scholarly journals A review on cellulose nanocrystals production and characterization methods from Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunches

2021 ◽  
pp. 103339
Author(s):  
Law Yong Ng ◽  
Ting Jun Wong ◽  
Ching Yin Ng ◽  
Chiang Kar Mun Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

scholarly journals Properties of Composite Boards Properties from Elaeis guineensis Empty Fruit Bunch

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Screw Withdrawal ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study focussed on composite boards made from Elaeis guineesis empty fruit bunches (EFB). The EFB supplied by a smallholder oil palm planter in Kuala Krai, Kelantan. The fibre cutter and crusher were used in turning the EFB into smaller size particles. They were screened with four-tier sieve shaker used to remove the oversize particles and impurities present. Hardeners and wax added during the mixing process at 1% and 3%. Boards of three (3) different densities were produced using urea-formaldehyde as the bonding agent. The boards produced later conditioned in a chamber set at 20±2°C and 65% relative humidity. The testing procedure set by EN Standards and specifications were followed. The tests results showed the EFB composite boards possessed excellent physical and mechanical properties. The MOR, MOE and internal bonding of the boards were 22.91 N/mm2, 2059.56 N/mm2, and 0.98 N/mm2. The internal bonding for both edge and face screw withdrawal were 467.47 N/mm2, and 512.37 N/mm2 respectively. Boards with 700 g/cm3 density and 14% resin content met all the requirement needed according to standard exercised. Scanning electron microscope images of low-performance boards showed the resin and fibre in the board interacted closely, but voids appeared at the cross-section suggesting moisture penetrated the board via the open spaces and attacked the linkages existed, thus cause the board to have a low property. The thermal stability of the boards manufactured studied using the Thermogravimetric Analysis.

scholarly journals Bio-Pellet Fuel from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB): Using European Standards for Quality Testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brunerová ◽  
Miroslav Müller ◽  
Vladimír Šleger ◽  
Himsar Ambarita ◽  
Petr Valášek
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) represents Indonesian major agriculture crop, nevertheless, its cultivation and processing results in an excessive amount of waste biomass, namely, empty fruit bunches (EFB), which is not always properly processed or reused. Therefore, the present investigation was performed to attract wide public interest in proper waste management and reuse of waste biomass. The suitability of such waste biomass for bio-pellet fuel production within its ecological EFB reuse was the subject of investigation. Its fuel parameters, mechanical quality and microscopic analysis represented the set of experimental testing performed within the target purpose. Satisfactory result values were stated within oil palm EFB fuel parameters, namely, moisture content Mc—7.07%, ash content Ac—9.41% and energy potential NCV—15.06 MJ∙kg−1. Mechanical analysis of the produced bio-pellet fuel proved outstanding results: Volume density ρ—1440.01 kg∙m−3 and mechanical durability DU—97.4% and 99.4% (according to ÖNORM M 7135 (2003) and ISO 17831-1 (2015)). Furthermore, results of compressive strength σ proved the requested high level; in simple pressure σp—10.83 MPa and in cleft σc—60.46 N·mm−1. Stereoscopic microscope measurements proved a prevalent proportion of fiber >97% within the feedstock content, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of bio-pellet samples diagnosed cracks purely on the outer surface, not within their internal structures, which indicated high quality compacted products. In conclusion, the overall evaluation indicates the production of environmental-friendly high quality bio-pellet fuel, thus, proving the suitability of oil palm EFB for the production of bio-pellet fuel.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Bioaktivator Selulolitik untuk Mempercepat Pengomposan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Diah Nurul Aini ◽  
Hanifa Hanifa ◽  
Dessy Sari Mulfa ◽  
Tetty Marta Linda
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Compost Quality ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

Oil palm plantations are very extensive in Indonesia which have produced oil palm solid waste in the form of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB, shells and fibers. Generally, OPEFB is processed into compost but has a constraint that requires a long time of three months. The solution is to provided bioactivators.  This study aims to determine variations in the amount of cellulolytic bioactivators in composting OPEFB that is 0 ml (P1), 50 ml (P2), 75 ml (P3) and 100 ml (P4). Composting is carried out at an incubation laboratory scale for 45 days. The best research results were obtained in P4 treatment with compost quality: N-total of 2.13; C-organic: 35,45 and C/N ratio 16,68 which are in accordance with SNI standards. This cellulotic bioactivator can be developed for the production of TKKS compost on a larger scale.

