The relationship between profiles of plagiogravitropism and morphometry of columella cells during the development of lateral roots of Vigna angularis

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Kuya ◽  
Seiichi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Vigna Angularis ◽  
Columella Cells ◽  
The Relationship

Probable sites for passive movement of ions across the endodermis

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Dumbroff ◽  
D. R. Peirson
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Effective Barrier ◽  
Casparian Strip ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
The Relationship

The endodermis, with its associated Casparian strip, is generally believed to act as an effective barrier to the passive movement of ions from the cortex to the xylem in young roots. However, several workers have suggested that the functional integrity of the endodermis might be somewhat impaired with the emergence of branch roots from the pericycle, thus providing pathways for the mass flow of water and ions into the stele. The present work was undertaken to examine the validity of this hypothesis.Sections of lateral roots embedded in glycol methacrylate were stained and examined by fluorescence microscopy, and a general picture of the relationship between branch root development and concomitant changes in the endodermis emerged. The endodermal cells of the parent root were found to maintain a continuous, unbroken, suberized layer over the surface of a very young lateral root, but with continued elongation there is a period when formation of the Casparian strip lags behind division of endodermal cells. It appears likely that, at this stage, water and ions can enter the stele of the parent root by mass flow.

scholarly journals Antagonistic and auxin-dependent phosphoregulation of columella PIN proteins controls lateral root gravitropic setpoint angle in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suruchi Roychoudhry ◽  
Katelyn Sageman-Furnas ◽  
Chris Wolverton ◽  
Heather L. Goodman ◽  
Peter Grones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Gravity Vector ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Gravitropic Response ◽  
Auxin Distribution ◽  
Columella Cells ◽  
Molecular Framework

AbstractLateral roots of many species are maintained at non-vertical angles with respect to gravity. These gravitropic setpoint angles (GSAs) are intriguing because their maintenance requires that roots are able to effect gravitropic response both with and against the gravity vector. Here we have used the Arabidopsis lateral root in order to investigate the molecular basis of the maintenance of non-vertical GSAs. We show that gravitropism in the lateral root is angle-dependent and that both upward and downward graviresponse requires auxin transport and the generation of auxin asymmetries consistent with the Cholodny-Went model. We show that the symmetry in auxin distribution in lateral roots growing at GSA can be traced back to a net, balanced polarization of PIN3 and PIN7 auxin transporters in the columella cells. Further, upward and downward graviresponse in lateral roots correlates with corresponding changes in PIN3 and PIN7 polar localisation. Finally, we show that auxin, in addition to driving tropic growth in the lateral root, acts within the columella to regulate GSA via the PIN phosphatase subunit RCN1 in a PIN3-dependent and PIN7-independent manner. Together, these findings provide a molecular framework for understanding gravity-dependent nonvertical growth in Arabidopsis lateral roots.

Geoperception in primary and lateral roots of Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae). II. Intracellular distribution of organelles in columella cells

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1090-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Steven Ransom ◽  
Randy Moore
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Columella Cells ◽  
Primary And Lateral Roots ◽  
Cellular Components

A morphometric analysis of the ultrastructures of columella cells in primary and lateral roots of Phaseolus vulgaris was performed to determine the precise location of cellular components in these cells. Roots were fixed in situ to preserve the in vivo ultrastructure of the cells. All cellular components in columella cells of both types of roots were distributed asymmetrically. The nucleus and vacuome were located primarily in the middle third of both types of columella cells. Dictyosomes, mitochondria, and amyloplasts were most abundant in the lower third of the columella cells in both types of roots. The distribution of amyloplasts was the most asymmetrical of all cellular components examined, with the lower third of the columella cells containing approximately 90% of the relative volume of amyloplasts in both types of roots. The distribution of cellular components in columella cells of primary roots was not significantly different from that of columella cells of lateral roots. These results indicate that differences in georesponsiveness of primary and lateral roots of P. vulgaris are probably due to factors other than the ultrastructures of their individual columella cells.

scholarly journals Developmental programs for lateral root and symbiotic nodule organogenesis: evolution of similarities and differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Demchenko ◽  
A. S. Kiryushkin ◽  
E. L. Ilina ◽  
E. D. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Symbiotic Nodule ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Domain Protein ◽  
The Relationship

In order to understand the relationship between genetic programs for the development of different types of lateral roots and symbiotic nodules, a comparative analysis of promoter activity of LOB-DOMAIN PROTEIN family genes was carried out.

Inhibition of Cotton and Soybean Roots from Incorporated Trifluralin and Persistence in Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Oliver ◽  
R. E. Frans
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Soil Persistence ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Power Tiller ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Root Inhibition

Inhibition of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) lateral roots by alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) was directly related to depth and method of incorporation. Root inhibition of the crop plants was reduced when trifluralin was incorporated shallowly after planting with either a power tiller or a ground-driven tiller, to a depth no greater than 0.5 in above seed placement. A bioassay of the soil showed that disking trifluralin-treated plots before bedding caused the greatest retention of the material 3 weeks later, and that retention was less when the herbicide was applied and shallowly incorporated after planting. Further studies on the relationship of soil persistence of trifluralin to depth of incorporation 6 months after application, showed no herbicide present in plots not incorporated while only minimal residues were found where incorporation was no deeper than 1 in. Residues in plots incorporated below the 2-in depth were moderate at 0.5 to 1 lb/A rates and high at the 2 lb/A rate and above.

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

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