-fixing nodules on legume roots. Even more striking is the incredibly diverse population of bacteria residing within nodules that elicit neither nodulation nor nitrogen fixation. Yet, this community exists within the nodule, albeit clearly out-numbered by nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Few studies of the function of these nodule-associated bacteria in nodules have been performed, and to date, it is not known whether their presence in nodules is biologically important or not. Do they confer any benefits to the Rhizobium-legume nitrogen-fixing symbiosis, or are they parasites/saprophytes, contaminants, or commensals? In this review, we highlight the lesser-known bacteria that dwell within nitrogen-fixing nodules and discuss their possible role in this enclosed community as well as any likely benefits to the host plant or to the rhizobial inhabitants of the nodule. Although many of these nodule inhabitants are not capable of nitrogen fixation, they have the potential to enhance legume survival especially under conditions of environmental stress. This knowledge will be useful in defining strategies to employ these bacteria as bioinoculants by themselves or combined with rhizobia. Such an approach will enhance rhizobial performance or persistence as well as decrease the usage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

scholarly journals Dehydrins and Soluble Sugars Involved in Cold Acclimation of Rosa wichurana and Rose Cultivar ‘Yesterday’

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Lin Ouyang ◽  
Leen Leus ◽  
Ellen De Keyser ◽  
Marie-Christine Van Labeke
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Cold Hardy

Rose is the most economically important ornamental plant. However, cold stress seriously affects the survival and regrowth of garden roses in northern regions. Cold acclimation was studied using two genotypes (Rosa wichurana and R. hybrida ‘Yesterday’) selected from a rose breeding program. During the winter season (November to April), the cold hardiness of stems, soluble sugar content, and expression of dehydrins and the related key genes in the soluble sugar metabolism were analyzed. ‘Yesterday’ is more cold-hardy and acclimated faster, reaching its maximum cold hardiness in December. R. wichurana is relatively less cold-hardy, only reaching its maximum cold hardiness in January after prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures. Dehydrin transcripts accumulated significantly during November–January in both genotypes. Soluble sugars are highly involved in cold acclimation, with sucrose and oligosaccharides significantly correlated with cold hardiness. Sucrose occupied the highest proportion of total soluble sugars in both genotypes. During November–January, downregulation of RhSUS was found in both genotypes, while upregulation of RhSPS was observed in ‘Yesterday’ and upregulation of RhINV2 was found in R. wichurana. Oligosaccharides accumulated from November to February and decreased to a significantly low level in April. RhRS6 had a significant upregulation in December in R. wichurana. This study provides insight into the cold acclimation mechanism of roses by combining transcription patterns with metabolite quantification.

scholarly journals Changes in soluble sugar metabolism in loquat fruit during different cold storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wei ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Xingfeng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Sugar Metabolism

scholarly journals Sugar metabolism changes in response to the ultraviolet B irradiation of peach (Prunus persica L.)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuxu Wang ◽  
Xiling Fu ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Lei Huan ◽  
Wenhai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Transporter Protein ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation ◽  
Expansion Period

AbstractThe protected cultivation of peach (Prunuspersica L.) trees is more economical and efficient than traditional cultivation, resulting in increased farmers’ incomes, but the peach sugar contents are lower than in open planting. In the greenhouse, a high-sugar variety of peach ‘Lumi 1’ was irradiated with 1.44 KJ·m−2.d−1 intensity ultraviolet B radiation. The soluble sugar contents in fruit, peel and leaf were quantified using liquid chromatography. Overall, sucrose and sorbitol increased before the second fruit-expansion period. To further understand the mechanisms regulating sucrose and sorbitol accumulation in peach fruit, expression profiles of genes involved in sugar metabolism and transport were measured. The activity and translocation protein contents of these enzymes were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The increased sucrose synthase activity and sucrose transporter level in the pericarp promoted the synthesis of sucrose and intake of sucrose into fruit. Sorbitol transport into fruit was promoted by the increased sorbitol transporter protein levels in leaves. In summary, greenhouse the sucrose and sorbitol contents were increased when supplemented with 1.44 kJ·m−2·d−1 ultraviolet B radiation before the second fruit-expansion period of peach.

scholarly journals Potassium fertilization arrests malate accumulation and alters soluble sugar metabolism in apple fruit

