Dietary chenodeoxycholic acid improves growth performance and intestinal health by altering serum metabolic profiles and gut bacteria in weaned piglets

This study was conducted to compare the effect of raw (WB) or mixed fungi-fermented wheat bran (FWB) on the growth, nutrient digestibility and intestinal health in weaned piglets.

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Effects of Yucca Shidigera Extract and Candida Utilis on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets

10.21203/rs.3.rs-112917/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhenguo Yang ◽

Yao Wang ◽

Tianle He ◽

Ziema Bumbie Gifty ◽

Zhihong Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Candida Utilis ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Good Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Cecal Microflora

Abstract BackgroundEconomic benefit is an important goal pursued by animal husbandry industry. The emergence of antibiotics has promoted the development of animal husbandry, but many problems caused by the abuse of antibiotics have caused concerns about the use of antibiotics from all walks of life. Therefore, it is imperative to find alternatives to antibiotics. A large number of studies have shown that plant extracts and probiotics have certain potential in improving animal growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Yucca Shidigera Extract (YSE) and Candida Utilis (CU) on weaned piglets. We compared and evaluated the effects of YSE and CU on weaned piglets from the aspects of growth performance, immunity, antioxidant function, ileal morphology and microflora changes. Forty 28-day-old healthy weaned piglets (Rongchang pig×Landrace×Large white) were randomly divided into 4 treatments: (1) control group (CON); (2) CU; (3) YSE; (4) CU+YSE. ResultsOur results showed that YSE and CU improved the growth performance by significantly increasing final weight, average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05), and there is decreasing trend of feed/gain ratio (P=0.087). The effect of adding YSE or CU alone on growth performance had little difference, and the effect of oral CU was slightly better than that of adding YSE. At the same time, the combination of YSE and CU had a good effect on reducing the diarrhea rate. In addition, both YSE and CU increased the diversity of cecal microflora, and CU increased the diversity more significantly, but did not change the dominant microflora of cecum. We also found that the addition of YSE and CU could maintain the structural integrity of intestinal tissue and regulate intestinal pH, to maintain the level of intestinal-associated immune proteins. At the same time, YSE and CU have certain benefits in regulating intestinal flora. ConclusionYSE and CU can improve the growth performance, reduce the diarrhea rate, improve intestinal health, and increase the diversity and abundance of cecal microflora in weaned piglets. Therefore, they are expected to be used as probiotics in the production of weaned piglets.

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Dietary Moutan Cortex Radicis Improves Serum Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Immunity and Alters Colonic Microbiota in Weaned Piglets

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.679129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Miaomiao Bai ◽

Hongnan Liu ◽

Shanshan Wang ◽

Qingyan Shu ◽

Kang Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Moutan Cortex

Background:Moutan cortex radicis (MCR), as a common traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used as an antipyretic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory agent in China.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary MCR supplementation on the antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of the pigs and to explore whether MCR exerts positive effects on intestinal health via regulating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and intestinal microbiota.Methods: MCR powder was identified by LC-MS analysis. Selected 32 weaned piglets (21 d of age, 6.37 ± 0.10 kg average BW) were assigned (8 pens/diet, 1 pig/pen) to 4 groups and fed with a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 mg/kg MCR for 21 d. After the piglets were sacrificed, antioxidant indices, histomorphology examination, and inflammatory signaling pathway expression were assessed. The 16s RNA sequencing was used to analyze the effects of MCR on the intestinal microbiota structure of piglets.Results: Supplemental 4,000 mg/kg MCR significantly increased (P < 0.05) the average daily weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), total antioxidative capability, colonic short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations, and the crypt depth in the jejunum but decreased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression levels of interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, inhibiting kappa-B kinase β (IKKβ), inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B (IκBα), and NF-κB in the jejunum and ileum. Microbiota sequencing identified that MCR supplementation significantly increased the microbial richness indices (Chao1, ACE, and observed species, P < 0.05) and the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus (P < 0.05), decreased the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae, and Enterococcus (P < 0.05) and had no significant effects on the diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson, P > 0.05). Microbial metabolic phenotypes analysis also showed that the richness of aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria, oxidative stress tolerance, and biofilm forming were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the richness of anaerobic bacteria and pathogenic potential of gut microbiota were reduced (P < 0.05) by MCR treatment. Regression analysis showed that the optimal MCR supplemental level for growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of weaned piglets was 3,420 ~ 4,237 mg/kg.Conclusions: MCR supplementation improved growth performance and serum antioxidant capacity, and alleviated intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway and affecting intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets.