scholarly journals Xylose recovery from dilute-acid hydrolysis of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunches for xylitol production

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (41) ◽  
pp. 1997-2008
Author(s):  
Manjarres-Pinzon Katherine ◽  
Arias-Zabala Mario ◽  
Correa-Londono Guillermo ◽  
Rodriguez-Sandoval Eduardo
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Xylitol Production ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

High Compressive Strength of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches (Elaeis guineensis) Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 557-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Sriyanti ◽  
Lina Agustina ◽  
Iftita Selviana ◽  
Leni Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Pressing Pressure ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Pressing Temperature ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Pressing Time

Simple mixing and hot pressing methods were used to make high strength and light-weight composite from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) using PVAc as an adhesive and silica nanoparticles as a filler. The mechanical strength of the composite was examined in term of compressive strength. The simple mixing method was used to mix composition with PVAc and silica nanoparticles. Silica nanoparticles were added as filler. Hot pressing method was used to press the mixed composites at a pressing pressure of 85 MPa, pressing temperature of 150 °C, and pressing time of 20 minutes. The optimum composition in term of compressive strength for the strongest composite had a mass ratio of OPEFB/PVAc of 13 : 2 and obtained a compressive strength of 82,88 MPa. Higher compressive strength of 100,39 MPa was obtained by adding the silica nanoparticles at a mass ratio of OPEFB/PVAc/silica nanoparticles of 13 : 2 : 0,75. At pressing pressure of 100 MPa, pressing temperature of 150 °C, and pressing time of 20 minutes, we found compressive strength of 115,35 MPa. Data analysis of XRD showed that the used silica nanoparticles were in amorphous phase or had broad pattern. The compressive strength data showed that the composites were stronger than the composites made by Masturi and Kumagizuri, and also stronger than the ordinary wood-based composites. Thus, the composites are feasible to be used to replace wood-based composites, especially in furnishings.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Torefaksi terhadap Sifat Kimia Pelet Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Irma Thya Rani ◽  
Wahyu Hidayat ◽  
Indra Gumay Febryano ◽  
Dewi Agustina Iryani ◽  
Agus Haryanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Furnace ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Slow Heating ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Ft Ir

