Combined application of biochar and N fertilizer shifted nitrification rate and amoA gene abundance of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in salt-affected anthropogenic-alluvial soil

2022 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 104348
Author(s):  
Rongjiang Yao ◽  
Hongqiang Li ◽  
Jingsong Yang ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
Chunyan Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Amoa Gene ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Gene Abundance ◽  
Combined Application

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Nitrification Inhibition on Various Species of Brachiaria Grass Rhizosphere

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Purwanto ◽  
Supriyadi ◽  
Aniek Hindrayani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Nitrification Inhibition ◽  
Potential Nitrification ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inhibition Of Nitrification

Nitrification has the potential to decrease the efficiency of nitrogen utilization by plants. The use of nitrifying inhibitory chemicals proved to be effective in controlling nitrification, but also affects beneficial soil microbes. Another attempt to inhibit the more environmentally-friendly nitrification is to use plants that have allelochemical nitrification inhibiting compounds such as the grasses of Brachiaria. The aim of this research is to know the effectivity of B.mutica, B.decumbens, and B.humidicola as inhibitors of nitrification rate in soil. The experiment was carried out by pot experimental method based on nondestructive sampling and Complete Randomized Design, consisting of Brachiaria plant types and various doses of N fertilizer, 100 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha. The results of this study show that 1) B.mutica, B.decumbens, and B.humidicola, highly significant to the soil potential nitrification, but the treatment of various doses of N fertilizer is not significant to the soil potential nitrification. 2) the highest soil potential nitrification in B.mutica rhizosphere was 5.160 mg NO2-/g of soil/5h, while the lowest soil potential nitrification in the rhizosphere of B.humidicola plant was 0.414 mg NO2-/g/5h. 3) From the four treatment of Brachiaria plants can be concluded B.humidicola plant more effective in inhibition of nitrification.

Nitrogen fixation as influenced by pesticides and rice straw in paddy soils

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Jena ◽  
V. Rajaramamohan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Straw Amendment ◽  
Straw Application ◽  
Stimulation Of

SummaryThe effect of three herbicides and an insecticide combination on nitrogen fixation in three paddy soils was investigated in a laboratory incubation study. The influence of pesticide combination on N2 fixation was evaluated in the presence and absence of rice straw under flooded and non-flooded conditions. In a non-flooded alluvial soil single or combined application of butachlor and carbofuran significantly stimulated N2 fixation. There was no effect on N2 fixation when thiobencarb was applied alone; but with thiobencarb in combination with carbofuran higher N2 fixation occurred. Both oxadiazone and thiobencarb had no effect on N2 fixation under flooded conditions, but in combination with carbofuran the N2 fixation was high. In acid sulphate saline Pokkali soil, rice straw application stimulated N2 fixation; the stimulatory effect of carbofuran either alone or in combination became more pronounced under flooded conditions. N2 fixation was low in a laterite Sukinda soil and the effect of pesticides was not changed by rice straw amendment. A uniform stimulation of N2 fixation occurred in soils when carbofuran was applied either singly or in combination with other herbicides tested. Results indicate that the effect of pesticides on N2 fixation varied with the rice straw application and water regime.

scholarly journals Nitrification and its oxygen consumption along the turbid Chang Jiang River plume

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2083-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S.-Y. Hsiao ◽  
T.-C. Hsu ◽  
J.-w. Liu ◽  
X. Xie ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Amoa Gene ◽  
Free Water ◽  
River Plume ◽  
Community Respiration ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Abstract. Nitrification is a series of processes that oxidizes ammonia to nitrate, which contributes to hypoxia development in coastal oceans, especially in eutrophicated regions. The nitrification rate of bulk water (NRb) and particle free water (NRpf, particle > 3 μm eliminated) were determined along the Chang Jiang River plume in August 2011 by nitrogen isotope tracer technique. Measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO), community respiration rate (CR), nutrients, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), total suspended matter (TSM), particulate organic carbon/nitrogen (POC / PON), acid-leachable iron and manganese on suspended particles and both archaeal and β-proteobacterial ammonia monooxygenase subunit A gene (amoA) abundance on size-fractioned particles (> 3 μm and 0.22–3 μm) were conducted. The NRb ranged from undetectable up to 4.6 μmol L−1 day−1, peaking at a salinity of ~ 29. NRb values were positively correlated with ammonium concentration, suggesting the importance of substrate in nitrification. In the river mouth and the inner plume, NRb was much higher than NRpf, indicating that the nitrifying microorganism is mainly particle associated, which was supported by its significant correlation with amoA gene abundance and TSM concentration. The estimated oxygen demands of nitrification accounted for 0.32 to 318% of CR, in which 50% samples demanded more oxygen than that predicted by by the Redfield model (23%), indicating that oxygen might not be the sole oxidant though DO was sufficient (> 58 μmol kg−1) throughout the observation period. The excess nitrification-associated oxygen demand (NOD) showed a tendency to occur at lower DO samples accompanied by higher acid-leachable Fe / Mn, which implied reactive Fe3+ / Mn4+ may play a role as oxidant in the nitrification process. Stoichiometric calculation suggested that reactive Fe on particles was 10 times the oxidant demand required to complete ammonia oxidation in the entire plume. The potential involvement of reactive iron and manganese in the nitrification process in oxygenated water further complicated nitrogen cycling in the turbid river plume.

