scholarly journals Earthworm communities and microbial metabolic activity and diversity under conventional, feed and biogas cropping systems as affected by tillage practices

2022 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 104232
Author(s):  
Julia Denier ◽  
Michel-Pierre Faucon ◽  
Anne-Maïmiti Dulaurent ◽  
Julien Guidet ◽  
Léa Kervroëdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Microbial Metabolic Activity

scholarly journals Seed germination ecology of Conyza stricta Willd. and implications for management

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244059
Author(s):  
Safdar Ali ◽  
Fakhar Din Khan ◽  
Rehmat Ullah ◽  
Rahmat Ullah Shah ◽  
Saud Alamri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Germination Ecology ◽  
Tillage Practices

Numerous cropping systems of the world are experiencing the emergence of new weed species in response to conservation agriculture. Conyza stricta Willd. is being a newly emerging weed of barley-based cropping systems in response to conservational tillage practices. Seed germination ecology of four populations (irrigated, rainfed, abandoned and ruderal habitats) was studied in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The presence/absence of seed dormancy was inferred first, which indicated seeds were non-dormant. Seed germination was then recorded under various photoperiods, constant and alternating day/night temperatures, and pH, salinity and osmotic potential levels. Seedling emergence was observed from various seed burial depths. Seeds of all populations proved photoblastic and required 12-hour light/dark period for germination. Seeds of all populations germinated under 5–30°C constant temperature; however, peak germination was recorded under 17.22–18.11°C. Nonetheless, the highest germination was noted under 20/15°C alternating day/night temperature. Ruderal and irrigated populations better tolerated salinity and germinated under 0–500 mM salinity. Similarly, rainfed population proved more tolerant to osmotic potential than other populations. Seeds of all populations required neutral pH for the highest germination, whereas decline was noted in germination under basic and alkaline pH. Seedling emergence was retarded for seeds buried >2 cm depth and no emergence was recorded from >4 cm depth. These results add valuable information towards our understanding of seed germination ecology of C. stricta. Seed germination ability of different populations under diverse environmental conditions suspects that the species can present severe challenges in future if not managed. Deep seed burial along with effective management of the emerging seedlings seems a pragmatic option to manage the species in cultivated fields. However, immediate management strategies are needed for rest of the habitats.

scholarly journals Metabolic Current Production by an Oral Biofilm Pathogen Corynebacterium matruchotii

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3141
Author(s):  
Divya Naradasu ◽  
Waheed Miran ◽  
Akihiro Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Production Capability ◽  
Current Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Microbial Metabolic Activity

The development of a simple and direct assay for quantifying microbial metabolic activity is important for identifying antibiotic drugs. Current production capabilities of environmental bacteria via the process called extracellular electron transport (EET) from the cell interior to the exterior is well investigated in mineral-reducing bacteria and have been used for various energy and environmental applications. Recently, the capability of human pathogens for producing current has been identified in different human niches, which was suggested to be applicable for drug assessment, because the current production of a few strains correlated with metabolic activity. Herein, we report another strain, a highly abundant pathogen in human oral polymicrobial biofilm, Corynebacterium matruchotii, to have the current production capability associated with its metabolic activity. It showed the current production of 50 nA/cm2 at OD600 of 0.1 with the working electrode poised at +0.4 V vs. a standard hydrogen electrode in a three-electrode system. The addition of antibiotics that suppress the microbial metabolic activity showed a significant current decrease (>90%), establishing that current production reflected the cellular activity in this pathogen. Further, the metabolic fixation of atomically labeled 13C (31.68% ± 2.26%) and 15N (19.69% ± 1.41%) confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry indicated that C. matruchotii cells were metabolically active on the electrode surface. The identified electrochemical activity of C. matruchotii shows that this can be a simple and effective test for evaluating the impact of antibacterial compounds, and such a method might be applicable to the polymicrobial oral biofilm on electrode surfaces, given four other oral pathogens have already been shown the current production capability.

Tillage frequency affects microbial metabolic activity and short-term changes in CO2 fluxes within 1 week in karst ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3453-3462
Author(s):  
Dan Xiao ◽  
Yingying Ye ◽  
Shuangshuang Xiao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xunyang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Karst Ecosystems ◽  
Microbial Metabolic Activity

scholarly journals Modeling Soil Nitrate Accumulation and Leaching in Conventional and Conservation Agriculture Cropping Systems

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Nicolò Colombani ◽  
Micòl Mastrocicco ◽  
Fabio Vincenzi ◽  
Giuseppe Castaldelli
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Compost Amendment ◽  
Before And After

