Adaptations of lipid metabolism and food intake in response to low and high fat diets in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Aquaculture ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aixuan Li ◽  
Xiaochen Yuan ◽  
Xu-Fang Liang ◽  
Liwei Liu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idellus ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Development of leptin resistance in rat soleus muscle in response to high-fat diets

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (6) ◽  
pp. E1374-E1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg R. Steinberg ◽  
David J. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Muscle Lipid ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Rat Soleus Muscle ◽  
Fat Diets

Direct evidence for leptin resistance in peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle does not exist. Therefore, we investigated the effects of different high-fat diets on lipid metabolism in isolated rat soleus muscle and specifically explored whether leptin's stimulatory effects on muscle lipid metabolism would be reduced after exposure to high-fat diets. Control (Cont, 12% kcal fat) and high-fat [60% kcal safflower oil (n-6) (HF-Saff); 48% kcal safflower oil plus 12% fish oil (n-3)] diets were fed to rats for 4 wk. After the dietary treatments, muscle lipid turnover and oxidation in the presence and absence of leptin was measured using pulse-chase procedures in incubated resting soleus muscle. In the absence of leptin, phospholipid, diacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol (TG) turnover were unaffected by the high-fat diets, but exogenous palmitate oxidation was significantly increased in the HF-Saff group. In Cont rats, leptin increased exogenous palmitate oxidation (21.4 ± 5.7 vs. 11.9 ± 1.61 nmol/g, P = 0.019) and TG breakdown (39.8 ± 5.6 vs. 27.0 ± 5.2 nmol/g, P = 0.043) and decreased TG esterification (132.5 ± 14.6 vs. 177.7 ± 29.6 nmol/g, P = 0.043). However, in both high-fat groups, the stimulatory effect of leptin on muscle lipid oxidation and hydrolysis was eliminated. Partial substitution of fish oil resulted only in the restoration of leptin's inhibition of TG esterification. Thus we hypothesize that, during the development of obesity, skeletal muscle becomes resistant to the effects of leptin, resulting in the accumulation of intramuscular TG. This may be an important initiating step in the development of insulin resistance common in obesity.

Effect of high fat diets on the performance and food intake of primiparous and multiparous rabbit does

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Pascual ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
J. Fernandez-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractThe influence of high fat diets on several production traits of primiparous and multiparous rabbit does was studied in 246 lactations from a total of 61 crossbreed rabbit does (Californian × New Zealand). Starting with a control diet (diet C) with 26 g ether extract (EE) per kg dry matter (DM), two isoenergetic diets were formulated adding fat from vegetable sources up to 99 g EE per kg DM (diet V) or animal sources up to 117 g EE per kg DM (diet A). Digestible energy/digestible protein ratio (DE/DP) was maintained between 82 and 87 kj/g. Food intake decreased with high fat diets compared with the control diet during gestation (P ‘lt; 0·001), which implied a decrease in the DE intake (P < 0·01 and P < 0·05 for primiparous and multiparous does, respectively). Fat addition did not affect food intake of primiparous does during lactation (101·8,106·9 and 103·7 g DM per day per kg live weight (M)0·75 for C, V and A diets, respectively) but increased the DE intake (1121 kj/day per kg M°0·75 for C diet cf. 1325 for V and 1264 for A diets; P < 0·01) and reduced does' weight losses at the end of lactation (F > 0·05). However, multiparous does on C diet showed a greater food intake during the last 2 weeks of lactation (110·6 for C diet v. 101·5 and 98·9 g DM per day per kg M0·75 for V and A diets, respectively; P < 0·001). High fat diets improved significantly the productive parameters at the 21st day of lactation: increasing litter size (P < 0·01 for multiparous does) and weight (P < 0·01 and P < 0·001 for primiparous and multiparous does, respectively) and decreasing the food conversion ratio (P < 0·001). An increase of dietary fat content decreased solid food intake of litters during the last 2 weeks of lactation (P < 0·01 and P < 0·001 for primiparous and multiparous does, respectively) but only affected their solid DE intake slightly. In conclusion, high fat diets seem to improve the productivity of lactating does and their corporal condition during the first lactation.

scholarly journals Age-dependent effect of high-fructose and high-fat diets on lipid metabolism and lipid accumulation in liver and kidney of rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uberdan Guilherme Mendes de Castro ◽  
Robson Augusto Souza dos Santos ◽  
Marcelo Silva ◽  
Wanderson de Lima ◽  
Maria Campagnole-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals Selective Inactivation of Socs3 in SF1 Neurons Improves Glucose Homeostasis without Affecting Body Weight

