The Plausible role of Indian Traditional Medicine in combating Corona Virus (SARS-CoV 2): a mini-review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adithya J ◽  
Bhagyalakshmi Nair ◽  
Aishwarya S ◽  
Lekshmi R. Nath
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Contagious Nature ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Novel Virus

: SARS-CoV 2 is a novel virus strain of Coronavirus, reported in China in late December 2019. Its highly contagious nature in humans has prompted WHO to designate the ongoing pandemic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. At this moment, there is no specific treatment and the therapeutic strategies to deal with the infection are only supportive, and prevention aimed at reducing community transmission. A permanent solution for the pandemic, which has brought the world economy to the edge of collapse, is the need of the hour. This situation has brought intense research in traditional systems of medicine. Indian Traditional System, Ayurveda has a clear concept of the cause and treatment of pandemics. Through this review, information on the potential antiviral traditional medicines along with their immunomodulatory pathways is discussed. We have covered the seven most important Indian traditional plants with antiviral properties :Withaniasomnifera (L.) Dunal(family: Solanaceae),Tinosporacordifolia(Thunb.)Miers (family:Menispermaceae),Phyllanthusemblica L.(family:Euphorbiaceae),Asparagus racemosus L.(family:Liliaceae), Glycyrrhizaglabra L.(family:Fabaceae), Ocimum sanctum L.(family:Lamiaceae) and Azadirachta indica A.Juss(family:Meliaceae)in this review. An attempt is also made to bring into limelight the importance of dietary polyphenol, Quercetin which is a potential drug candidate in the making against the SARS-CoV2 virus.

Myocardial Noncompaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2209-2212
Author(s):  
Alexandru Radu Mihailovici ◽  
Vlad Padureanu ◽  
Carmen Valeria Albu ◽  
Venera Cristina Dinescu ◽  
Mihai Cristian Pirlog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Noncompaction ◽  
Ventricular Noncompaction ◽  
Genetic Transmission ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Left ventricular noncompaction is a primary cardiomyopathy with genetic transmission in the vast majority of autosomal dominant cases. It is characterized by the presence of excessive myocardial trabecularities that generally affect the left ventricle. In diagnosing this condition, echocardiography is the gold standard, although this method involves an increased risk of overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. There are also uncertain cases where echocardiography is inconclusive, a multimodal approach is needed, correlating echocardiographic results with those obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. The clinical picture may range from asymptomatic patients to patients with heart failure, supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias, thromboembolic events and even sudden cardiac death. There is no specific treatment of left ventricular noncompaction, but the treatment is aimed at preventing and treating the complications of the disease. We will present the case of a young patient with left ventricular noncompactioncardiomyopathy and highlight the essential role of transthoracic echocardiography in diagnosing this rare heart disease.

scholarly journals Cellular and mitochondrial mechanisms of atrial fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fleur E. Mason ◽  
Julius Ryan D. Pronto ◽  
Khaled Alhussini ◽  
Christoph Maack ◽  
Niels Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Atp Production

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common form of arrhythmia, are poorly understood and therefore target-specific treatment options remain an unmet clinical need. Excitation–contraction coupling in cardiac myocytes requires high amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is replenished by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Calcium (Ca2+) is a key regulator of mitochondrial function by stimulating the Krebs cycle, which produces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for ATP production at the electron transport chain and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate for the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While it is now well established that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure, this has been less investigated in atrial myocytes in AF. Considering the high prevalence of AF, investigating the role of mitochondria in this disease may guide the path towards new therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the importance of mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in regulating ATP production and mitochondrial ROS emission and how alterations, particularly in these aspects of mitochondrial activity, may play a role in AF. In addition to describing research advances, we highlight areas in which further studies are required to elucidate the role of mitochondria in AF.

A Review on the Anti-Viral Activity of Houttuynia cordata: A Possible Herb for the Management and Treatment of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Emdormi Rymbai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Plants are an important source of natural products and they play a vital role in the field of medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical science. Traditional medicines have been practiced and used for thousands of years, mostly in Asian countries, where plants are the main sources of medicine. Houttuynia cordata, a herb that belongs to the family Saururaceae, has a wide range of pharmacological activities and is used traditionally in conditions like anisolobis sores, heatstroke, lung carbuncles, malaria, scrotal abscess, tonsillitis, salammoniac poison and has also been widely accepted to possess anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-hypertension, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, antibacterial, anti-viral and anti-purulent activity. Moreover, it is one of the herbs that was recognized during pandemic outbreaks, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS CoV) in China, virulent Newcastle Disease Virus (VNDV) in Java (Indonesia) and Newcastle (England). In this review, we briefly discuss the role of H. cordata as an anti-viral agent and the possibility of developing a dosage form against Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).

