scholarly journals The role of far-red spectral states in the energy regulation of phycobilisomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 1860 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjaart P.J. Krüger ◽  
Rienk van Grondelle ◽  
Michal Gwizdala
Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
Kayvan Khoramipour ◽  
Karim Chamari ◽  
Amirhosein Ahmadi Hekmatikar ◽  
Amirhosein Ziyaiyan ◽  
Shima Taherkhani ◽  
...  

Adiponectin (a protein consisting of 244 amino acids and characterized by a molecular weight of 28 kDa) is a cytokine that is secreted from adipose tissues (adipokine). Available evidence suggests that adiponectin is involved in a variety of physiological functions, molecular and cellular events, including lipid metabolism, energy regulation, immune response and inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. It has a protective effect on neurons and neural stem cells. Adiponectin levels have been reported to be negatively correlated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, and shown to be affected (i.e., significantly increased) by proper healthy nutrition. The present review comprehensively overviews the role of adiponectin in a range of diseases, showing that it can be used as a biomarker for diagnosing these disorders as well as a target for monitoring the effectiveness of preventive and treatment interventions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Fock ◽  
Vera Bachteeva ◽  
Elena Lavrova ◽  
Rimma Parnova

The effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on eukaryotic cell could be accompanied by a significant metabolic shift that includes accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets (LD), ubiquitous organelles associated with fatty acid storage, energy regulation and demonstrated tight spatial and functional connections with mitochondria. The impairment of mitochondrial activity under pathological stimuli has been shown to provoke TAG storage and LD biogenesis. However the potential mechanisms that link mitochondrial disturbances and TAG accumulation are not completely understood. We hypothesize that mitochondrial ROS (mROS) may play a role of a trigger leading to subsequent accumulation of intracellular TAG and LD in response to a bacterial stimulus. Using isolated epithelial cells from the frog urinary bladder, we showed that LPS decreased fatty acids oxidation, enhanced TAG deposition, and promoted LD formation. LPS treatment did not affect the mitochondrial membrane potential but increased cellular ROS production and led to impairment of mitochondrial function as revealed by decreased ATP production and a reduced maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and OCR directed at ATP turnover. The mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant MitoQ at a dose of 25 nM did not prevent LPS-induced alterations in cellular respiration, but, in contrast to nonmitochondrial antioxidant α-tocopherol, reduced the effect of LPS on the generation of ROS, restored the LPS-induced decline of fatty acids oxidation, and prevented accumulation of TAG and LD biogenesis. The data obtained indicate the key signaling role of mROS in the lipid metabolic shift that occurs under the impact of a bacterial pathogen in epithelial cells.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117955141988887
Author(s):  
Andrew English ◽  
Nigel Irwin

The pancreas has physiologically important endocrine and exocrine functions; secreting enzymes into the small intestine to aid digestion and releasing multiple peptide hormones via the islets of Langerhans to regulate glucose metabolism, respectively. Insulin and glucagon, in combination with ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin, are the main classical islet peptides critical for the maintenance of blood glucose. However, pancreatic islets also synthesis numerous ‘nonclassical’ peptides that have recently been demonstrated to exert fundamental effects on overall islet function and metabolism. As such, insights into the physiological relevance of these nonclassical peptides have shown impact on glucose metabolism, insulin action, cell survival, weight loss, and energy expenditure. This review will focus on the role of individual nonclassical islet peptides to stimulate pancreatic islet secretions as well as regulate metabolism. In addition, the more recognised actions of these peptides on satiety and energy regulation will also be considered. Furthermore, recent advances in the field of peptide therapeutics and obesity-diabetes have focused on the benefits of simultaneously targeting several hormone receptor signalling cascades. The potential for nonclassical islet hormones within such combinational approaches will also be discussed.


2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (1) ◽  
pp. E1-E7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kovsan ◽  
Nava Bashan ◽  
Andrew S. Greenberg ◽  
Assaf Rudich

Autophagy is a major degradative pathway(s) by which intracellular components are delivered into the lysosomes. It is largely implicated in determining cell death and survival because it eliminates unnecessary, damaged, and/or potentially harmful cellular products and organelles and is an important source for nutrients and energy production under conditions of external nutrient deficiency. As such, autophagy has been suggested to contribute to the regulation of carbohydrate and protein metabolism during fasting. Recently, three papers implicated a role for autophagy in cellular lipid metabolism as well. This Perspectives article presents these novel findings in the context of prior studies on the role of autophagy and lysosomes in metabolic and energy regulation, discusses their points of agreement and opposing propositions, and outlines key outstanding questions.


Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Wisniewski ◽  
Robert A. Dowden ◽  
Sara C. Campbell

Inflammation and its resolution is a tenuous balance that is under constant contest. Though several regulatory mechanisms are employed to maintain homeostasis, disruptions in the regulation of inflammation can lead to detrimental effects for the host. Of note, the gut and microbial dysbiosis are implicated in the pathology of systemic chronic low-grade inflammation which has been linked to several metabolic diseases. What remains to be described is the extent to which dietary fat and concomitant changes in the gut microbiota contribute to, or arise from, the onset of metabolic disorders. The present review will highlight the role of microorganisms in host energy regulation and several mechanisms that contribute to inflammatory pathways. This review will also discuss the immunomodulatory effects of the endocannabinoid system and its link with the gut microbiota. Finally, a brief discussion arguing for improved taxonomic resolution (at the species and strain level) is needed to deepen our current knowledge of the microbiota and host inflammatory state.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Melaty Anggraini ◽  
Sika Nur Indah

This study examines the role of an epistemic community, namely the Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR) which focuses on energy and the environment in encouraging the transformation towards a sustainable energy system in Indonesia by analyzing the public policy advocacy efforts IESR has carried out. Indonesia has set a Renewable Energy transition target in every national energy regulation. Still, it has not been focused and has become a top priority in supporting the renewable energy transition sector, so it is necessary to involve IESR in helping to pursue a renewable energy transition roadmap in the future and be included in the draft energy bill academic paper. In its action to create an energy transition roadmap, IESR collaborates with the media to accelerate the renewable energy transition and push for legislation on its legal policies. The purpose of this study is to identify the efforts made by IESR in accelerating the change of renewable energy through collaboration with the media (media relations). The method used is a literature study focusing on examining the role of IESR in framing renewable energy issues through the media. From the analysis results, it was found that IESR data-based policy advocacy research published in the media has contributed to crafting knowledge to change a transformation of norms in social society, especially in the field of renewable energy issues.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-166
Author(s):  
Melinda Perecsényi

In our globalised world the phenomenon of Babylonian confusion can be observed in relation to the concept of sovereignty, and the boundaries of national, European, and international law are becoming increasingly blurred. In the following, I will seek an answer to the question how the term of sovereignty is rewritten, and the scope of its interpretation expanded in our globalised and Europeanised surroundings. In this context, I will present firstly some major international and Hungarian approaches to the definition of sovereignty in modern times. Secondly, I will examine how the sovereignty of the Member States has developed in the European Union, highlighting to what extent can we talk about a sovereign energy policy of the Member States in the light of shared competences adopted in the field of energy policy. Thirdly, I will scrutinise how EU energy policy can change in the near future, and what kind of a role Member States can play in this process. As there is still no universally accepted definition of sovereignty, the role of science is essential in the conceptualisation of the term. The Treaty of Lisbon has brought a supranational turn also in the field of energy, but Member States still have a relatively wide leeway to create their own regulatory framework that takes into account their national and regional characteristics. Environmental considerations in recent years have led to the initiation of a single energy market and the creation of the European energy union that is expected to become more intense in the near future. Therefore, it is crucial for Member States, both at a national and a regional level, to be actively involved in the establishment and formulation of community law in order to be able to represent their interest effectively.


2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina N. Kravchuk ◽  
Alexander E. Neimark ◽  
Elena N. Grineva ◽  
Mikhail M. Galagudza

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are among the major problems of modern society. The increase in obesity is associated with a corresponding increase in type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. A huge amount of scientific research has been devoted to the development of methods to reduce obesity and its complications. In recent years, attention has shifted towards studying the intestinal microbiota not only as a possible component of the pathological process but also as a target of therapeutic intervention. Recent evidence, primarily from investigations in animal models, suggests that the intestinal microbiota affects nutrient acquisition and energy regulation. This review will discuss the role of the intestinal microbiota in metabolic processes as well as the latest developments on the improvement of disturbances specific to obesity and metabolic syndrome.


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