ABSTRACT  Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the agricultural biomass. Palm oil solid waste that is relatively easy to find is empty fruit bunches (EFB). EFB biomass is converted into pellets to get a uniform size, then heated through torrefaction into bioenergy so that its utilization is more optimal and can increase economic value. Torrefaction is slow heating of biomass with a temperature range of 200oC-300oC with a state of little oxygen or without oxygen. Torrefaction was carried out using an electric furnace with a target temperature of 280oC and a duration of 20 minutes. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of torrefaction on the chemical properties of EFB pellets. The results of this study are hemicellulose and cellulose decreased by 0,58% - 0,77%, this happens because hemicellulose and cellulose are degraded with increasing temperature and time of torrefaction. This is confirmed by changes in the line spectrum for FT-IR analysis where C-O, C=C, C-H, and O-H experience changes in the line spectrum that indicate changes in chemical composition. while lignin increased after torrefaction by 2,71%. Water content in EFB pellets decreased by 0,65%, while EFB pellets without treatment (control) by 14,95% after torrefaction became 22,70%. The volatile content of EFB control pellets was 69,55% after torrefaction to 61,21% so that the fixed carbon content of EFB control pellets was 10,03% and EFB pellets after torrefaction became 14,23%. The heat value of EFB pellets before torrefaction is 15,82 MJ/kg, and after torrefaction, the heating value increases to 18,28 MJ/kg so that it reaches the standard requirements of SNI 8675: 2018 as biomass pellets. Torrefaction pellets from EFB can provide a large increase in the quality of the bioenergy chemical properties. Biomass torrefaction is very suitable for combustion in power plants and home industries. Keywords:Chemical composition, FTIR,oil palm empty fruit bunches, torrefaction ABSTRAK Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) merupakan salah satu biomassa hasil pertanian. Limbah padat perkebunan sawit yang relatif mudah dijumpai ialah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Biomassa TKKS dikonversikan menjadi pelet untuk mendapatkan ukuran yang seragam, kemudian ditorefaksi untuk digunakan sebagai bioenergi sehingga pemanfaatannya lebih optimal dan dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi. Torefaksi merupakan pemanasan biomassa secara perlahan dengan kisaran suhu 200oC – 300oC dengan keadaan sedikit oksigen bahkan tanpa oksigen. Torefaksi dilakukan menggunakan electric furnace dengan target suhu 280oC dan durasi selama 20 menit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh torefaksi terhadap sifat kimia pelet TKKS. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah kadar hemiselulosa dan selulosa menurun sebesar 0,58% - 0,77% hal tersebut terjadi karena hemiselulosa dan selulosa terdegradasi seiring dengan peningkatan suhu dan waktu torefaksi. Hal tersebut diperkuat dengan perubahan gugus fungsi terhadap analisis FT-IR dimana gugus C-O, C=C, C-H, dan O-H mengalami perubahan spektrum garis pita yang menandakan adanya perubahan komposisi kimia. Sedangkan kadar lignin meningkat setelah torefaksi sebesar 2,71%. Kadar air pada pelet TKKS menurun sebesar 0,65 %, sedangkan abu pelet TKKS tanpa perlakuan (kontrol) sebesar 14,95% setelah tertorefaksi menjadi 22,70. Zat terbang pelet TKKS kontrol sebesar 69,55% setelah tertorefaksi menjadi 61,21% sehingga diperoleh nilai karbon terikat pelet TKKS kontrol sebesar 10,03% dan pelet TKKS yang tertorefaksi sebesar 14,23%. Nilai kalor pelet TKKS sebelum torefaksi sebesar 15,82 MJ/kg, dan setelah torefaksi nilai kalor meningkat menjadi 18,28 MJ/kg sehingga memenuhi SNI 8675:2018 pelet biomassa. Pelet TKKS yang tertorefaksi dapat memberikan peningkatan besar dalam kualitas sifat kimia bioenergi. Biomassa yang tortorefaksi sangat cocok untuk pembakaran di pembangkit listrik dan industri.  Kata Kunci:  FTIR,komposisi kimia,tandan kosong kelapa sawit, torefaksi

Manufacturing Chopper of Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Abdi Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Rotational Frequency ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Tool Performance ◽  
Technical Examination ◽  
The One

Agriculture’s waste is still minimum to utilized the one is empty fruit bunches (EFB), as like happened in the PT. XYZ (Xxx Yyy Zzz). EFB usually left rot into compost naturally which is need decomposition period 6 – 12 months. This research aims to design chopper of EFB and carry out a technical examination of the tool performance. Testing performed by using 5 kgs EFB at three repetition with the average of water content and fat content respectively 32.06 % and 7.46 %. The average of effective work capacity 81.46 ± 5.58 kg/hr, chopped 43.33 ± 0.58 %, percentage do not chop 54.00 ± 1.73 %, percentage of yield loss 2.67 ± 1.15 %, measure the thickness of the chopping 0.5 – 1 cm, 1 – 5 cm, 5 – 10 cm, and >10 cm consecutive were 64.53 %, 15.40 %, 9.21 %, and 10.85 %, the rotational frequency 1121 ± 14.73 rpm, and noise level of chopper between 91.17 to 94.40 dB. Chopping use this chopper of EFB was 13 times more efficient than manual chopping.

Characterization and adsorption kinetic study of surfactant treated oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunches

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (20) ◽  
pp. 9474-9487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Danish ◽  
Tanweer Ahmad ◽  
Rokiah Hashim ◽  
Mohd Ridzuan Hafiz ◽  
Arniza Ghazali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Adsorption Kinetic ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches
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