Efektivitas Agen Pendeplesi GSH pada Sitotoksisitas Cisplatin terhadap Sel Kanker: Systematic Literature Review

Cisplatin is one of chemotherapy agent for long cancer, ovarium cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, head-neck cancer. However, in the fact, the role of cisplatin does not always provide an optimal effect because it often appears cancer cell resistance phenomenon to cisplatin. This resistance condition occurs partly due to the inactive metabolite cause of conjugation reaction between cisplatin and GSH in cancer cells. Therefore, gluthathione (GSH) has an important role in controlling cisplatin resistance. This study aims to analyze some combination of cisplatin and the depletion agent of gluthathione (GSH) as a support for cisplatin activity in several types of cancer cells within in vitro scope. This study is prepared using systematic literature review method. Library search were carried out on two accredited international journals databases, namely PubMed and Science Direct with interval years of publication in 2011-2020. From 10 selected journals, it was shown that the use of GSH depletion agents could enhance the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin. This was analyzed based on data of the number measured GSH cells and the number of living cells (% cell viability) which gave a significant decrease. The result of research are expected to be able to provide information for the development of therapeutic agents on cisplatin as chemotherapy.

Induction of Spermiation in Sterlet Acipenser ruthenus by PLGA Microparticle Delivery with Sustained Alarelin Release

Carp pituitary treatment versus poly (lactiac-co-glycolic acid) microparticles with slow release of Alarelin at 35 µg kg−1 or 200 µg kg−1 body weight to induce spermiation was compared in sterlet Acipenser ruthenus. All hormone treatments initially increased testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone, with a subsequent decline in testosterone but consistent high levels of 11-ketotestosterone at 48 and 72 h post-treatment. Spermiation did not differ between hormone-treated groups, and was not detected in controls receiving saline solution. Administration of the carp pituitary led to maximum sperm production 24 h post-treatment, followed by a decrease at 48 h post-treatment, with no sperm obtained at 72 h. The effect of Alarelin at 35 µg kg−1 bw and carp pituitary did not differ at 24 and 48 h post-treatment, whereas 200 µg kg−1 bw Alarelin was associated with significantly lower spermatozoon concentration 24 h post-treatment compared to carp pituitary, with no difference in milt volume. Higher relative sperm production was observed 48 h after injection of Alarelin at 200 µg kg−1 bw compared to carp pituitary. Spermatozoon motility was significantly higher in fish receiving Alarelin at 35 µg kg−1 bw than 200 µg kg−1 bw. The treatment with optimal effect on inducing spermiation was poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles with slow release of Alarelin at 35 µg kg−1 bw.

Investigation of the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment of poultry products by electrophysical methods

Improved methods of processing food and agricultural products make it possible to achieve an optimal effect at an acceptable level of its quality. In radiobiology, Methods of synergistic effect of two factors are widespread, in particular, the combination of treatment with ionizing radiation (IR), UV and plasma. The use of these methods in the production cycle can significantly improve processing efficiency. In the present work were treated combined feeds of ‘PK-5’ and ‘PK-6’ in order to investigate the synergistic effect of IR treatment and high pressure gas discharge plasma (HP GDP) radiation. As the source of IR was used the nanosecond electron beam (NEB) of the accelerator URT-1 (1 Mev). To create the HP GDP was used a high-voltage nanosecond generator GVI-150 (150 kV). The obtained results indicate the presence of a synergistic effect of the combined effects of plasma radiation and NEB.

Biocidal Activity of a Nanoemulsion Containing Essential Oil from Protium heptaphyllum Resin against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

This work aimed to prepare a nanoemulsion containing the essential oil of the Protium heptaphyllum resin and evaluate its biocidal activities against the different stages of development of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Ovicide, pupicide, adulticide and repellency assays were performed. The main constituents were p-cymene (27.70%) and α-pinene (22.31%). The developed nanoemulsion showed kinetic stability and monomodal distribution at a hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of 14 with a droplet size of 115.56 ± 1.68 nn and a zeta potential of −29.63 ± 3.46 mV. The nanoemulsion showed insecticidal action with LC50 0.404 µg.mL−1 for the ovicidal effect. In the pupicidal test, at the concentration of 160 µg.mL−1, 100% mortality was reached after 24 h. For adulticidal activity, a diagnostic concentration of 200 µg.mL−1 (120 min) was determined. In the repellency test, a concentration of 200 µg.mL−1 during the 180 min of the test showed a protection index of 77.67%. In conclusion, the nanobiotechnological product derived from the essential oil of P.heptaphyllumresin can be considered as a promising colloid that can be used to control infectious disease vectors through a wide range of possible modes of applications, probably as this bioactive delivery system may allow the optimal effect of the P. heptaphyllum terpenes in aqueous media and may also induce satisfactory delivery to air interfaces.