scholarly journals New Insight to Niche Partitioning and Ecological Function of Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea in Subtropical Estuarine Ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Lu ◽  
Shunyan Cheung ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Shuh-Ji Kao ◽  
Xiaomin Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Amoa Gene ◽  
Pearl River Estuary ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Distributional Pattern ◽  
Estuarine Ecosystem ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea

Abstract. Nitrification plays a central role in estuarine nitrogen cycle. Previous studies in estuary mainly focused on the niche-partition between ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), while the diversity, activity, biogeography and ecophysiology of different AOA groups remained unclear. Here, we first time reported niche partitioning as well as differentially distributed active populations among diverse AOA (inferred from amoA gene) in a typical subtropical estuary–Pearl River estuary (PRE). In the water column of PRE, the AOA communities mainly consisted of WCA and SCM1-like sublineages. Surprisingly, we observed a strong disagreement of AOA communities at DNA and RNA levels. In DNA samples, WCA generally dominated the AOA community, and the distributional pattern indicated that WCA I and WCA II sublineages preferred oceanic and coastal conditions, respectively. In contrast, diverse SCM1-like sublineages were identified and outnumbering WCA at RNA level, in which SCM1-like-III was limited to freshwater while the rest sublineages were widely distributed in the estuary. The SCM1-like sublineages strongly correlated with nitrification rate indicated their important contribution to ammonia oxidation. Furthermore, intense nitrification contributed significantly to hypoxia conditions (nitrification contributed averaged 15.30 % of oxygen consumption) in the estuary. These results unraveled different ammonia-oxidizing activities and niche partitioning among different AOA sublineages in estuarine water, which was unexplored in previous DNA and clone library-based studies. The ecological significance and functioning of the diverse AOA should be further explored in the marine ecosystem.

scholarly journals New insight to niche partitioning and ecological function of ammonia oxidizing archaea in subtropical estuarine ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 6017-6032
Author(s):  
Yanhong Lu ◽  
Shunyan Cheung ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Shuh-Ji Kao ◽  
Xiaomin Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Amoa Gene ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Distributional Pattern ◽  
Estuarine Ecosystem ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea

Abstract. Nitrification plays a central role in the estuarine nitrogen cycle. Previous studies in estuary mainly focused on the niche partition between ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), while the diversity, activity, biogeography, and ecophysiology of different AOA groups remained unclear. Here, we for the first time report on niche partitioning and differentially distributed active populations among diverse AOA (inferred from amoA gene) in a typical subtropical estuary – Pearl River estuary (PRE). In the water column of the PRE, the AOA communities mainly consisted of water column A (WCA) and SCM1-like (Nitrosopumilus maritimus-like) sublineages. Surprisingly, we observed a strong disagreement in AOA communities at DNA and RNA levels. In DNA samples, WCA generally dominated the AOA community, and the distributional pattern indicated that WCA I and WCA II sublineages preferred oceanic and coastal conditions, respectively. In contrast, diverse SCM1-like sublineages were identified, and outnumbered WCA at RNA level, in which SCM1-like-III was limited to freshwater, while the rest of the sublineages were widely distributed in the estuary. The SCM1-like sublineages strongly correlated with nitrification rate, which indicated their important contribution to ammonia oxidation. Furthermore, intense nitrification contributed significantly to hypoxia conditions (nitrification contributed averaged 12.18 % of oxygen consumption) in the estuary. These results revealed different ammonia-oxidizing activities and niche partitioning among different AOA sublineages in estuarine water, which was unexplored in previous DNA and clone library-based studies. The ecological significance and functioning of the diverse AOA should be further explored in the marine ecosystem.

scholarly journals N2O and NO Emissions as Affected by the Continuous Combined Application of Organic and Mineral N Fertilizer to a Soil on the North China Plain

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1965
Author(s):  
Deyan Liu ◽  
Heyang Sun ◽  
Xia Liao ◽  
Jiafa Luo ◽  
Stuart Lindsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
The North ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
No Emissions

