SALT STRESS: RESISTANCE MECHANISMS AND IN VITRO SELECTION PROCEDURES

Somaclonal variation associated with in vitro selection has been used as a source of variability to improve drought resistance of 3 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars (Selbera, Sebou, and Kyperounda). In a previous study, R0 plants with improved drought resistance-related characters were regenerated after selection on culture media containing polyethylene glycol (PEG). This improvement was transmitted to the R1 progeny. The present study analysed the behaviour of the selected tissue culture-derived lines in subsequent R2, R3 and R4�generations. Differences in electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), stomatal conductance and days to heading were found between the parental cultivars and most of their in vitro-derived lines. The changes may differ from one cultivar to another. Many promising somaclonal lines still presented improvement for at least 3 of the 4�parameters measured comparatively to initial cultivars. Somaclonal variation thus appears to induce a wide range of modifications among individual components of drought-resistance mechanisms. These improved traits could be valuable if shown to be inherited and to give enhanced agronomic performances in future field studies.

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Nodulation under salt stress of alfalfa lines obtained after in vitro selection for osmotic tolerance

Plant Science ◽

10.1016/s0168-9452(03)00291-7 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 165 (4) ◽

pp. 887-894 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Dimitar Djilianov ◽

Els Prinsen ◽

Sevgi Oden ◽

Henry van Onckelen ◽

Joachim Müller

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

In Vitro Selection ◽

Osmotic Tolerance ◽

Selection For

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In vitro selection of winter triticale for salt resistance

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv ◽

10.7124/feeo.v20.773 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 247-251

Author(s):

S. V. Pykalo ◽

O. V. Dubrovna ◽

O. A. Demydov

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Cell Lines ◽

In Vitro Selection ◽

High Survival ◽

Winter Triticale ◽

Step Type ◽

Callus Lines ◽

Selection Of

Aim. To obtain of cell lines and plant-regenerants of winter triticale resistant for salt stress the in vitro selection was carried out. Methods. In order to select resistant to salt stress forms of triticale the efficiency of using direct and step-type in vitro selection with application of selective system based on sodium chloride has been investigated. Results. The direct and step-type in vitro selection was conducted and the selection of callus lines of triticale being resistant to simu-lated salinity was carried out. As a result, from line 38/1296 and variety Obriy respectively, 5 and 4 resistant callus lines were identified that had a high survival rate on the selective medium with 1.2 % NaCl and maintained morphogenetic potential. From the resistant lines plant regenerants were induced and their rearing, rooting and transfer to in vivo condi-tions were optimized. Conclusions. A step-type in vitro selection was more effective, because resulted from the selec-tion more resistant callus forms were identified. First cell lines of winter triticale with resistance to salt stress were de-rived.Keywords: Triticale, in vitro selection, callus, salt stress, resistance.

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Selenium-induced improvements in the ornamental value and salt stress resistance of Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br.

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/fhort-2019-0016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 213-221

Author(s):

Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak ◽

Katarzyna Rubinowska ◽

Jolanta Molas ◽

Weronika Woch ◽

Renata Matraszek-Gawron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Stress Resistance ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Salt Resistance ◽

Phytotoxic Effect ◽

Salt Stress Resistance

AbstractOrnamental plants growing in urban areas are often exposed to salt stress that negatively affects their decorative value. Enhancement of their salt resistance to retain a high decorative value despite salt stress has therefore high practical importance. In our study, the exposure of Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. to NaCl-induced moderate (40 mM) or severe salt stress (80 mM) resulted in a number of stress responses including reduced growth parameters, decreased concentration of photosynthetic pigments, and an increase in the accumulation of anthocyanins and free proline. These changes were partially compensated for by the application of selenium (5 µM as Na2SeO4) to the growth medium. However, the beneficial effect of selenium on the growth and physiological parameters of P. scutellarioides was manifested only at the moderate level of salt stress. Under the severe salt stress, the application of selenium was not able to alleviate the phytotoxic effect of NaCl.