Cultural Education towards Exclusivism. Or, the Role of Education in shaping Exclusivism

DIALOGO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-109
Author(s):  
Tudor-Cosmin Ciocan ◽  
Constantin Cucos ◽  
Maria Ciocan
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Education ◽  
Radical Pedagogy ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
The Way

The way in which the “traditional” system of education ends up deflecting people's attention from the things that make us, human beings, a whole, a species, and a unity, is constantly and ascendingly challenged and thought against. Currently, we need to find out what features of the former educational system, especially those institutionalized, maintained by the school and society, are highlighted here to be eliminated and what is their authentic value in the system. In the present approach, we will refer, as an example, to religious education. These characteristics that we intend to discuss here do not target a “radical” pedagogy but question the educational system in relation to the inclusion-exclusion binomial. The stereotype, bias, and pretentious choices strained by exclusivism through education actually dehumanize us and stress on features that do not honor us. Is it possible to ever lose them along with all their harmful social consequences?

PROTECTIVE ROLE OF FICUS RACEMOSA IN DIABETES INDUCED NEUROPATHY: STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL EVIDENCES

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
N Solanki ◽  
◽  
S. K Bhavsar
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Ficus Racemosa ◽  
Dose Dependent

Ficus racemosa is used in traditional system of medicine for various health problems and diseases, and is commonly known as Gular fig. The main objective was to study its effects against streptozotocin induced diabetic neuropathy by structural and functional marker. Investigation of diabetic neuropathy was carried out through functional and structural assessment in streptozotocin induced in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were treated for 28 days in dose dependent manner of Ficus racemosa aqueous extract (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). Study showed marked protection observed by Ficus racemosa in hippocampus region of brain and sciatic nerve tissues. Ficus racemosa treatment showed improvement in functional and structural markers, which strongly suggest its protective role in diabetic neuropathy.

scholarly journals SIR Model for Dengue Disease with Effect of Dengue Vaccination

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratchaya Chanprasopchai ◽  
I. Ming Tang ◽  
Puntani Pongsumpun
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
Dengue Vaccine ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Modelling Methods

The dengue disease is caused by dengue virus, and there is no specific treatment. The medical care by experienced physicians and nurses will save life and will lower the mortality rate. A dengue vaccine to control the disease is available in Thailand since late 2016. A mathematical model would be an important way to analyze the effects of the vaccination on the transmission of the disease. We have formulated an SIR (susceptible-infected-recovered) model of the transmission of the disease which includes the effect of vaccination and used standard dynamical modelling methods to analyze the effects. The equilibrium states and their stabilities are investigated. The trajectories of the numerical solutions plotted into the 2D planes and 3D spaces are presented. The main contribution is determining the role of dengue vaccination in the model. From the analysis, we find that there is a significant reduction in the total hospitalization time needed to treat the illness.

scholarly journals The role of masks in reducing the risk of new waves of COVID-19 in low transmission settings: a modeling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn M Stuart ◽  
Romesh G Abeysuriya ◽  
Cliff C Kerr ◽  
Dina Mistry ◽  
Daniel J Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Policy Environment ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Low Transmission ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Community Transmission

Objectives: To evaluate the risk of a new wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a setting with ongoing low transmission, high mobility, and an effective test-and-trace system, under different assumptions about mask uptake. Design: We used a stochastic agent-based microsimulation model to create multiple simulations of possible epidemic trajectories that could eventuate over a five-week period following prolonged low levels of community transmission. Setting: We calibrated the model to the epidemiological and policy environment in New South Wales, Australia, at the end of August 2020. Participants: None Intervention: From September 1, 2020, we ran the stochastic model with the same initial conditions (i.e., those prevailing at August 31, 2020), and analyzed the outputs of the model to determine the probability of exceeding a given number of new diagnoses and active cases within five weeks, under three assumptions about future mask usage: a baseline scenario of 30% uptake, a scenario assuming no mask usage, and a scenario assuming mandatory mask usage with near-universal uptake (95%). Main outcome measure: Probability of exceeding a given number of new diagnoses and active cases within five weeks. Results: The policy environment at the end of August is sufficient to slow the rate of epidemic growth, but may not stop the epidemic from growing: we estimate a 20% chance that NSW will be diagnosing at least 50 new cases per day within five weeks from the date of this analysis. Mandatory mask usage would reduce this to 6-9%. Conclusions: Mandating the use of masks in community settings would significantly reduce the risk of epidemic resurgence.

