scholarly journals The impact of visitor restrictions on health care-associated respiratory viral infections during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience of a tertiary hospital in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
Liang En Wee ◽  
Edwin Philip Conceicao ◽  
Jean Xiang-Ying Sim ◽  
May Kyawt Aung ◽  
Indumathi Venkatachalam
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Respiratory Viral Infection Alters the Gut Microbiota by Inducing Inappetence

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen T. Groves ◽  
Sophie L. Higham ◽  
Miriam F. Moffatt ◽  
Michael J. Cox ◽  
John S. Tregoning
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Respiratory viral infections are extremely common, but their impacts on the composition and function of the gut microbiota are poorly understood. We previously observed a significant change in the gut microbiota after viral lung infection. Here, we show that weight loss during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza virus infection was due to decreased food consumption, and that the fasting of mice altered gut microbiota composition independently of infection. While the acute phase tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) response drove early weight loss and inappetence during RSV infection, this was not sufficient to induce changes in the gut microbiota. However, the depletion of CD8+ cells increased food intake and prevented weight loss, resulting in a reversal of the gut microbiota changes normally observed during RSV infection. Viral infection also led to changes in the fecal gut metabolome, with a significant shift in lipid metabolism. Sphingolipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) valerate were all increased in abundance in the fecal metabolome following RSV infection. Whether this and the impact of infection-induced anorexia on the gut microbiota are part of a protective anti-inflammatory response during respiratory viral infections remains to be determined. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota has an important role in health and disease: gut bacteria can generate metabolites that alter the function of immune cells systemically. Understanding the factors that can lead to changes in the gut microbiome may help to inform therapeutic interventions. This is the first study to systematically dissect the pathway of events from viral lung infection to changes in gut microbiota. We show that the cellular immune response to viral lung infection induces inappetence, which in turn alters the gut microbiome and metabolome. Strikingly, there was an increase in lipids that have been associated with the resolution of disease. This opens up new paths of investigation: first, what is the (presumably secreted) factor made by the T cells that can induce inappetence? Second, is inappetence an adaptation that accelerates recovery from infection, and if so, does the microbiome play a role in this?

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Exacerbations

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Patel ◽  
Misty Thompson ◽  
James Slaven ◽  
Clement Ren
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Pulmonary Exacerbations ◽  
The Impact

​Background and Hypothesis       CF pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) are episodes of decline in respiratory function that can be triggered by a variety of mechanisms, including respiratory viral infections.  The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in school closures and home isolation policies and a potential reduction in exposure to other respiratory viruses.  The goal of this project is to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CF PEx at the Riley Hospital for Children. We hypothesize that the incidence of PEx will be lower during the period of the COVID-19 lockdown from March 1 to May 15 in 2020 compared to the same time interval in 2019.      Methods  We performed a retrospective chart review of children with CF ages 2-12 (N=80) seen at Riley in 2019 and 2020 and collected data within the following timeframes: January 1 to March 15 2019 and 2020, and March 16 to May 15 2019 and 2020.  We collected data on baseline clinical features and details of each PEx event.  Data were analyzed with parametric and non-parametric descriptive statistic tests as appropriate; significance was set at P≤0.05.     Results       The percent of PEx events in the study cohort was significantly lower in 2020 compared to 2019 for January 1 to March 15 (56% vs 42%, P=0.0116) and March 16 to May 15 (35% vs 14%, P<0.0001).  The percent of in-person PEx events was significantly lower during March 16 to May 15 in 2020 compared to 2019 (15% vs 1%, P=0.0066)    Conclusions and Potential Impact        COVID-19 restrictions were associated with a decrease PEx events.  We speculate that this reflects a reduced exposure to respiratory viral infections in general. The decrease in in-person PEx events may reflect a shift towards telehealth during the COVID-19 restrictions.  These results provide a foundation for further research into triggers and prevention of CF PEx.   

scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of Obesity on Health Care Resources and Coding in the Acute Hospital Setting: A Feasibility Study

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Winnie S. Y. Tan ◽  
Adrienne M. Young ◽  
Alexandra L. Di Bella ◽  
Tracy Comans ◽  
Merrilyn Banks
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Participant Recruitment ◽  
Orthopaedic Ward ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Care Costs