Primary Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance and Hypersensitivity Syndromes: A 2021 Update

Glucocorticoids are the final products of the neuroendocrine hypothalamic–pituitary—adrenal axis, and play an important role in the stress response to re-establish homeostasis when it is threatened, or perceived as threatened. These steroid hormones have pleiotropic actions through binding to their cognate receptor, the human glucocorticoid receptor, which functions as a ligand-bound transcription factor inducing or repressing the expression of a large number of target genes. To achieve homeostasis, glucocorticoid signaling should have an optimal effect on all tissues. Indeed, any inappropriate glucocorticoid effect in terms of quantity or quality has been associated with pathologic conditions, which are characterized by short-term or long-lasting detrimental effects. Two such conditions, the primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance and hypersensitivity syndromes, are discussed in this review article. Undoubtedly, the tremendous progress of structural, molecular, and cellular biology, in association with the continued progress of biotechnology, has led to a better and more in-depth understanding of these rare endocrinologic conditions, as well as more effective therapeutic management.

Effect of urea in steamed sago waste on rumen fermentation parameters in vitro tested

This study aims to determine urea’s effect in steamed sago waste on rumen fermentation parameters in vitro testing. Sago waste was dried for two days, discarded fibre sticks, steamed for 30 minutes, cooled and dried. Weighed 250 g of steamed sago waste, added urea with levels of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6%. Weighed 0.5 g of samples per treatments, inserted in fermentor tubes, added 10 ml buffer and 10 ml of rumen fluid (1:1). Fermentor tubes are inserted in waterbath with a temperature of 39°C, flowed with CO2 gas and covered with a valved rubber cover. For NH3 and VFA testing, incubation was carried out for 4 hours, while for DMD and OMD testing, incubation was carried out for 48 hours. The data obtained were analyzed using a completely random design with four urea level treatments (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%), with five replications. The results showed that increase of urea level up to 6%, increasing (P<0.01) NH3. The increase of urea level 2%, increasing (P<0.01) VFA, DMD and OMD. The increase of urea levels 4% and 6%, not significant effect on DMD and OMD, while at urea level 6%, decreasing (P<0.01) VFA. It can be concluded that urea was added in steamed sago waste, have an optimal effect on the rumen fermentation parameters at level 2–4%.

STUDIES OF THE SHAPED CHARGES EFFECT WITH A HEMISPHERICAL ECCENTRIC SHAPE RECESS FOR THE ROCKS DESTRUCTION

The method of outdoor installation of explosive charges is usually used in the destruction of rocks in conditions in which the method of drilling and blasting using borehole or borehole charges is difficult to apply due to objective conditions. The productivity of rock destruction by the outdoor installation of a concentrated charge is very low. This is due to the fact that such an explosion is characterized by a large loss of energy in the environment. The destruction of rocks by an explosion using shaped charges (CW) to destroy the rock is one solution to increase the useful energy of the destruction of the rock compared to charges placed outside. To achieve the optimal effect of destruction of the rock by cumulative charges, it is necessary to, so that for each type of rock, a specific type of shaped charges can be determined with the appropriate performance and efficiency of the use of explosives. The stronger the rock, the more efficient the short-circuit should be, and vice versa. Thus, for effective rock crushing, it is necessary to develop and produce a number of different types of shaped charges. The use of shaped explosive charges allows you to increase the utilization rate of the useful energy of the explosion and increase the destruction zone of the rock. At a fixed mass of the explosive, the destructive effect of the explosive charge placed on the surface of the rock, it depends on the shape of the charge and the geometric parameters of the charge. Shaped charges with an eccentric hemispherical shape have a coefficient of use of the useful energy of the explosion for the destruction of rock, more than 2.4 times compared to conventional concentrated charges of the same mass.

Analysis of the effect of a one-time vibrotherapy treatment on selected skin characteristics, body composition and body circumferences of women with lipodystrophy

Lipodystrophy is a common problem that is more common in women than in men. Among the many methods of therapy, local vibrotherapy can be distinguished. However, the literature does not indicate which parameters describing the vibration stimulus show the optimal effect. The aim of the study was to indicate the vibration parameters which, after a single treatment, will affect selected skin features, composition and body circumferences of women with lipodystrophy. A study was conducted among 33 women who were divided into two groups and underwent a one-time vibration treatment with the use of low and high vibration parameters. Changes in body parameters were noticed in all women. Vibration treatments used to eliminate cellulite must be performed in series. With a single treatment, the use of a less intense stimulus may bring more beneficial effects to the skin. Studies with an extended observation protocol will indicate in the future whether these beneficial effects are adaptable.