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of the continuous application of organic and mineral N fertilizer on N2O and NO emissions under maize and wheat rotation on the North China Plain. This study included eight treatments: no fertilizer (control); mineral N fertilizer (Nmin) at a rate of 200 kg N ha−1 per season; 50% mineral fertilizer N plus 50% cattle manure N (50% CM), 50% chicken manure N (50% FC) or 50% pig manure N (50% FP); 75% mineral fertilizer N plus 25% cattle manure N (25% CM), 25% chicken manure N (25% FC) or 25% pig manure N (25% FP). The annual N2O and NO emissions were 2.71 and 0.39 kg N ha−1, respectively, under the Nmin treatment, with an emission factor of 0.50% for N2O and 0.07% for NO. Compared with the Nmin treatment, N2O emissions did not differ when 50% of the mineral N was replaced with manure N (50% CM, 50% FC and 50% FP), while annual NO emissions were significantly reduced by 49.0% and 27.8% under 50% FC and 50% FP, respectively. In contrast, annual N2O emissions decreased by 21–38% compared to the Nmin treatment when 25% of the mineral N was replaced with manure N (25% CM, 25% FC and 25% FP). Most of the reduction occurred during the maize season. The 25% CM, 25% FC and 25% FP treatments had no effect on NO emissions compared to the Nmin treatment. There was no obvious difference in annual N2O and NO emissions among the organic manures at the same application rate, probably due to their similar C/N ratio. Replacing a portion of the mineral fertilizer N with organic fertilizer N did not significantly affect crop grain yield, except for the 50% FC treatment in the wheat season. Overall, the results suggest that the combined application of 25% organic manure N plus 75% mineral fertilizer N had the most potential to mitigate N2O emissions while not affecting crop yield in the maize and wheat rotation system in this area of China.

scholarly journals Effects of Zeolite and Biochar Addition on Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea Communities during Agricultural Waste Composting

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wu ◽  
Liheng Ren ◽  
Jiachao Zhang ◽  
Hui Peng
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Amoa Gene ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Monooxygenase ◽  
Gene Abundance ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of zeolite and biochar addition on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) communities during agricultural waste composting were determined in this study. Four treatments were conducted as follows: Treatment A as the control with no additive, Treatment B with 5% of zeolite, Treatment C with 5% of biochar, and Treatment D with 5% of zeolite and 5% biochar, respectively. The AOB and AOA amoA gene abundance as well as the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activity were estimated by quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The relationship between gene abundance and AMO enzyme activity was determined by regression analysis. Results indicated that the AOB was more abundant than that of AOA throughout the composting process. Addition of biochar and its integrated application with zeolite promoted the AOB community abundance and AMO enzyme activity. Significant positive relationships were obtained between AMO enzyme activity and AOB community abundance (r2 = 0.792; P < 0.01) and AOA community abundance (r2 = 0.772; P < 0.01), indicating that both bacteria and archaea played significant roles in microbial ammonia oxidation during composting. Using biochar and zeolite might promote the nitrification activity by altering the sample properties during agricultural waste composting.

scholarly journals Response of Biofertilizers and Primary Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in New Alluvial Soil of West Bengal

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
S. Das ◽  
F. H. Rahman ◽  
S. Mukherjee ◽  
K. Nag
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Plot Yield ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Optimum Production

The experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Station, Mondouri, BCKV, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal during the years 2014-15 and 2015-16. The cloves were planted during middle of the October in 2.0 x1.5 m plot at 20 x15 cm spacing in with three replications. Two nitrogen fixing biofertilizers (Azospirillum lipoferum and Azotobacter chrococcum), two phosphatic biofertilizers (Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza - Glomus fasciculatum) and phosphate solubilising bacteria (Bacillus polymixa) and one potassic solubilizer (Fraturia aurantea) were included. Biofertilizers were applied @ 6 g per plot with 250 g well rotten Farm yard manure. Three levels of recommended dose of NPK i.e., 100%, 75% and 50% were included. Two way combinations of both nitrogenous and phosphatic biofertilizers were followed in Total 12 treatments along with control. Quantitative attributes like plot yield (2.85 kg/3 m2) and projected yield (7.12 t/ha) were noticed in NPK (100%) + Azospirillium + PSB +K solubilizer. Looking to economics of various treatments, maximum net return (Rs 165,043) and B:C ratio (1.55) was obtained from NPK (100%) + Azospirillium + PSB + K solubilizer. Whereas, minimum B:C ratio (0.60) was recorded under NPK (50%) +Azotobacter + VAM + K solubilizer. These results suggested that the optimum production of garlic can be obtained with combined application of 100% NPK and biofertilizers (Azotobacter @ 5 kg/ha +PSB @ 5 kg/ha). The results also indicate the scope of reduction of 25% of inorganic fertilizer through inoculations of biofertilizers.

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