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Effects of dietary calcium pyruvate on gastrointestinal tract development, intestinal health and growth performance of newly weaned piglets fed low‐protein diets

Journal of Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1111/jam.14494 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 128 (2) ◽

pp. 355-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Wan ◽

Y. Li ◽

W. Sun ◽

R. An ◽

Z. Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Low Protein ◽

Protein Diets

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Effects of Dietary Yucca Schidigera Extract and Oral Candida utilis on Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.685540 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Zhenguo Yang ◽

Yao Wang ◽

Tianle He ◽

Gifty Ziema Bumbie ◽

Liuting Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Candida Utilis ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Villus Height ◽

Urine Ph ◽

Crypt Depth ◽

Yucca Schidigera ◽

Cecal Microflora

Weaning piglets experienced the transformation from breast milk to solid feed and present the proliferation of pathogens, the presence of diarrhea, poor growth performance and even death. Plant extracts and probiotics have certain potential in improving animal growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of dietary yucca schidigera extract (YSE) and oral Candida utilis (CU) on growth performance and intestinal health weaned piglets. According to a 2 × 2 factorial design with the main factors being CU (orally administered 1 mL of 0.85% saline with or without CU; fed basal diet with or without 120 mg/kg YSE), forty 28 d healthy weaned piglets were randomly allocated into four groups of 10 barrows each: (1) piglets fed basal diet and orally administered 1 mL of 0.85% saline (CON); (2) piglets fed basal diet and orally administered 1 mL 1 × 109 cfu/mL C. utilis in 0.85% saline (CU); (3) piglets fed the basal diet containing YSE (120 mg/kg) and orally administered 1 mL of 0.85% saline (YSE); (4) Piglets fed the basal diet containing 120 mg/kg YSE and 1 mL 1 × 109 cfu/mL C. utilis in 0.85% saline (YSE+CU). This study lasted 28 days and evaluated the effects of dietary YSE and oral CU on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant function, ileal morphology, and intestinal microflora in weaned piglets. Dietary YSE increased ADG, the spleen and lymph node indexes, serum GLU, BUN, T-SOD, T-AOC, CAT concentrations, ileal villus height and villus height/crypt depth, jejunal occludin, and β-definsin-2 concentrations and ileal occludin concentration in weaned piglets (P < 0.05); decreased the diarrhea rate and mortality, rectal pH and urine pH, the BUN and MDA concentrations, crypt depth (P < 0.05); improved the diversity of cecal microflora. Orally CU increased ADG, and ADFI, the T-SOD, T-AOC, and CAT activity, ileal villus height, villus height/crypt depth, jejunum occludin, and β-definsin-2 concentrations (P < 0.05); reduced the diarrhea rate and mortality, urine pH, the BUN and MDA concentrations, crypt depth (P < 0.05); improved the diversity of cecal microflora. Dietary YSE and orally CU increased the T-SOD, T-AOC, and CAT activity, villus height/crypt depth, jejunal occludin concentration; reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets by 28%, gastric pH, ileal pH, cecal pH and urine pH, MDA, crypt depth; improved the diversity of cecal microflora. YSE and CU could improve the growth performance, reduce the diarrhea rate, improve intestinal health, and increase the diversity and abundance of cecal microflora in weaned piglets and expected to be used as antibiotics alternative feed additives in the production of weaned piglets.

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Effects of Chinese herbal ultra-fine powder as a dietary additive on growth performance, serum metabolites and intestinal health in early-weaned piglets

Livestock Science ◽

10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.079 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 108 (1-3) ◽

pp. 272-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

X.F. Kong ◽

G.Y. Wu ◽

Y.P. Liao ◽

Z.P. Hou ◽

H.J. Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Fine Powder ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Serum Metabolites ◽

Chinese Herbal

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Dietary supplementation of chenodeoxycholic acid improved the growth performance, immune response and intestinal health of juvenile Penaeus monodon fed a low fish-meal diet

Aquaculture Reports ◽

10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100773 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 100773

Author(s):