Obesity is costly, yet there have been few attempts to estimate the actual costs of providing hospital care to the obese inpatient. This study aimed to test the feasibility of measuring obesity-related health care costs and accuracy of coding data for acute inpatients. A prospective observational study was conducted over three weeks in June 2018 in a single orthopaedic ward of a metropolitan tertiary hospital in Queensland, Australia. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, clinical characteristics, cost of hospital encounter and coding data were collected. Complete demographic, anthropometric and clinical data were collected for all 18 participants. Hospital costing reports and coding data were not available within the study timeframe. Participant recruitment and data collection were resource-intensive, with mobility assistance required to obtain anthropometric measurements in more than half of the participants. Greater staff time and costs were seen in participants with obesity compared to those without obesity (obesity: body mass index ≥ 30), though large standard deviations indicate wide variance. Data collected suggest that obesity-related cost and resource use amongst acute inpatients require further exploration. This study provides recommendations for protocol refinement to improve the accuracy of data collected for future studies measuring the actual cost of providing hospital care to obese inpatients.

scholarly journals Diagnostic performance and clinical feasibility of a point-of-care test for respiratory viral infections in primary health care

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea H L Bruning ◽  
Wilhelmina B de Kruijf ◽  
Henk C P M van Weert ◽  
Wim L M Willems ◽  
Menno D de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

scholarly journals Possible role of vitamin D supplementation in coronavirus disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Devi Dayal
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
The Impact

<p>Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is presumed to play a role in several infective and non-infective conditions such as acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, diabetes, hypertension, stroke etc. Most of the respiratory viral infections occur during winter season when the vitamin D levels in most individuals are generally low. The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which began during winter season similar to the previous epidemics due to coronaviruses, has again stirred a debate on the role of VDD in the initiation and spread of the pandemic. The data on vitamin D status in patients with COVID-19 is however lacking. Different vitamin D supplementation strategies have recently been suggested as part of several countermeasures aimed at reducing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. This brief narrative review discusses the evidence for the link between VDD and COVID-19 and the approaches suggested for vitamin D supplementation.</p>

scholarly journals Respiratory viral infection alters the gut microbiota by inducing inappetence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen T. Groves ◽  
Sophie L. Higham ◽  
Miriam F. Moffatt ◽  
Michael J. Cox ◽  
John S. Tregoning
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe gut microbiota has an important role in health and disease. Respiratory viral infections are extremely common but their impact on the composition and function of the gut microbiota is poorly understood. We previously observed a significant change in the gut microbiota after viral lung infection. Here we show that weight loss during Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) or influenza virus infection was due to decreased food consumption, and that fasting mice independently of infection altered gut microbiota composition. While the acute phase TNF-α response drove early weight loss and inappetence during RSV infection, this was not sufficient to induce changes in the gut microbiota. However, depleting CD8+ cells increased food intake and prevented weight loss resulting in a reversal of the gut microbiota changes normally observed during RSV infection. Viral infection also led to changes in the faecal gut metabolome during RSV infection, with a significant shift in lipid metabolism. Sphingolipids, poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) valerate all increased in abundance in the faecal metabolome following RSV infection. Whether this, and the impact of infection-induced anorexia on the gut microbiota, are part of a protective, anti-inflammatory response during respiratory viral infections remains to be determined.

scholarly journals Risk factors for respiratory viral infections in newborns

1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
O. I. Pikuza ◽  
L. A. Kuznetsova ◽  
L. Y. Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Expectant Mother ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
The Impact

The study of the clinical features of acute respiratory viral infections and pneumonia in 320 newborns made it possible to identify a group of children with an increased risk of an unfavorable course of the disease. A negative effect on the prognosis of acute respiratory diseases in newborns is exerted by toxicosis, acute diseases of women during pregnancy, the impact on the expectant mother of occupational health problems, a burdened obstetric history, prematurity of the newborn, natal trauma of the central nervous system. Specific regimens have been developed to complement the conventional medical history that can facilitate the management of risk conditions and a differentiated approach to the newborn.

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