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Chloroplastic SaNADP-ME4 of C3–C4 Woody Desert Species Salsola laricifolia Confers Drought and Salt Stress Resistance to Arabidopsis

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10091827 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1827

Author(s):

Zhibin Wen ◽

Yulan Wang ◽

Chunlan Xia ◽

Yuhui Zhang ◽

Hongxiang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Resistance ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Confocal Imaging ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Bivalent Cation ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Desert Species ◽

Drought And Salt Stress ◽

Salt Stress Resistance

The NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) catalyzes the reversible decarboxylation of L-malate to produce pyruvate, CO2, and NADPH in the presence of a bivalent cation. In addition, this enzyme plays crucial roles in plant developmental and environment responses, especially for the plastidic isoform. However, this isoform is less studied in C3–C4 intermediate species under drought and salt stresses than in C3 and C4 species. In the present study, we characterized SaNADP-ME4 from the intermediate woody desert species Salsola laricifolia. SaNADP-ME4 encoded a protein of 646 amino acids, which was found to be located in the chloroplasts based on confocal imaging. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that SaNADP-ME4 was highly expressed in leaves, followed by stems and roots, and SaNADP-ME4 expression was improved and reached its maximum under the 200 mm mannitol and 100 mm NaCl treatments, respectively. Arabidopsis overexpressing SaNADP-ME4 showed increased root length and fresh weight under mannitol and salt stress conditions at the seedling stage. In the adult stage, SaNADP-ME4 could alleviate the decreased in chlorophyll contents and PSII photochemical efficiency, as well as improve the expression of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase genes to enhance reactive oxygen species scavenging capability and proline levels. Our results suggest that SaNADP-ME4 overexpression in Arabidopsis increases drought and salt stress resistance.

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Obtaining Salt Stress-Tolerant Eggplant Somaclonal Variants from In Vitro Selection

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2539

Author(s):

Sami Hannachi ◽

Stefaan Werbrouck ◽

Insaf Bahrini ◽

Abdelmuhsin Abdelgadir ◽

Hira Affan Siddiqui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Water Content ◽

Acid Content ◽

In Vitro Selection ◽

Callus Tissue ◽

Salt Content ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Control Line

An efficient regeneration protocol was applied to regenerate shoots on salt stress-tolerant calli lines of aubergine (Solanum melongena). These NaCl-tolerant cell lines were obtained by two different methods. On the one hand, the developed callus tissue was transferred to a medium with a continuous salt content of 40, 80, 120, or 160 mM NaCl. On the other hand, the callus tissue was subjected to a stepwise increasing salinity to 160 mM NaCl every 30 days. With the second method, calli which could be selected were characterized by compact growth, a greenish color, and absence of necrotic zones. When grown on salt-free medium again, NaCl-tolerant calli showed a decline in relative growth rate and water content in comparison to the control line. This was more obvious in the 120 mM NaCl-tolerant callus. Lipid peroxidase activity increased in 40 and 80 mM NaCl-tolerant calli; yet did not increase further in 120 mM-tolerant callus. An increase in ascorbic acid content was observed in 80 and 120 mM NaCl-tolerant calli compared to the 40 mM NaCl-tolerant lines, in which ascorbic acid content was twice that of the control. All NaCl-tolerant lines showed significantly higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) (208–305–370 µmol min−1 mg−1 FW) and catalase (CAT) (136–211–238 µmol min−1 mg−1 FW) activities compared to control plants (231 and 126 µmol min−1 mg−1 FW). Plants were regenerated on the calli lines that could tolerate up to 120 mM NaCl. From the 32 plants tested in vitro, ten plants with a higher number of leaves and root length could be selected for further evaluation in the field. Their high salt tolerance was evident by their more elevated fresh and dry weight, their more increased relative water content, and a higher number and weight of fruits compared to the wild-type parental control. The presented work shows that somaclonal variation can be efficiently used to develop salt-tolerant mutants.

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