Age effects on cognitive impairment from sleep loss: contributing factors and individual differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda N. Hudson ◽  
Lillian Skeiky ◽  
Hans P.A. Van Dongen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Contributing Factors

Depression and Cognitive Impairment in Patients on Hemodialysis: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Nor Jannah Nasution Raduan ◽  
Mohd Razali Salleh ◽  
Ghazali Ahmad ◽  
Zaleha Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Low Education

Depression and cognitive impairment are the most common complications of patients on hemodialysis. The objective of this study is to identify contributing factors to depression and cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients. This is a cross-sectional study involving 110 hemodialysis patients in Hospital Kuala Lumpur. The samples were recruited through universal sampling. Patients were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. This study found that 18.2% of patients had depression, and 48.2% had cognitive impairment. Factors associated with depression were unmarried status, low education level, and cognitive impairment. Factors associated with cognitive impairment were low education level, depression, and unemployment. Keywords: hemodialysis, depression, cognitive, ESRD eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2468.

scholarly journals Delirium and neuropsychological outcomes in critically Ill patients with COVID-19: a cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e050045
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Ragheb ◽  
Amy McKinney ◽  
Mackenzie Zierau ◽  
Joseph Brooks ◽  
Maria Hill-Caruthers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Ischaemic Injury ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Neuropsychological Outcomes

ObjectiveTo characterise the clinical course of delirium for patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit, including postdischarge neuropsychological outcomes.DesignRetrospective chart review and prospective survey study.SettingIntensive care units, large academic tertiary-care centre (USA).ParticipantsPatients (n=148) with COVID-19 admitted to an intensive care unit at Michigan Medicine between 1 March 2020 and 31 May 2020 were eligible for inclusion.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDelirium was the primary outcome, assessed via validated chart review method. Secondary outcomes included measures related to delirium, such as delirium duration, antipsychotic use, length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, inflammatory markers and final disposition. Neuroimaging data were also collected. Finally, a telephone survey was conducted between 1 and 2 months after discharge to determine neuropsychological function via the following tests: Family Confusion Assessment Method, Short Blessed Test, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Cognitive Abilities 4a and Patient-Health Questionnaire-9.ResultsDelirium was identified in 108/148 (73%) patients, with median (IQR) duration lasting 10 (4–17) days. In the delirium cohort, 50% (54/108) of patients were African American and delirious patients were more likely to be female (76/108, 70%) (absolute standardised differences >0.30). Sedation regimens, inflammation, delirium prevention protocol deviations and hypoxic-ischaemic injury were likely contributing factors, and the most common disposition for delirious patients was a skilled care facility (41/108, 38%). Among patients who were delirious during hospitalisation, 4/17 (24%) later screened positive for delirium at home based on caretaker assessment, 5/22 (23%) demonstrated signs of questionable cognitive impairment or cognitive impairment consistent with dementia and 3/25 (12%) screened positive for depression within 2 months after discharge.ConclusionPatients with COVID-19 commonly experience a prolonged course of delirium in the intensive care unit, likely with multiple contributing factors. Furthermore, neuropsychological impairment may persist after discharge.

Activity engagement in dementia care: A student-delivered home program

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Braddock, PhD, CCC-SLP ◽  
Ellen Phipps, CTRS
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Home Program ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Before And After

Purpose: This study examines activity engagement for persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) and caregiver support through “partnered volunteering” at home. The goal of the program was to provide opportunities for persons with ADRD to reengage in activities that had fallen out of their daily routines.Method: University students engaged participants with ADRD in carefully selected and adapted activity over an eight-week program. Cognitive and engagement observations were completed before and after programing. Caregivers rated burden and self-confidence in implementing activity.Results: Eleven of 12 participants engaged in activity that once held meaning in their lives. Participants with mild cognitive impairment self-initiated activity with adaptation and setup; while those with more severe cognitive impairment were more likely to self-initiate activity following programing. Caregivers reported significantly reduced burden and tended to be more confident in implementing activity following the student-delivered program.Conclusions: The results highlight individual differences in activity engagement and provide rationale for partnered volunteering.

scholarly journals Appraisal of self-reference, delusional ideation and memory in a normal sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelaine Clair Burley
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Normal Sample ◽  
Achievement Scores ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Self Reference ◽  
Normal Adults

