scholarly journals Exposure to microbial metabolite butyrate prolongs the survival time and changes the growth pattern of HPV16 E6/E7-immortalized keratinocytes in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengtao Li ◽  
Eva M. McGhee ◽  
Lauryn Shinno ◽  
Kellie Lee ◽  
Yi-Ling Lin
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Hpv16 E6 ◽  
Microbial Metabolite

Role of Apolipoprotein A-I in Protecting against Endotoxin Toxicity

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ma ◽  
Xue-Ling Liao ◽  
Bin Lou ◽  
Man-Ping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mtt Method ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Plasma Fraction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Vivo Effects

Abstract High density lipoprotein (HDL) binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS or endotoxin) and neutralizes its toxicity. We investigated the function of Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), a major apolipoprotein in HDL, in this process. Mouse macrophages were incubated with LPS, LPS+ApoA-I, LPS+ApoA-I+LFF (lipoprotein-free plasma fraction d>1.210 g/ml), LPS+HDL, LPS+HDL+LFF, respectively. MTT method was used to detect the mortality of L-929 cells which were attacked by the release-out cytokines in LPS-activated macrophages. It was found that ApoA-I significantly decreased L-929 cells mortality caused by LPS treatment (LPS vs. LPS+ApoA-I, P<0.05) and this effect became even more significant when LFF was utilized (LPS vs. LPS+ApoA-I+LFF, P<0.01; LPS vs. LPS+HDL+LFF, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between LPS+ApoA-I+LFF and LPS+HDL+LFF treatment, indicating that ApoA-I was the main factor. We also investigated in vivo effects of ApoA-I on mouse mortality rate and survival time after LPS administration. We found that the mortality in LPS+ApoA-I group (20%) and in LPS+ApoA-I+LFF group (10%) was significantly lower than that in LPS group (80%) (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively); the survival time was (43.20 ± 10.13) h in LPS+ApoA-I group and (46.80 ± 3.79) h in LPS+ApoA-I+LFF group, which were significantly longer than that in LPS group (16.25 ± 17.28) h (P<0.01). We also carried out in vitro binding study to investigate the binding capacity of ApoA-I and ApoA-I+LFF to fluorescence labeled LPS (FITC-LPS). It was shown that both ApoA-I and ApoA-I+LFF could bind with FITC-LPS, however, the binding capacity of ApoA-I+LFF to FITC-LPS (64.47 ± 8.06) was significantly higher than that of ApoA-I alone (24.35 ± 3.70) (P<0.01). The results suggest that: (1) ApoA-I has the ability to bind with and protect against LPS; (2) LFF enhances the effect of ApoA-I; (3) ApoA-I is the major contributor for HDL anti-endotoxin function.

scholarly journals Inhibition of In Vivo Growth of Plasmodium berghei by Launaea taraxacifolia and Amaranthus viridis in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Olubukola S. Olorunnisola ◽  
Abiodun O. Owoade ◽  
Peter Adegbola
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Antimalarial Agents ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
In Vivo Growth

Launaea taraxacifolia and Amaranthus viridis used by people of Western Africa in the treatment of malaria and related symptoms were assessed for their antiplasmodial value against the chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei. Crude extracts (200 mg/kg) and chloroquine (5 mg/kg) were administered to different groups of Swiss mice. The percentage of parasitemia, survival time, and haematological parameters were determined. Both extracts significantly (p<0.05) inhibited parasitemia and improved survival time in infected mice. The crude extracts prevented loss of some haematological parameters. A. viridis had a distinct effect on the packed cell volume. The extract was able to protect the liver from some of the damage. This study however showed that the methanolic extracts of A. viridis and L. taraxacifolia possess antiplasmodial activity. The results of this study can be used as a basis for further phytochemical investigations in the search for new and locally affordable antimalarial agents.

scholarly journals Promising potential of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate to enhance tumor response to immunotherapy—a preclinical study using a syngeneic breast cancer model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Guzik ◽  
Klaudia Siwowska ◽  
Hsin-Yu Fang ◽  
Susan Cohrs ◽  
Peter Bernhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Median Survival Time ◽  
Therapy Outcome ◽  
Minor Effect

