An in vivo biomechanical analysis of the soft-tissue envelope of osteoarthritic knees

Glenohumeral joint stability is provided by complex interaction between the passive (bony geometry, capsule, and ligaments) and active (muscles) stabilizers [1]. The functional roles of geometry, capsule, ligaments, and muscles have been evaluated by sequential cutting studies [2–4] or direct measurements [5–7]. However these isolated function of individual stabilizer does not replicate in vivo glenohumeral joint biomechanics where the joint stability is controlled by interaction between passive and active stabilizers. Direct measurement device instrumentation on the soft tissue do not allow entire capsular strain measurement during rotational range of motion. Sequential cutting of the soft tissue can result in alteration in the synergy of passive and active stabilizers. To replicate in vivo interaction between passive and active stabilizers it is required to minimize the measurement device instrumentation on the glenohumeral joint capsule while the joint stability is provided by both passive and active stabilizers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the simultaneous contribution of the capsule and muscles using a geometry-driven biomechanical analysis.

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Biomechanics of the Canine Elbow Joint

10.5772/intechopen.99569 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Rohwedder

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Elbow Joint ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Joint Movement ◽

Motion Pattern ◽

Soft Tissue Envelope ◽

Veterinary Research ◽

Musculoskeletal Anatomy ◽

Complex Joint

The canine elbow joint is a complex joint, whose musculoskeletal anatomy is well investigated. During the last 30 years kinematic analysis has gained importance in veterinary research and kinematics of the healthy and medial coronoid disease affected canine elbow joint are progressively investigated. Video-kinematographic analysis represents the most commonly used technique and multiple studies have investigated the range of motion, angular velocity, duration of swing and stance phase, stride length and other kinematic parameters, mostly in the sagittal plane only. However, this technique is more error-prone and data gained by video-kinematography represent the kinematics of the whole limb including the soft tissue envelope. A more precise evaluation of the in vivo bone and joint movement can only been achieved using fluoroscopic kinematography. Based on recent studies significant differences in the motion pattern between healthy joints and elbows with medial coronoid disease could be detected. Thereby not only adaptive changes, caused by pain and lameness, could be described, but primary changes in the micromotion of the joint forming bones could be found, which potentially represent new factors in the pathogenesis of medial coronoid disease. This chapter gives a review of current literature on elbow joint kinematics, with particular focus onto pathologic biomechanics in dysplastic canine elbows.

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Evaluation of 99mTc-Label led Vitamin K4 as an Agent for Testicular Imaging

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1629552 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 30 (01) ◽

pp. 35-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. S. Durak ◽

M. Kitapgi ◽

B. E. Caner ◽

R. Senekowitsch ◽

M. T. Ercan

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Left Testis ◽

Wide Range ◽

Activity Ratios ◽

The Right ◽

Radioactivity Levels

Vitamin K4 was labelled with 99mTc with an efficiency higher than 97%. The compound was stable up to 24 h at room temperature, and its biodistribution in NMRI mice indicated its in vivo stability. Blood radioactivity levels were high over a wide range. 10% of the injected activity remained in blood after 24 h. Excretion was mostly via kidneys. Only the liver and kidneys concentrated appreciable amounts of radioactivity. Testis/soft tissue ratios were 1.4 and 1.57 at 6 and 24 h, respectively. Testis/blood ratios were lower than 1. In vitro studies with mouse blood indicated that 33.9 ±9.6% of the radioactivity was associated with RBCs; it was washed out almost completely with saline. Protein binding was 28.7 ±6.3% as determined by TCA precipitation. Blood clearance of 99mTc-l<4 in normal subjects showed a slow decrease of radioactivity, reaching a plateau after 16 h at 20% of the injected activity. In scintigraphic images in men the testes could be well visualized. The right/left testis ratio was 1.08 ±0.13. Testis/soft tissue and testis/blood activity ratios were highest at 3 h. These ratios were higher than those obtained with pertechnetate at 20 min post injection.99mTc-l<4 appears to be a promising radiopharmaceutical for the scintigraphic visualization of testes.