I investigated whether self-referent appraisal bias (SRB) mediates the relation between delusional thinking and self-referent memory (SRM). Forty normal adults participated. Participants rated how much 80 statements were about them on a five-point scale and the ratings were summed to operationalize SRB. Corrected hit rate (Pr) from an incidental recognition memory test for these statements was the dependent measure of SRM. Peters Delusion Inventory (PDI) scores correlated with Pr (r=-.34) and there was a trend toward correlation between SRB and Pr (r=-.25). SRB mediated the relation between PDI score and Pr with age, standardized memory and language achievement scores as covariates (Baron & Kenny, 1986). Bootstrapping analyses confirmed that the change in the model was significant with SRB as a mediator. These findings suggest that individual differences, such as SRB, mediate SRM performance. This suggests that such subtle biases could mediate cognitive impairment in psychosis, which has implications for treatment.

scholarly journals Delirium and Post-Discharge Neuropsychological Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: an Institutional Case Series

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Ragheb ◽  
Amy McKinney ◽  
Mackenzie Zierau ◽  
Joseph Brooks ◽  
Maria Hill-Caruthers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Post Discharge

AbstractDelirium is a serious and common complication among critically ill patients with COVID-19. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical course of delirium for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit, including post-discharge cognitive outcomes. A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (n=148) admitted to an intensive care unit at Michigan Medicine between 3/1/2020 and 5/31/2020. Delirium was identified in 107/148 (72%) patients in the study cohort, with median (interquartile range) duration lasting 10 (4 – 17) days. Sedative regimens, inflammation, deviation from delirium prevention protocols, and hypoxic-ischemic injury were likely contributing factors, and the most common disposition for delirious patients was a skilled care facility (41/148, 38%). Among patients who were delirious during hospitalization, 4/17 (24%) later tested positive for delirium at home based on caretaker assessment, 5/22 (23%) demonstrated signs of questionable cognitive impairment or cognitive impairment consistent with dementia, and 3/25 (12%) screened positive for depression within two months after discharge. Overall, patients with COVID-19 commonly experience a prolonged course of delirium in the intensive care unit, likely with multiple contributing factors. Furthermore, neuropsychological impairment may persist after discharge.

scholarly journals The role of personality in COVID-19 related perceptions, evaluations, and behaviors: Findings across five samples, nine traits, and 17 criteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Zettler ◽  
Christoph Schild ◽  
Lau Lilleholt ◽  
Lara Kroencke ◽  
Till Utesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Perceptions ◽  
And Behaviors

People and institutions around the world have been affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, we investigate the role of both basic (HEXACO and Big Five) and specific (Dark Factor of Personality, Narcissistic Rivalry and Admiration) personality traits for 17 criteria related to COVID-19, grouped into (i) personal perceptions in terms of risks and worries about the disease, (ii) behavioral adjustments in terms of following the health recommendations and hoarding, and (iii) societal evaluations in terms of the appropriateness of different measures and feelings of social cohesion. (Internal) Meta-analytic results across five samples from two countries (overall N = 10,702) show—next to gender and age effects—the importance of several traits, including Emotionality/Neuroticism for personal perceptions and anti- or prosocial traits for behavior in line with health recommendations. The investigation thus highlights the importance of individual differences in uncertain and changing situations and the COVID-19 pandemic in particular.

Individual differences in executive functioning modulate age effects on the ERP correlates of retrieval success

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 3540-3553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Angel ◽  
Séverine Fay ◽  
Badiâa Bouazzaoui ◽  
Michel Isingrini
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Age Effects

scholarly journals Sleep loss as a trigger of mood episodes in bipolar disorder: Individual differences based on diagnostic subtype and gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Swaden Lewis ◽  
Katherine Gordon-Smith ◽  
Liz Forty ◽  
Arianna Di Florio ◽  
Nick Craddock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Type I ◽  
Low Mood ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundSleep loss may trigger mood episodes in people with bipolar disorder but individual differences could influence vulnerability to this trigger.AimsTo determine whether bipolar subtype (bipolar disorder type I (BP-I) or II (BD-II)) and gender were associated with vulnerability to the sleep loss trigger.MethodDuring a semi-structured interview, 3140 individuals (68% women) with bipolar disorder (66% BD-I) reported whether sleep loss had triggered episodes of high or low mood. DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar subtype was derived from case notes and interview data.ResultsSleep loss triggering episodes of high mood was associated with female gender (odds ratio (OR) = 143, 95% CI 1.17–1.75,P<0.001) and BD-I subtype (OR=2.81, 95% CI 2.26–3.50,P<0.001). Analyses on sleep loss triggering low mood were not significant following adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsGender and bipolar subtype may increase vulnerability to high mood following sleep deprivation. This should be considered in situations where patients encounter sleep disruption, such as shift work and international travel.

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