Peroxide Activation by Microbially Synthesized Sulfidated Iron: Comparison against Abiotic Iron-Based Materials in terms of Treatment Efficiency and Oxidative Degradation Pathway

AbstractThe native fluorescence of sotalol hydrochloride (SOT) was used as a basis for establishing a new method of analysis for SOT in tablets and spiked human plasma. The fluorescence of SOT in water was measured at 310 nm when excited at 235 nm. The detection limit (LOD) was 0.37 ng/mL and the quantification limit (LOQ) was 1.08 ng/mL. The proposed method offers high sensitivity which permits determination of SOT, even if present in a very small amount, in human plasma. The obtained results were successfully compared to that of a reference pharmacopeial method and statistical analysis proved a good agreement between the results of both methods. Further investigation of the SOT stability upon exposure to various stress conditions, such as acidic, alkaline, oxidative and photolytic degradation conditions was also performed. The kinetics of acidic, alkaline and oxidative degradation of the drug showed a pseudo first order degradation reaction. A proposal of the degradation pathway was suggested and confirmed by developing a thin layer chromatographic method used for separation of SOT and its acidic and alkaline degradation products.

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Identification of degradation impurity of TGR5 receptor agonist-ZY12201 by LC–MS technique during force degradation study

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04660-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Chandrakant Sojitra ◽

Chintan Dholakia ◽

Padmaja Sudhakar ◽

Kumar K. Singh ◽

Sameer Agarwal

Keyword(s):

Degradation Products ◽

Oxidative Degradation ◽

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Receptor Activation ◽

Degradation Pathway ◽

Forced Degradation ◽

Degradation Study ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

Orally Bioavailable

AbstractForced degradation study is a systemic characterization of degradation products of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) at conditions which posses more harsh environment that accelerates degradation of API. Forced degradation and stability studies would be useful in selection of proper, packaging material and storage conditions of the API. These are also useful to demonstrate degradation pathways and degradation products of the API and further characterisation of the degradation products using mass spectrometry. TGR5 is a G protein-coupled receptor, activation of which promotes secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and modulates insulin secretion. The potent and orally bioavailable TGR5 agonist, ZY12201, shows activation of TGR5 which increase secretion of GLP-1 and help in lowering blood glucose level in animal models. Hence it is necessary to establish and study degradation pathway and stability of API for better handling and regulatory approval. Force degradation studies of ZY12201 have shown presence of one oxidative impurity during oxidative degradation in HPLC analysis. The oxidized product is further characterized by LC–MS to elucidate structure of impurity and characterize its degradation pathway.

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Oxidative degradation of food dye E133 Brilliant Blue FCFLiquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry identification of the degradation pathway

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/s0021-9673(04)01299-3 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1054 (1-2) ◽

pp. 379-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

F GOSETTI ◽

V GIANOTTI ◽

S ANGIOI ◽

S POLATI ◽

E MARENGO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Electrospray Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oxidative Degradation ◽

Degradation Pathway ◽

Brilliant Blue ◽

Food Dye ◽

Mass Spectrometry Identification

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First Total Synthesis of 3a-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-5-((N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl)-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-1-ium 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate by Mimicking the Oxidative Degradation Pathway of Sumatriptan

Results in Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100173 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100173

Author(s):

Pradip K. Sasmal ◽

Ganesh Ramachandran ◽

Ying Zhang ◽

Zhong Liu

Keyword(s):

Total Synthesis ◽

Oxidative Degradation ◽

Degradation Pathway

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Bi/mZVI Combined with Citric Acid and Sodium Citrate to Mineralize Multiple Sulfa Antibiotics: Performance and Mechanism

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics11010051 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Xiaoming Su ◽

Hao Lv ◽

Jianyu Gong ◽

Man Zhou

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Sodium Citrate ◽

Degradation Pathway ◽

Degradation Pathways ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Efficient Treatment ◽

Theoretical Support ◽

Citric Acid Buffer ◽

Iron Based ◽

Performance And Mechanism

The oxidative mineralization of sulfanilamide drugs (SAs) using micro-size zero-valent iron (mZVI) cooperated with a citric acid buffer solution was evaluated. In this study SM2, SMX, and SD could be removed at 66%, 89%, and 83%, respectively, in a 0.5% Bi/mZVI+CA+NaCA system within 2 h. Based on our analysis, the produced ·OH could be ascribed from the complexation between citrate iron (Fe(II)[Cit]−) and the generated H2O2 resulting from the activation of O2 on the mZVI surface in the Bi/mZVI+CA+NaCA system, further inducing the mineralization of antibiotics. The related possible degradation pathways were proposed. Two similar degradation pathways of SM2, SMX, and SD in the mixed liquid, including hydroxylation and SO2 extrusion, were solved. Meanwhile, there was an additional proposed degradation pathway for SMX to be degraded more effectively, as reflected in the opening of the N-O bond on the benzene ring. Therefore, this work provides an experimental basis and theoretical support for the efficient treatment of antibiotic wastewater in real industry by using an iron-based method.

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