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Non-invasive diagnostics in fossils - Magnetic Resonance Imaging of pathological belemnites

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-2-133-2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 133-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

D. Mietchen ◽

H. Keupp ◽

B. Manz ◽

F. Volke

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Clinical Diagnostics ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Invasive Diagnostics

Abstract. For more than a decade, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been routinely employed in clinical diagnostics because it allows non-invasive studies of anatomical structures and physiological processes in vivo and to differentiate between healthy and pathological states, particularly of soft tissue. Here, we demonstrate that MRI can likewise be applied to fossilized biological samples and help in elucidating paleopathological and paleoecological questions: Five anomalous guards of Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites are presented along with putative paleopathological diagnoses directly derived from 3D MR images with microscopic resolution. Syn vivo deformities of both the mineralized internal rostrum and the surrounding former soft tissue can be traced back in part to traumatic events of predator-prey-interactions, and partly to parasitism. Besides, evidence is presented that the frequently observed anomalous apical collar might be indicative of an inflammatory disease. These findings highlight the potential of Magnetic Resonance techniques for further paleontological applications.

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Predicting in Vivo Soft Tissue Masses of the Lower Extremity Using Segment Anthropometric Measures and DXA

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.21.4.371 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 371-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jeffrey D. Holmes ◽

David M. Andrews ◽

Jennifer L. Durkin ◽

James J. Dowling

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Prediction Equation ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Soft Tissue Masses ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Relative Errors ◽

Dxa Scans

The purpose of this study was to derive and validate regression equations for the prediction of fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), wobbling mass (WM), and bone mineral content (BMC) of the thigh, leg, and leg + foot segments of living people from easily measured segmental anthropometric measures. The segment masses of 68 university-age participants (26 M, 42 F) were obtained from full-body dual photon x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, and were used as the criterion values against which predicted masses were compared. Comprehensive anthropometric measures (6 lengths, 6 circumferences, 8 breadths, 4 skinfolds) were taken bilaterally for the thigh and leg for each person. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to derive a prediction equation for each mass type and segment. Prediction equations exhibited high adjustedR2values in general (0.673 to 0.925), with higher correlations evident for the LM and WM equations than for FM and BMC. Predicted (equations) and measured (DXA) segment LM and WM were also found to be highly correlated (R2= 0.85 to 0.96), and FM and BMC to a lesser extent (R2= 0.49 to 0.78). Relative errors between predicted and measured masses ranged between 0.7% and –11.3% for all those in the validation sample (n= 16). These results on university-age men and women are encouraging and suggest that in vivo estimates of the soft tissue masses of the lower extremity can be made fairly accurately from simple segmental anthropometric measures.

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Concomitant control of mechanical properties and degradation in resorbable elastomer-like materials using stereochemistry and stoichiometry for soft tissue engineering

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-20610-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mary Beth Wandel ◽

Craig A. Bell ◽

Jiayi Yu ◽

Maria C. Arno ◽

Nathan Z. Dreger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Soft Tissue Regeneration ◽

Soft Tissue Engineering ◽

Degradation Properties ◽

Enhance Cell Adhesion

AbstractComplex biological tissues are highly viscoelastic and dynamic. Efforts to repair or replace cartilage, tendon, muscle, and vasculature using materials that facilitate repair and regeneration have been ongoing for decades. However, materials that possess the mechanical, chemical, and resorption characteristics necessary to recapitulate these tissues have been difficult to mimic using synthetic resorbable biomaterials. Herein, we report a series of resorbable elastomer-like materials that are compositionally identical and possess varying ratios of cis:trans double bonds in the backbone. These features afford concomitant control over the mechanical and surface eroding degradation properties of these materials. We show the materials can be functionalized post-polymerization with bioactive species and enhance cell adhesion. Furthermore, an in vivo rat model demonstrates that degradation and resorption are dependent on succinate stoichiometry in the elastomers and the results show limited inflammation highlighting their potential for use in soft tissue regeneration and drug delivery.

