scholarly journals In vitro comparison of currently available and investigational antiviral agents against pathogenic human double-stranded DNA viruses: A systematic literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy F. Chemaly ◽  
Joshua A. Hill ◽  
Sebastian Voigt ◽  
Karl S. Peggs
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
In Vitro Comparison

scholarly journals The Changing Face of in vitro Culture Models for Thyroid Cancer Research: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Chew ◽  
Victoria Green ◽  
Andrew Riley ◽  
Richard James England ◽  
John Greenman
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Culture Models

scholarly journals Cryo-EM structure and in vitro DNA packaging of a thermophilic virus with supersized T=7 capsids

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 3556-3561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver W. Bayfield ◽  
Evgeny Klimuk ◽  
Dennis C. Winkler ◽  
Emma L. Hesketh ◽  
Maria Chechik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Thermus Thermophilus ◽  
Dna Packaging ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Portal Protein ◽  
Single Vertex ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Β Sheets

Double-stranded DNA viruses, including bacteriophages and herpesviruses, package their genomes into preformed capsids, using ATP-driven motors. Seeking to advance structural and mechanistic understanding, we established in vitro packaging for a thermostable bacteriophage, P23-45 of Thermus thermophilus. Both the unexpanded procapsid and the expanded mature capsid can package DNA in the presence of packaging ATPase over the 20 °C to 70 °C temperature range, with optimum activity at 50 °C to 65 °C. Cryo-EM reconstructions for the mature and immature capsids at 3.7-Å and 4.4-Å resolution, respectively, reveal conformational changes during capsid expansion. Capsomer interactions in the expanded capsid are reinforced by formation of intersubunit β-sheets with N-terminal segments of auxiliary protein trimers. Unexpectedly, the capsid has T=7 quasi-symmetry, despite the P23-45 genome being twice as large as those of known T=7 phages, in which the DNA is compacted to near-crystalline density. Our data explain this anomaly, showing how the canonical HK97 fold has adapted to double the volume of the capsid, while maintaining its structural integrity. Reconstructions of the procapsid and the expanded capsid defined the structure of the single vertex containing the portal protein. Together with a 1.95-Å resolution crystal structure of the portal protein and DNA packaging assays, these reconstructions indicate that capsid expansion affects the conformation of the portal protein, while still allowing DNA to be packaged. These observations suggest a mechanism by which structural events inside the capsid can be communicated to the outside.

scholarly journals Can Anorectal Atresia Be Diagnosed in the First Trimester of Pregnancy? A Systematic Literature Review

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Liana Ples ◽  
Radu Chicea ◽  
Mircea-Octavian Poenaru ◽  
Adrian Neacsu ◽  
Romina Marina Sima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Anorectal Atresia ◽  
Abdominal Cyst ◽  
First Trimester Scan

Anorectal atresia (ARA) is a common congenital anomaly, but prenatal diagnosis is difficult, late, and unspecific. Utilizing a case of a 46 year old primipara with an egg donation In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) pregnancy, diagnosed at the first trimester scan with an anechoic isolated structure, which indicates anal atresia, we performed a systematic literature review in order to evaluate early prenatal ARA diagnosis. A total of 16 cases were reported as first trimester ARA suspicion, and only three had no associated anomalies. The most frequent ultrasound (US) sign was the presence of a cystic, anechoic pelvic structure of mainly tubular shape, or a plain abdominal cyst. In the majority of cases, structures were thin-walled and delimitated from the bladder. The presence of hyperechoic spots signifying enterolithiasis and peristaltic movements were helpful in order to establish the bowel origin of the lesion. Considering the high eventuality that the lesion is transitory, meaning later in pregnancy the fetus looks normal, early detection of such a sign should prompt further structural detailed evaluation, karyotyping, and appropriate pregnancy and postnatal counselling.

scholarly journals Ethiopian medicinal plants used for their anti-inflammatory, wound healing or anti-infective activities: protocol for systematic literature review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e100064
Author(s):  
Dereje Nigussie ◽  
Belete Adefris Legesse ◽  
Gail Davey ◽  
Abebaw Fekadu ◽  
Eyasu Makonnen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

ObjectivesMedicinal plants are used globally as alternative medicines in the management of a range of disease conditions and are widely accepted across differing societies. Ethiopia hosts a large number of plant species (>7000 higher plant species), of which around 12% are thought to be endemic, making it a rich source of plant extracts potentially useful for human health. The aim of this review is to evaluate Ethiopian medicinal plants for their anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antifungal or antibacterial activities.Methods and analysisThe guidance of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement will be used. This review will consider all controlled studies of anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties (both in vivo and in vitro) and in vitro anti-infective properties of medicinal plants found in Ethiopia. Data sources will be EMBASE, PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar. Guidance documents on good in vitro methods and checklists for reporting in vitro studies will be used for quality assessment of in vitro studies. The risk of bias tool for animal intervention studies (the SYRCLE RoB tool) will be used to assess the validity of studies. The main outcomes will be percent inhibition of inflammation, time of epithelisation and tissue tensile strength in wounds and microbial growth inhibition.Ethics and disseminationThe findings of this systematic review will be disseminated by publishing in a peer-reviewed journal and via conference presentations. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Research Governance & Ethics Committee (RGEC) and Addis Ababa University, College of Health Science, Institutional Review Board.PROSPERO registration numberThis systematic literature review has been registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019127471).

scholarly journals Efektivitas Agen Pendeplesi GSH pada Sitotoksisitas Cisplatin terhadap Sel Kanker: Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Elisa Tri Oktaviyana ◽  
Wahyu Utami
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Head Neck Cancer ◽  
Chemotherapy Agent ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Inactive Metabolite ◽  
Optimal Effect

Cisplatin is one of chemotherapy agent for long cancer, ovarium cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, head-neck cancer. However, in the fact, the role of cisplatin does not always provide an optimal effect because it often appears cancer cell resistance phenomenon to cisplatin. This resistance condition occurs partly due to the inactive metabolite cause of conjugation reaction between cisplatin and GSH in cancer cells. Therefore, gluthathione (GSH) has an important role in controlling cisplatin resistance. This study aims to analyze some combination of cisplatin and the depletion agent of gluthathione (GSH) as a support for cisplatin activity in several types of cancer cells within in vitro scope. This study is prepared using systematic literature review method. Library search were carried out on two accredited international journals databases, namely PubMed and Science Direct with interval years of publication in 2011-2020. From 10 selected journals, it was shown that the use of GSH depletion agents could enhance the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin. This was analyzed based on data of the number measured GSH cells and the number of living cells (% cell viability) which gave a significant decrease. The result of research are expected to be able to provide information for the development of therapeutic agents on cisplatin as chemotherapy.

Brincidofovir: understanding its unique profile and potential role against adenovirus and other viral infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio J Alvarez-Cardona ◽  
Laura K Whited ◽  
Roy F Chemaly
Keyword(s):  
Safety Profile ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Oral Formulation ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplant ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Double Stranded Dna

Brincidofovir (BCV) is a lipid conjugate of cidofovir with good oral bioavailability, enabling optimal intracellular levels of the active drug. Lower rates of nephrotoxicity and myelotoxicity make it a favorable alternative. Despite a greater safety profile among pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, the oral formulation has been associated with increased gastrointestinal toxicity in adult hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Oral BCV continues to be developed as a countermeasure against smallpox, while a potentially safer intravenous preparation has been out licensed to another company. BCV has demonstrated great in vitro potency against double-stranded DNA viruses, especially adenovirus. Because of its importance for immunocompromised patients, this review aims to evaluate BCV’s clinical and safety profile to support its continued development.

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