Shiwei Xie ◽

Dan Wei ◽

Lixia Tian ◽

Yongjian Liu

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Intestinal Health

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Comparative Effects of Compound Enzyme and Antibiotics on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Biochemical Index, and Intestinal Health in Weaned Pigs

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.768767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zhiqing Li ◽

Lizi Tang ◽

Nian Liu ◽

Fan Zhang ◽

Xiang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Enzyme Preparation ◽

Early Stage ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Villus Height ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Compound Enzyme

This experiment aims to explore the effects of compound enzyme preparation substituting chlortetracycline on growth performance, serum immune markers, and antioxidant capacity and intestinal health in weaned piglets. A total of twenty-four 28-day-old “Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire” weaned piglets with an average initial weight of 7.25 ± 0.25 kg were randomly divided into three groups according to their body weight, with eight replicates in each group and one pig in each replicate. The three dietary treatments were basal diet (CON), basal diet + 1,000 mg/kg compound enzyme preparation (cellulase 4,000 IU/g, α-amylase 1,000 IU/g, β-glucanase 150 IU/g, and neutral protease 3,000 IU/g, CE), and basal diet + 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline (CTC). The animal experiment lasted for 28 days and was divided into two stages: the early stage (0–14 days) and the late stage (15–28 days). The results showed that (1) compared with the CON, the CE and CTC significantly increased the ADG of weaned piglets during the early and whole period of experiment (p < 0.05), decreased the F:G in the whole experiment period (p < 0.05), and diarrhea rate in the early stage (p < 0.01). (2) Compared with the CON, the apparent total tract digestibility of ADF and NDF was significantly increased in pigs fed the CE diet in the early and late stages of experiment (p < 0.05) with no significant difference compared with the CTC. (3) Compared with the CON, the concentrations of serum IgA and SOD in weaned piglets were significantly increased in the CE group in the early stage of the experiment (p < 0.05). (4) Compared with the CON group, the acetic acid, propionic acid, and total VFA contents in cecum and colon segments were elevated in the CE group (p < 0.05) with no significant difference compared with the CTC. (5) Compared with the CON group, the villus height of duodenum and jejunum and the ratio of villus height to recess depth of ileum were increased in the CE and CTC group (p < 0.05). (6) Compared with the CON group, the abundance of Lactobacillus significantly increased (p < 0.01) while the abundance of Escherichia coli decreased in the CE group and CTC group (p < 0.01). In conclusion, CE preparation instead of CTC can significantly improve the nutrient digestibility, the immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of pigs, which may contribute to the improved growth performance of piglets.

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Effects of Dietary Starch Structure on Growth Performance, Serum Glucose–Insulin Response, and Intestinal Health in Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10030543 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 543

Author(s):

Xiaoqian Gao ◽

Bing Yu ◽

Jie Yu ◽

Xiangbing Mao ◽

Zhiqing Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Mrna Level ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Jejunal Mucosa ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Glucose Transporter 1 ◽

Starch Structure ◽

Dietary Starch

To investigate the effects of dietary starch structure (amylose/amylopectin ratio, AR) on serum glucose absorption metabolism and intestinal health, a total of ninety weaned piglets (Duroc × (Yorkshire × Landrace)) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments and fed with a diet containing different AR (2.90, 1.46, 0.68, 0.31, and 0.14). The trial lasted for 21 d. In this study, the growth performance was not affected by the dietary starch structure (p > 0.05). Diets with higher amylose ratios (i.e., AR 2.90 and 1.46) led to a significant reduction of the serum glucose concentration at 3 h post-prandium (p < 0.01), while high amylopectin diets (AR 0.31 and 0.14) significantly elevated The expression of gene s at this time point (p < 0.01). High amylopectin diets also increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and crude ash (p < 0.001). Interestingly, diet rich in amylose (AR 2.90) significantly elevated the butyric acid content (p < 0.05) and decreased the pH value (p < 0.05) in the cecal digesta. In contrast, diet rich in amylopectin (i.e., AR 0.14) significantly elevated the total bacteria populations in the cecal digesta (p < 0.001). Moreover, a high amylopectin diet (AR 0.14) tended to elevate the mRNA level of fatty acid synthase (FAS, p = 0.083), but significantly decreased the mRNA level of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1, p < 0.05) in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa, respectively. These results suggested that blood glucose and insulin concentrations were improved in high AR diets, and the diet also helped to maintain the intestinal health.

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