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Improvement of biohistological response of facial implant materials by tantalum surface treatment

Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery ◽

10.1186/s40902-019-0231-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Mousa Bakri ◽

Sung Ho Lee ◽

Jong Ho Lee

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Bone Surface ◽

Tissue Thickness ◽

Implant Materials ◽

Soft Tissue Thickness

Abstract Background A compact passive oxide layer can grow on tantalum (Ta). It has been reported that this oxide layer can facilitate bone ingrowth in vivo though the development of bone-like apatite, which promotes hard and soft tissue adhesion. Thus, Ta surface treatment on facial implant materials may improve the tissue response, which could result in less fibrotic encapsulation and make the implant more stable on the bone surface. The purposes of this study were to verify whether surface treatment of facial implant materials using Ta can improve the biohistobiological response and to determine the possibility of potential clinical applications. Methods Two different and commonly used implant materials, silicone and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), were treated via Ta ion implantation using a Ta sputtering gun. Ta-treated samples were compared with untreated samples using in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Osteoblast (MG-63) and fibroblast (NIH3T3) cell viability with the Ta-treated implant material was assessed, and the tissue response was observed by placing the implants over the rat calvarium (n = 48) for two different lengths of time. Foreign body and inflammatory reactions were observed, and soft tissue thickness between the calvarium and the implant as well as the bone response was measured. Results The treatment of facial implant materials using Ta showed a tendency toward increased fibroblast and osteoblast viability, although this result was not statistically significant. During the in vivo study, both Ta-treated and untreated implants showed similar foreign body reactions. However, the Ta-treated implant materials (silicone and ePTFE) showed a tendency toward better histological features: lower soft tissue thickness between the implant and the underlying calvarium as well as an increase in new bone activity. Conclusion Ta surface treatment using ion implantation on silicone and ePTFE facial implant materials showed the possibility of reducing soft tissue intervention between the calvarium and the implant to make the implant more stable on the bone surface. Although no statistically significant improvement was observed, Ta treatment revealed a tendency toward an improved biohistological response of silicone and ePTFE facial implants. Conclusively, tantalum treatment is beneficial and has the potential for clinical applications.

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Load Response of the Tarsal Bones in Patients with Flatfoot Deformity: In Vivo 3D Study

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.3113/fai.2011.1017 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (11) ◽

pp. 1017-1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Masamitsu Kido ◽

Kazuya Ikoma ◽

Kan Imai ◽

Masahiro Maki ◽

Ryota Takatori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Load Condition ◽

Clinical Analysis ◽

Biomechanical Analysis ◽

Talonavicular Joint ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Tibiotalar Joint ◽

Talocalcaneal Joint ◽

Load Response ◽

Tarsal Bones

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone rotation of each joint in the hindfoot and compare the load response in healthy feet with that in flatfeet by analyzing the reconstructive three-dimensional (3D) CT image data during weightbearing. Methods: CT scans of 21 healthy feet and 21 feet with flatfoot deformity were taken in non-load condition followed by full-body weightbearing load condition. The images of the hindfoot bones were reconstructed into 3D models. The volume merge method in three planes was used to calculate the position of the talus relative to the tibia in the tibiotalar joint, the navicular relative to the talus in talonavicular joint, and the calcaneus relative to the talus in the talocalcaneal joint. Results: The talar position difference to the load response relative to the tibia in the tibiotalar joint in a flatfoot was 1.7 degrees more plantarflexed in comparison to that in a healthy foot ( p = 0.031). The navicular position difference to the load response relative to the talus in the talonavicular joint was 2.3 degrees more everted ( p = 0.0034). The calcaneal position difference to the load response relative to the talus in the talocalcaneal joint was 1.1 degrees more dorsiflexed ( p = 0.0060) and 1.7 degrees more everted ( p = 0.0018). Conclusion: Referring to previous cadaver study, regarding not only the cadaveric foot, but also the live foot, joint instability occurred in the hindfoot with load in patients with flatfoot. Clinical Relevance: The method used in this study might be applied to clinical analysis of foot diseases such as the staging of flatfoot and to biomechanical analysis to evaluate the effects of foot surgery in the future. Level of Evidence: III

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