Abstract Purpose It was previously demonstrated that radiation effects can enhance the therapy outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this study, a syngeneic breast tumor mouse model was used to investigate the effect of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate as an immune stimulus to enhance anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy. Methods In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to characterize NF9006 breast tumor cells with regard to folate receptor (FR) expression and the possibility of tumor targeting using [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate. A preclinical therapy study was performed over 70 days with NF9006 tumor-bearing mice that received vehicle only (group A); [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate (5 MBq; 3.5 Gy absorbed tumor dose; group B); anti-CTLA-4 antibody (3 × 200 μg; group C), or both agents (group D). The mice were monitored regarding tumor growth over time and signs indicating adverse events of the treatment. Results [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate bound specifically to NF9006 tumor cells and tissue in vitro and accumulated in NF9006 tumors in vivo. The treatment with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate or an anti-CTLA-4 antibody had only a minor effect on NF9006 tumor growth and did not substantially increase the median survival time of mice (23 day and 19 days, respectively) as compared with untreated controls (12 days). [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate sensitized, however, the tumors to anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy, which became obvious by reduced tumor growth and, hence, a significantly improved median survival time of mice (> 70 days). No obvious signs of adverse effects were observed in treated mice as compared with untreated controls. Conclusion Application of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-folate had a positive effect on the therapy outcome of anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy. The results of this study may open new perspectives for future clinical translation of folate radioconjugates.

scholarly journals Reconstituted spray-dried phenytoin-loaded nanocapsules improve the in vivo phenytoin anticonvulsant effect and the survival time in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 551 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilene Gadelha de Oliveira ◽  
Aline Marquez Cardoso ◽  
Karina Paese ◽  
Karine Coradini ◽  
Clarissa Vasconcelos de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Spray Dried

scholarly journals Antimalarial activity of hydromethanolic extract and its solvent fractions of Vernonia amygdalina leaves in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211984976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Bihonegn ◽  
Mirutse Giday ◽  
Getnet Yimer ◽  
Abebe Animut ◽  
Mekonnen Sisay
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Oral Toxicity

Background: Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Asteraceae) is reported to be traditionally used for the treatment of malaria. Based on folkloric repute of this plant in Ethiopian traditional medicine and crude extract-based ethnopharmacological studies conducted in few countries, this study was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo antimalarial activity of 80% methanol extract and its solvent fractions of the leaves of V. amygdalina in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Methods: A 4-day suppressive test was conducted on mice infected with P. berghei to find out antimalarial effect of chloroform, butanol and aqueous fractions obtained from the 80% methanol crude extract. In all the activity tests, mice were randomly assigned in five groups (three tests and two controls) of six animals in each and received respective treatments. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Results: Acute oral toxicity test showed that all solvent fractions of the leaves of V. amygdalina revealed neither mortality nor overt signs of toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg. This study indicated that the percentage parasitemia suppression of 80% methanol extract was 32.47% (±2.65), 35.40% (±3.14) and 37.67% (±2.50) at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, respectively. All doses of the 80% methanol extract of V. amygdalina prolonged survival time and prevented weight loss and packed cell volume reduction in infected mice. All doses of chloroform and butanol fractions significantly suppressed parasitemia (p < 0.05), increased survival time (p < 0.05) compared to negative control and exhibited a significant reduction in rectal temperature (p < 0.05). All solvent fractions significantly prevented weight loss (p < 0.05) at all tested doses. The 80% methanol extract and chloroform and butanol fractions significantly (p < 0.05) prevented further reduction in rectal temperature of P. berghei-infected mice at all doses. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of V. amygdalina demonstrated promising antimalarial activity. The study corroborated the folklore use of this plant for the treatment of malaria in ethnomedicine in Ethiopia.

Brain serotonin depletion attenuates heatstroke-induced cerebral ischemia and cell death in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 680-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Y. Kao ◽  
M. T. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Serotonin Release ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Serotonin Depletion

To explore the importance of brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) in the heatstroke-induced cerebral ischemia and neuronal injury, we evaluated the effects of heatstroke on brain serotonin release, survival time, cerebral hemodynamic changes, and neuronal cell damage in rats with or without brain serotonin depletion produced by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. In vivo voltammetry was used to measure changes in extracellular concentrations of serotonin in the anterior hypothalamus, striatum, and frontal cortex. After the onset of heatstroke, rats without brain serotonin depletion displayed hyperthermia, decreased mean arterial pressure, increased intracranial pressure, decreased cerebral perfusion pressure, decreased cerebral blood flow, increased cerebral serotonin release, and increased cerebral neuronal damage compared with those of normothermic control rats. However, when the cerebral serotonin system was destroyed by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, the heatstroke-induced arterial hypotension, intracranial hypertension, ischemic damage to the brain, and elevated cerebral serotonin release were reduced. In addition, the survival time of the heatstroke rats was prolonged after the depletion of brain serotonin. The data indicate that brain serotonin depletion attenuates heatstroke-induced cerebral ischemia and cell death in rats.