Nitrate is a major groundwater inorganic contaminant that is mainly due to fertilizer leaching. Compost amendment can increase soils’ organic substances and thus promote denitrification in intensively cultivated soils. In this study, two agricultural plots located in the Padana plain (Ferrara, Italy) were monitored and modeled for a period of 2.7 years. One plot was initially amended with 30 t/ha of compost, not tilled, and amended with standard fertilization practices, while the other one was run with standard fertilization and tillage practices. Monitoring was performed continuously via soil water probes (matric potential) and discontinuously via auger core profiles (major nitrogen species) before and after each cropping season. A HYDRUS-1D numerical model was calibrated and validated versus observed matric potential and nitrate, ammonium, and bromide (used as tracers). Model performance was judged satisfactory and the results provided insights on water and nitrogen balances for the two different agricultural practices tested here. While water balance and retention time in the vadose zone were similar in the two plots, nitrate leaching was less pronounced in the plot amended with compost due to a higher denitrification rate. This study provides clear evidence that compost addition and no-tillage (conservation agriculture) can diminish nitrate leaching to groundwater, with respect to standard agricultural practices.

Long term effects of tillage practices and N fertilization in rainfed Mediterranean cropping systems: durum wheat, sunflower and maize grain yield

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 166-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Seddaiu ◽  
Ileana Iocola ◽  
Roberta Farina ◽  
Roberto Orsini ◽  
Giuseppe Iezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain

Evaluation of Tillage and Herbicide Interaction forAmaranthusControl in Cotton

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Kelton ◽  
Andrew J. Price ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
C. Dale Monks ◽  
Edzard van Santen
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Tillage Operations

Amaranthuscontrol in cotton can be difficult with the loss of glyphosate efficacy, especially in conservation-tillage cropping systems. Research was conduction from 2006 to 2008 at EV Smith Research Center, Shorter, AL, to determine the level of glyphosate-susceptibleAmaranthuscontrol provided by four initial tillage and herbicide treatments, including 1) moldboard plowing followed by a single-pass disking and field cultivation plus pendimethalin at 1.2 kg ai ha−1preplant incorporation (PPI), 2) two-pass disking followed by field cultivation plus pendimethalin at 1.2 kg ha−1PPI, 3) no tillage including an application of pendimethalin at 1.2 kg ha−1PRE, or 4) no tillage without pendimethalin in 2006. No further tillage practices or pendimethalin applications were utilized after study initiation. Initial tillage operations, including inversion with disking or disking twice, resulted inAmaranthusdensity of ≤ 4 plants m−2and 47 to 82% control, whereas no-tillage treatments had ≥ 4 plants m−2and 14 to 62% control. Subsequent applications of PRE herbicides included fluometuron at 1.68 kg ai ha−1or prometryn at 1.12 kg ai ha−1and provided 53 to 98% and 55 to 93% control, respectively, and reducedAmaranthusdensity compared to no PRE herbicide to < 2 plants m−2, regardless of tillage treatment. A POST application of glyphosate at 1.0 kg ae ha−1improved control in conjunction with almost all treatments in each year. Results indicate that a one-time tillage operation followed by a return to reduced tillage may aid in the reduction ofAmaranthusdensity when used with PRE-applied herbicides; however, this system will likely not provide adequate control when high population densities of glyphosate-resistantAmaranthusare present, thus highlighting the need for a highly efficacious POST herbicide system.

Performance of Prominent Inter cropping Systems under various Tillage Practices in Vertisols of Marathwada Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
B.V. Asewar ◽  
M.S. Pendke ◽  
A.K. Gore ◽  
M.S. Samindre ◽  
G. Ravindra Chary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Tillage Practices

The contribution of instream wood to streambed organic matter controls on microbial metabolic activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Howard ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Nick Kettridge ◽  
Ian Baker ◽  
Stefan Krause
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Nutrient Turnover ◽  
Instream Wood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Microbial Metabolic Activity

&lt;p&gt;Microbial metabolic activity (MMA) in streambeds drives greenhouse gas (GHG) production and nutrient turnover. Previous research has identified that the quantity and quality of organic matter (OM) are important controls on MMA. Instream wood may make a significant contribution to the total OM content of the streambed, especially in forested streams, but it has typically been ignored or explicitly omitted in previous research. By means of an incubation experiment, we investigate the impact of streambed wood on MMA, GHG production and nutrient turnover rates. By using three geologies (sandstone, chalk and limestone) and allowing temperatures to fluctuate with environmental conditions, we observe these impacts under a range of typical scenarios. These results could have implications for estimates of GHG emissions from streams and inform catchment management, for example the impacts of direct installation of instream wood in river restoration or the indirect input as a result of riparian planting.&lt;/p&gt;

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