Testing the contagious nature of allopreening: bystander ravens are affected by conspecifics’ affiliative interactions

: SARS-CoV 2 is a novel virus strain of Coronavirus, reported in China in late December 2019. Its highly contagious nature in humans has prompted WHO to designate the ongoing pandemic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. At this moment, there is no specific treatment and the therapeutic strategies to deal with the infection are only supportive, and prevention aimed at reducing community transmission. A permanent solution for the pandemic, which has brought the world economy to the edge of collapse, is the need of the hour. This situation has brought intense research in traditional systems of medicine. Indian Traditional System, Ayurveda has a clear concept of the cause and treatment of pandemics. Through this review, information on the potential antiviral traditional medicines along with their immunomodulatory pathways is discussed. We have covered the seven most important Indian traditional plants with antiviral properties :Withaniasomnifera (L.) Dunal(family: Solanaceae),Tinosporacordifolia(Thunb.)Miers (family:Menispermaceae),Phyllanthusemblica L.(family:Euphorbiaceae),Asparagus racemosus L.(family:Liliaceae), Glycyrrhizaglabra L.(family:Fabaceae), Ocimum sanctum L.(family:Lamiaceae) and Azadirachta indica A.Juss(family:Meliaceae)in this review. An attempt is also made to bring into limelight the importance of dietary polyphenol, Quercetin which is a potential drug candidate in the making against the SARS-CoV2 virus.

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Changes in Passengers’ Travel Behavior Due to COVID-19

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147974 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7974

Author(s):

Dong-Gyun Ku ◽

Jung-Sik Um ◽

Young-Ji Byon ◽

Joo-Young Kim ◽

Seung-Jae Lee

Keyword(s):

Travel Behavior ◽

Occupancy Rate ◽

Traffic Patterns ◽

Similar Time ◽

Usage Rate ◽

Contagious Nature ◽

Passenger Volume ◽

Service Rates ◽

Time Periods ◽

Usage Rates

The COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 has changed the way people travel due to its highly contagious nature. In this study, changes in the travel behavior of passengers due to COVID-19 in the first half of 2020 were examined. To determine whether COVID-19 has affected the use of transportation by passengers, paired t-tests were conducted between the passenger volume of private vehicles in Seoul prior to and after the pandemic. Additionally, the passenger occupancy rate of different modes of transportation during the similar time periods were compared and analyzed to identify the changes in monthly usage rate for each mode. In the case of private vehicles and public bicycles, the usage rates have recovered or increased when compared to those of before the pandemic. Conversely, bus and rail passenger service rates have decreased from the previous year before the pandemic. Furthermore, it is found that existing bus and rail users have switched to the private auto mode due to COVID-19. Based on the results, traffic patterns of travelers after the outbreak and implications responding to the pandemic are discussed.

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Relationship between Condylomata and Laryngeal Papillomata

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348948008900521 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 467-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

Cedric A. Quick ◽

R. A. Krzyzek ◽

Susan L. Watts ◽

A. J. Faras

Keyword(s):

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

Human Papilloma Virus Infection ◽

Convincing Evidence ◽

Immunoperoxidase Staining ◽

Stratum Granulosum ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Laryngeal Papilloma ◽

Contagious Nature ◽

Blot Technique ◽

Positive Hybridization

In a survey of 49 papilloma patients accurate maternal condyloma history was obtained in 31 instances and of these, 21 were positive for the presence of condyloma during pregnancy or parturition. Molecular virological studies indicate that positive hybridization could be demonstrated to human papilloma virus 2 in both laryngeal papilloma and condyloma by the Southern blot technique. Immunoperoxidase staining illustrated the presence of virus-related particles only near the surface of the mucous membrane papilloma, which is in contrast to the definite staining of the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum of verrucae. Collectively this provides convincing evidence for an etiological relationship between condyloma acuminata and some laryngeal papillomata. The highly contagious nature of human papilloma virus infection is discussed and the possibility of cesarian section in the presence of active condyloma must be considered.

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Gandhi’s Militant Nonviolence in the Light of Girard’s Mimetic Anthropology

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel12110988 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 988

Author(s):

Wolfgang Palaver

Keyword(s):

Fear Of Death ◽

Mimetic Theory ◽

Rene Girard ◽

Cultural Anthropologist ◽

René Girard ◽

Contagious Nature ◽

Nonviolent Action ◽

God's Grace

Nuclear rivalry, as well as terrorism and the war against terror, exemplify the dangerous escalation of violence that is threatening our world. Gandhi’s militant nonviolence offers a possible alternative that avoids a complacent indifference toward injustice as well as the imitation of violence that leads to its escalation. The French-American cultural anthropologist René Girard discovered mimetic rivalries as one of the main roots of human conflicts, and also highlighted the contagious nature of violence. This article shows that Gandhi shares these basic insights of Girard’s anthropology, which increases the plausibility of his plea for nonviolence. Reading Gandhi with Girard also complements Girard’s mimetic theory by offering an active practice of nonviolence as a response to violent threats, and by broadening the scope of its religious outreach. Gandhi’s reading of the Sermon on Mount not only renounces violence and retaliation like Girard but also underlines the need to actively break with evil. Both Gandhi and Girard also address the religious preconditions of nonviolent action by underlining the need to prefer godly over worldly pursuits, and to overcome the fear of death by God’s grace. This congruence shows that Girard’s anthropology is valid beyond its usual affinity with Judaism and Christianity.