Biology Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. bio024745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Xian Zhang ◽  
Yufei Wang ◽  
Nishang Zhang ◽  
Yanping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Potassium Fertilization

scholarly journals Brassica rapa orphan genes largely affect soluble sugar metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingliang Jiang ◽  
Zongxiang Zhan ◽  
Haiyan Li ◽  
Xiangshu Dong ◽  
Feng Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Orphan Genes ◽  
Depth Analysis

Abstract Orphan genes (OGs), which are genes unique to a specific taxon, play a vital role in primary metabolism. However, little is known about the functional significance of Brassica rapa OGs (BrOGs) that were identified in our previous study. To study their biological functions, we developed a BrOG overexpression (BrOGOE) mutant library of 43 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and assessed the phenotypic variation of the plants. We found that 19 of the 43 BrOGOE mutants displayed a mutant phenotype and 42 showed a variable soluble sugar content. One mutant, BrOG1OE, with significantly elevated fructose, glucose, and total sugar contents but a reduced sucrose content, was selected for in-depth analysis. BrOG1OE showed reduced expression and activity of the Arabidopsis sucrose synthase gene (AtSUS); however, the activity of invertase was unchanged. In contrast, silencing of two copies of BrOG1 in B. rapa, BraA08002322 (BrOG1A) and BraSca000221 (BrOG1B), by the use of an efficient CRISPR/Cas9 system of Chinese cabbage (B. rapa ssp. campestris) resulted in decreased fructose, glucose, and total soluble sugar contents because of the upregulation of BrSUS1b, BrSUS3, and, specifically, the BrSUS5 gene in the edited BrOG1 transgenic line. In addition, we observed increased sucrose content and SUS activity in the BrOG1 mutants, with the activity of invertase remaining unchanged. Thus, BrOG1 probably affected soluble sugar metabolism in a SUS-dependent manner. This is the first report investigating the function of BrOGs with respect to soluble sugar metabolism and reinforced the idea that OGs are a valuable resource for nutrient metabolism.

scholarly journals Sugar Metabolism and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Key Sugar Transporters during Camellia oleifera Fruit Development

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 822
Author(s):  
Yu He ◽  
Ruifan Chen ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Guichan Liang ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Sucrose Transport

Camellia oleifera is a widely planted woody oil crop with economic significance because it does not occupy cultivated land. The sugar-derived acetyl-CoA is the basic building block in fatty acid synthesis and oil synthesis in C. oleifera fruit; however, sugar metabolism in this species is uncharacterized. Herein, the changes in sugar content and metabolic enzyme activity and the transcriptomic changes during C. oleifera fruit development were determined in four developmental stages (CR6: young fruit formation; CR7: expansion; CR9: oil transformation; CR10: ripening). CR7 was the key period of sugar metabolism since it had the highest amount of soluble sugar, sucrose, and glucose with a high expression of genes related to sugar transport (four sucrose transporters (SUTs) or and one SWEET-like gene, also known as a sugar, will eventually be exported transporters) and metabolism. The significant positive correlation between their expression and sucrose content suggests that they may be the key genes responsible for sucrose transport and content maintenance. Significantly differentially expressed genes enriched in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway were observed in the CR6 versus CR10 stages according to KEGG annotation. The 26 enriched candidate genes related to sucrose metabolism provide a molecular basis for further sugar metabolism studies in C. oleifera fruit.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Key Proteins Linked to the Accumulation of Soluble Sugars and Organic Acids in the Mature Fruits of the Wild Malus Species

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiquan Ma ◽  
Yuduan Ding ◽  
Cuiying Li ◽  
Mingjun Li ◽  
Fengwang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Malus Species

Soluble sugars and organic acids are the main determinants of fruit organoleptic quality. To investigate the genes responsible for the soluble sugar and organic acid contents of apple fruits, a label-free proteomic analysis involving liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS was conducted with the fruits of two Malus species, M. sargentii and M. niedzwetzkyana, which exhibit significant differences in soluble sugar and organic acid contents. A total of 13,036 unique peptides and 1,079 differentially-expressed proteins were identified. To verify the LC-MS/MS results, five candidate proteins were further analyzed by parallel reaction monitoring. The results were consistent with the LC-MS/MS data, which confirmed the reliability of the LC-MS/MS analysis. The functional annotation of the differentially-expressed proteins, based on the gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, revealed that they were mainly related to biological processes and cellular components. Additionally, the main enriched KEGG pathways were related to metabolic processes. Moreover, 31 proteins involved in soluble sugar metabolism, organic acid metabolism, and H+-transport were identified. The results of this study may be useful for the comprehensive characterization of the complex mechanism regulating apple fruit-soluble sugar and organic acid contents.

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