scholarly journals Tinospora cordifolia Enhances Vyadhikshamatwa (immunity) in Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-230
Author(s):  
Devasya Narayana Sharma ◽  
◽  
Ajitha Sharma ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Total Leucocyte Count ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The immune system in children is constantly developing and they are at an increased risk of infections. It is vital to help enhance immunity by vaccination but more people are turning towards traditional medicines today. The vast flora of the world offers newer options to this effect and is worth exploring. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) is one such plant which has been traditionally used for various health conditions and is also proven to be an immunomodulator. Objective: To evaluate the role of Tinospora cordifolia in status of Vyadhikshamatwa (immunity) in children. Materials and Methods: An open-labelled, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 400 children aged 1-15 years, with 200 each in control and test groups. Study drug and placebo were administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight twice daily with honey for 2 months. Response was assessed by total leucocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte percentage and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). Results were analysed statistically using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for intra-group comparisons and unpaired t-test for intergroup comparisons using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Results: The test drug showed statistically significant increase in TLC (P<0.001), ALC (P<0.001) and lymphocyte percentage (P<0.001) as compared to placebo. Also the rate of infections in the trial group were significantly lesser during the study period (P<0.001). Conclusion: Tinospora cordifolia significantly improves immunity in children and can be used as an adjuvant to vaccination.

scholarly journals Survey and Documentation of Ethnobotanicals used in the Traditional Medicines System of Tribal Communities of Chirang District of Assam Against Helminthiasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1923-1935
Author(s):  
Ananta Swargiary ◽  
Mritunjoy Kumar Roy ◽  
Manita Daimari
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Ancient Times

Ethnobotanical knowledge has been the backbone of rural healthcare since ancient times. Many diseases including helminthiasis are cured by traditional medicine in many parts of the world. The present study aims at exploring the ethnobotanicals used as anthelmintic medicines by the tribal communities of Chirang district of Assam. The present study was conducted in different villages under Chirang district of Assam, India. A face-to-face interview was carried out during survey work along with readymade questionnaire. In our survey work, 20 neighbouring villages were taken as a single cluster and one sample informant was collected. Information regarding the plant and plant parts used, methodology of use as well as informant demography such as age, sex, education was also collected. A total of 20 villages were surveyed and information was gathered from 27 informants, 23 kaviraja and 4 elderly people, 15 male and 12 female. The information collected revealed 43 medicinal plants belonging to 27 families. Lamiaceae was found to be most common family followed by Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Zutaceae and Zingiberaceae. The most highly cited plants were Ananas comosus, Andrographis paniculata, Asparagus racemosus, Alstonia scholaris and Leucas aspera. Leaves, fruits and tubers were found to be the most commonly used plant parts. Except few, most of the herbal medicines were prepared as raw materials and are consumed orally. Documentation of important ethnomedicinal information from the remote areas of Assam will help scientific investigators to look into its scientific aspect leading to the development of new medicines against helminthiasis and many other diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of C-reactive Protein in Patient Risk Stratification and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Arroyo-Espliguero ◽  
María C Viana-Llamas ◽  
Alberto Silva-Obregón ◽  
Pablo Avanzas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker ◽  
Reactive Protein

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Several circulating inflammatory markers have been proposed for clinical use due to their ability to predict future cardiovascular events and may be useful for identifying people at high risk who might benefit from specific treatment to reduce this risk. Moreover, the identification of new therapeutic targets will allow the development of drugs that can help reduce the high residual risk of recurrence of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. The clinical benefits of reducing recurrent major cardiovascular events recently shown by canakinumab and colchicine have renewed the cardiology community’s interest in inflammation as an aetiopathogenic mechanism for atherosclerosis. This review explores the use of C-reactive protein, which is the most frequently studied biomarker in this context; the concept of residual risk in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention; and the current recommendations in international guidelines regarding the role of this inflammatory biomarker in cardiovascular risk stratification.

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