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COVID-19 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES BETWEEN PAKISTANI MEDICAL AND NON-MEDICAL STUDENTS

Journal of University Medical & Dental College ◽

10.37723/jumdc.v12i3.641 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 169-176

Author(s):

Bushra Suhail ◽

Ayesha Masood ◽

Javaria Baig ◽

Sara Mukhtar ◽

Sarah Aftab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Conceptual Knowledge ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Contagious Nature ◽

Positive Attitudes

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: This study investigated medical and non-medical students’ knowledge, attitude, and preparedness regarding COVID-19 pandemic, to groom volunteers and future healthcare providers in a better way. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was completed from April to May 2020 during the first wave of COVID-19. An online questionnaire was distributed using internet and social media (SM). The questionnaire was composed of several parts concerning to demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practices. RESULTS: This study included 1851 students [1041(56.54% medical, 810(43.46%) non-medical students)]. Medical students had significantly better knowledge about the contagious nature, spread and treatment of coronavirus. Non-medical students showed more risky behavior compared to medical students (p = 0.005). The use of masks and the frequency of handwashing was better among medical students as compared to non-medical students (p< 0.001; p< 0.014, respectively). The odds ratio indicates that students of the age group 21-25 years (45%) and medical students (75%) were more likely to have a positive attitude. CONCLUSION: This study revealed good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices towards COVID-19 among medical students. Still, a minority of participants from both groups revealed misconceptions and relatively poor conceptual knowledge regarding the disease.

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A Recovered Case of Massive Pericardial Effusion with Impending Cardiac Tamponade: An Atypical Presentation of COVID-19

Archives of Surgery and Surgical Education ◽

10.24966/asse-3126/100013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Noor-E-Elahi Mozumder ◽

Keyword(s):

Pericardial Effusion ◽

Global Health ◽

Cardiac Tamponade ◽

Atypical Presentation ◽

Contagious Nature ◽

Number Of Patients

COVID-19 became a global health emergency due to its highly contagious nature. A substantial number of patients have been presented in emergency with acute COVID-19 Cardiovascular Syndrome (ACovCS)

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Strategy to track double-J stents placed during COVID-19 using smartphone-based stent tracker application to prevent forgotten double-J stent in a high-volume centre: a smart solution

African Journal of Urology ◽

10.1186/s12301-021-00212-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abhirudra Mulay ◽

Rohit Kapoor ◽

Sonu Sharma ◽

Shashikant Asabe ◽

Hareesh Belagali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Storage ◽

High Volume ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Loss To Follow Up ◽

Regional Language ◽

Contagious Nature ◽

Double J Stent ◽

Paediatric Age ◽

Lost To Follow Up

Abstract Background Forgotten or retained (double-J) DJ stents may lead to several complications. Management of retained DJ stents poses a challenge for urologists not just surgically but also medicolegally and adds to the economic burden of the patient. Difficulty in follow-up for patients due to the contagious nature of COVID-19 and several restrictions posed in the form of lockdown. Smartphones today have become an integral part of our daily lives providing a convenient and reliable platform for data storage and access. Methods All patients requiring placement of DJ stents and agreeing to enrol in the study were registered on the application over the physicians smartphone. SMSs regarding dates for removal of stent and follow-up with the literature regarding stent care were sent to the patients in their regional language. Results A total of 100 patients were stented during this period of 3 months. Mean age was 42.61 years with three patients of paediatric age group. Mean duration of stent was 6 weeks. All patients received periodic messages (average 3) regarding follow-up and date for stent removal. 3%(n = 3) patients were delayed for follow-up; 2% (n = 2) patients lost to follow-up, compared to a 9% to 10% loss to follow-up in patients followed up only on paper discharges in our department previously. Conclusion It significantly reduced the number of physical visits of the patient to the hospital and provided a more streamlined tracking of the indwelling stents for the user; patient compliance was found to be almost 98%; being cloud based (android/iOS), it was easily accessible to the user; and with the option of sharing the account details, the patient record could be accessed by several residents from their individual devices, which significantly reduced loss to follow-up rates from 9 to 2%.

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A Cold Chain-Independent Specimen Collection and Transport Medium Improves Diagnostic Sensitivity and Minimizes Biosafety Challenges of COVID-19 Molecular Diagnosis

Microbiology Spectrum ◽

10.1128/spectrum.01108-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vikram Saini ◽

Priya Kalra ◽

Manish Sharma ◽

Chhavi Rai ◽

Vikas Saini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Diagnosis ◽

Urban Population ◽

Viral Transmission ◽

Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽

Cold Chain ◽

Transport Medium ◽

Contagious Nature ◽

Specimen Collection ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Global Population

Approximately forty-four percent of the global population lives in villages, including 59% in Africa ( https://unhabitat.org/World%20Cities%20Report%202020 ). The fast-evolving nature of SARS-CoV-2 and its extremely contagious nature warrant early and accurate COVID-19 diagnostics across rural and urban population as a key to prevent viral transmission. Unfortunately, lack of adequate infrastructure, including the availability of biosafety-compliant facilities and an end-to-end cold chain availability for COVID-19 molecular diagnosis, limits the accessibility of testing in these countries.

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