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (11) ◽  
pp. 5654-5661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren Zhang ◽  
Harveen Dhillon ◽  
Huali Yin ◽  
Akihiko Yoshimura ◽  
Bradford B. Lowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Leptin Signaling ◽  
Leptin Sensitivity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3) has been identified as a mediator of central leptin resistance, but the identity of specific neurons in which Socs3 acts to suppress leptin signaling remains elusive. The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) was recently shown to be an important site for leptin action because deleting leptin receptor within VMH neurons causes obesity. To examine the role of VMH Socs3 in leptin resistance and energy homeostasis, we generated mice lacking Socs3 specifically in neurons positive for steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), which is expressed abundantly in the VMH. These mice had increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 in VMH neurons, suggesting improved leptin signaling, and consistently, food intake and weight-reducing effects of exogenous leptin were enhanced. Furthermore, on either chow or high-fat diets, these mice had reduced food intake. Unexpectedly, energy expenditure was reduced as well. Mice lacking Socs3 in SF1 neurons, despite no change in body weight, had improved glucose homeostasis and were partially protected from hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced by high-fat diets. These results suggest that Socs3 in SF1 neurons negatively regulates leptin signaling and plays important roles in mediating leptin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Reduced sensitivity to the satiation effect of intestinal oleate in rats adapted to high-fat diet

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. R279-R285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Covasa ◽  
Robert C. Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Satiation Effect ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Intestinal Infusion ◽  
Fat Diets

When rats are maintained on high-fat diets, digestive processes adapt to provide for more efficient digestion and absorption of this nutrient. Furthermore, rats fed high-fat diets tend to consume more calories and gain more weight than rats on a low-fat diet. We hypothesized that, in addition to adaptation of digestive processes, high-fat maintenance diets might result in reduction of sensitivity to the satiating effects of fat digestion products, which inhibit food intake by activating sensory fibers in the small intestine. To test this hypothesis we measured food intake after intestinal infusion of oleic acid or the oligosaccharide maltotriose in rats maintained on a low-fat diet or one of three high-fat diets. We found that rats fed high-fat diets exhibited diminished sensitivity to satiation by intestinal infusion of oleic acid. Sensitivity to the satiation effect of intestinal maltotriose infusion did not differ between groups maintained on the various diets. Reduced sensitivity to oleate infusion was specifically dependent on fat content of the diet and was not influenced by the dietary fiber or carbohydrate content. These results indicate that diets high in fat reduce the ability of fat to inhibit further food intake. Such changes in sensitivity to intestinal fats might contribute to the increased food intake and obesity that occur with high-fat diet regimens.

High-fat diets induce a rapid loss of the insulin anorectic response in the amygdala

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (5) ◽  
pp. R1302-R1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Boghossian ◽  
Karalee Lemmon ◽  
MieJung Park ◽  
David A. York
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Intracerebroventricular insulin decreases food intake (FI) . The central bed nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), as other regions of the brain regulating feeding behavior, expresses insulin receptors. Our objectives were to show an insulin anorectic response in the amygdala, study the effect of high-fat diets on this response, and map the neural network activated by CeA insulin using c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fitted with unilateral CeA cannulas were adapted to a low-fat (LFD) diet before they were fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Their feeding response to CeA saline or insulin (8 mU) was tested after 24 h, 72 h, or 7 days of being on a HFD. In a second experiment, SD rats were fed the HFD for 3, 7, or 49 days and were then refed with the LFD. They were tested for their insulin response before and after an HFD and every 3 days for the following weeks. Insulin tolerance tests were performed in a parallel group of rats. The CeA insulin stimulation c-Fos expression was studied to identify the distribution of activated neuronal populations. Feeding an HFD for 72 h or more induced a CeA, but not peripheral, insulin resistance, which was slowly reversed by LFD refeeding. The duration of HFD feeding determined the time frame for reversal of the insulin resistance. CeA insulin increased c-Fos in multiple brain regions, including the arcuate nucleus/paraventricular nucleus region of the hypothalamus. We conclude that the amygdala may be an important site for insulin regulation of food intake and may have a significant role in determining susceptibility to HFD-induced obesity.

scholarly journals Biochemical hepatic alterations and body lipid composition in the herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed high-fat diets

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 905-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Yu Du ◽  
Pierre Clouet ◽  
Wen-Hui Zheng ◽  
Pascal Degrace ◽  
Li-Xia Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

High-fat diets may have favourable effects on growth of some carnivorous fish because of the protein-sparing effect of lipids, but high-fat diets also exert some negative impacts on flesh quality. The goal of the study was therefore to determine the effects of fat-enriched diets in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a typical herbivorous fish on growth and possible lipid metabolism alterations. Three isonitrogenous diets containing 2, 6 or 10% of a mixture of lard, maize oil and fish oil (1:1:1, by weight) were applied to fish for 8 weeks in a recirculation system. Data show that feeding diets with increasing lipid levels resulted in lowered feed intake, decreased growth and feed efficiency, and increased mesenteric fat tissue weight. Concomitantly, alteration of lipoprotein synthesis and greater level of lipid peroxidation were apparent in blood. In liver, muscle and mesenteric fat tissue, the percentages of α-linolenic acid and DHA were significantly increased or tended to increase with higher dietary lipid levels. Biochemical activity measurements performed on liver showed that, with the increase in dietary lipid level, there was a decrease in both mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation capacities, which might contribute, at least in part, to the specific accumulation of α-linolenic acid and DHA into cells more active in membrane building. On the whole, grass carp have difficulty in energetically utilising excess dietary fat, especially when enriched in n−3 PUFA that are susceptible to peroxidation.

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