scholarly journals In vivo survival studies of 51Cr-labeled methyl acetimidate treated erythrocytes in patients with sickle cell disease

Blood ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG Gabuzda ◽  
TL Chao ◽  
MR Berenfeld ◽  
T Gelbart
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Survival Studies ◽  
Circulating Antibody

Abstract Studies of the survival time of 51Cr labeled erythrocytes treated in vitro with methyl acetimidate (MAI) were conducted in 13 patients with sickle cell disease in order to assess the suitability of this antisickling agent for more extensive clinical testing. In comparison with previously measured control values (average t1/2 8.4 +/- 1.1 days a), the survival time of the treated erythrocytes in 10 of the patients who were not transfused was initially prolonged (average t1/2 24.4 +/- 4.6 days). However, 5 of the 13 patients studied developed circulating antibody against the MAI treated erythrocytes, markedly reducing the survival time of MAI treated erythrocytes in subsequent studies. Two patients, each challenged 3 times with infused MAI treated erythrocytes, failed to show evidence of antibody production, suggesting that not all subjects become immunized even after repeated exposure. In spite of many other promising properties of MAI as an antisickling agent of potential value, consideration of its use in further clinical testing must depend on successful avoidance of immunization in patients receiving infusions of treated erythrocytes.

scholarly journals ANTITUBERCULOUS IMMUNITY INDUCED IN MICE BY VACCINATION WITH LIVING CULTURES OF ATTENUATED TUBERCLE BACILLI

1953 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
René J. Dubos ◽  
Cynthia H. Pierce ◽  
Werner B. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Small Dose ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Attenuation Characteristic ◽  
Prolongation Of Life

The immunity induced in mice by vaccination with living attenuated cultures of tubercle bacilli was measured by two criteria. (a) Increase in survival time of the vaccinated animals after infection with a dose of virulent bacilli sufficient to kill all the unvaccinated controls within 10 to 20 days. (b) Difference in the number of living bacilli recovered from the spleen and lungs of vaccinated and normal animals infected with a small dose of virulent bacilli. The level of immunity induced was found to depend upon the extent of multiplication in vivo of the bacilli used for vaccination. This in turn was conditioned by the degree of attenuation characteristic of the bacterial strain used in the preparation of the vaccine, the amount of vaccine injected, the route of vaccination, and the time interval between vaccination and challenge infection. It was possible to prevent or retard the development of immunity by treating the mice in course of immunization with a drug, isoniazid, capable of interrupting the multiplication in vivo of the bacilli used as vaccine. Although immunity regularly developed and lasted for many weeks when the proper conditions of vaccination were used, the immune response was never sufficient to protect the animals against ultimate death from infection with virulent tubercle bacilli. The prolongation of life in the vaccinated mice was not consequent on a direct bactericidal effect but rather on a retarded or interrupted multiplication of the virulent bacilli in vivo. The quantitative bacteriological techniques used in the present study would appear to be of value for the analysis of certain problems of immunity, and for the appraisal of vaccines and techniques of vaccination.

scholarly journals Stochastic growth pattern of untreated human glioblastomas predicts the survival time for patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziwei Ma ◽  
Ben Niu ◽  
Tuan Anh Phan ◽  
Anne Line Stensjøen ◽  
Chibawanye Ene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Stochastic Growth

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Platelet Survival by Different Methods in the Rabbit

Blood ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIRLEY EBBE ◽  
MARIO BALDINI ◽  
JANET DONOVAN
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Sodium Chromate ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Rabbit Platelets

Abstract Four methods for measuring the survival of homologous platelets in rabbits were studied: (1) transfusion of nonradioactive platelet concentrates to thrombocytopenic recipients, (2) transfusion of concentrates of platelets labeled in vitro with Cr51-sodium chromate, (3) transfusion of concentrates of platelets labeled in vivo with P32-orthophosphate and (4) transfusion of whole blood labeled in vivo with P32-orthophosphate. The survival time of platelets in normal rabbits was 3-4 days. From comparison of the 3 methods using platelet concentrates, the following conclusions were drawn. (1) All the platelets in a platelet concentrate were capable of recirculating after transfusion. (2) Labeling with P32 or Cr51 did not damage platelets. (3) About one-third of the Cr51 was immediately eluted from viable platelets after they were transfused. (4) Further exchange of the label in vivo did not occur to a significant degree with either Cr51 or P32. (5) Cr51 did not elute from platelets during storage of the platelets. (6) Studies of rabbit platelets had applicability in predicting the behavior of human platelets.

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