scholarly journals Phosphatidic acid biosynthesis in the model organism yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae - a survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 158907
Author(s):  
Karin Athenstaedt
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

scholarly journals Redundant Systems of Phosphatidic Acid Biosynthesis via Acylation of Glycerol-3-Phosphate or Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (5) ◽  
pp. 1458-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Athenstaedt ◽  
Sabine Weys ◽  
Fritz Paltauf ◽  
Günther Daum
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Lipid Particles ◽  
In Vivo Labeling

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lipid particles harbor two acyltransferases, Gat1p and Slc1p, which catalyze subsequent steps of acylation required for the formation of phosphatidic acid. Both enzymes are also components of the endoplasmic reticulum, but this compartment contains additional acyltransferase(s) involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid (K. Athenstaedt and G. Daum, J. Bacteriol. 179:7611–7616, 1997). Using the gat1 mutant strain TTA1, we show here that Gat1p present in both subcellular fractions accepts glycerol-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate as a substrate. Similarly, the additional acyltransferase(s) present in the endoplasmic reticulum can acylate both precursors. In contrast, yeast mitochondria harbor an enzyme(s) that significantly prefers dihydroxyacetone phosphate as a substrate for acylation, suggesting that at least one additional independent acyltransferase is present in this organelle. Surprisingly, enzymatic activity of 1-acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase, which is required for the conversion of 1-acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate to 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid), is detectable only in lipid particles and the endoplasmic reticulum and not in mitochondria. In vivo labeling of wild-type cells with [2-3H, U-14C]glycerol revealed that both glycerol-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be incorporated as a backbone of glycerolipids. In the gat1 mutant and the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase slc1 mutant, the dihydroxyacetone phosphate pathway of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis is slightly preferred as compared to the wild type. Thus, mutations of the major acyltransferases Gat1p and Slc1p lead to an increased contribution of mitochondrial acyltransferase(s) to glycerolipid synthesis due to their substrate preference for dihydroxyacetone phosphate.

scholarly journals Fmp30, Mdm31, and Mdm32 Function in Ups1-Independent Cardiolipin Accumulation Under Low Phosphatidylethanolamine Conditions

Contact ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 251525641876404
Author(s):  
Non Miyata ◽  
Osamu Kuge
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane ◽  
Per Se

Maintenance of the cardiolipin (CL) level largely depends on Ups1-Mdm35 complex-mediated intramitochondrial phosphatidic acid transfer. In addition, the presence of an alternative CL accumulation pathway has been suggested in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This pathway is independent of the Ups1-Mdm35 complex and stimulated by loss of Ups2, which forms a complex with Mdm35 and mediates intramitochondrial transfer of phosphatidylserine for phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis. Recently, we found that the alternative CL accumulation pathway is enhanced by a lowered phosphatidylethanolamine level, not by loss of Ups2 per se, and depends on three mitochondrial inner membrane proteins, Fmp30, Mdm31, and Mdm32.

scholarly journals Leveraging budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for discovering aging modulation substances for functional food

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Shaoyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Cell Factory ◽  
Compression Of Morbidity ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Background: Discovery of bioactive substances contained in functional food and the mechanism of their aging modulation are imperative steps in developing better, potent and safer functional food for promoting health and compression of morbidity in the aging population.  Budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is invaluable model organism for aging modulation and bioactive compounds discovery. In this paper we have conceptualised a framework for achieving such aim. This framework consists of four components: discovering targets for aging modulation, discovering and validating caloric restriction mimetics, acting as cellular systems for screening natural products or compounds for aging modulation and being a biological factory for producing bioactive compounds according to the roles the yeast systems play. It have been argued that the component of being a biological factory for producing bioactive compounds has much underexplored which also present an opportunity for new active substance discovery and validation for health promotion in functional food industry.Keywords: Aging modulation, budding yeast, functional food, bioactive substances, cell factory

scholarly journals The links between hypertrophy, reproductive potential and longevity in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast.

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Molon ◽  
Renata Zadrag-Tecza
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Daughter Cells

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has long been used as a model organism for studying the basic mechanisms of aging. However, the main problem with the use of this unicellular fungus is the unit of "longevity". For all organisms, lifespan is expressed in units of time, while in the case of yeast it is defined by the number of daughter cells produced. Additionally, in yeast the phenotypic effects of mutations often show a clear dependence on the genetic background, suggesting the need for an analysis of strains representing different genetic backgrounds. Our results confirm the data presented in earlier papers that the reproductive potential is strongly associated with an increase in cell volume per generation. An excessive cell volume results in the loss of reproductive capacity. These data clearly support the hypertrophy hypothesis. The time of life of all analysed mutants, with the exception of sch9D, is the same as in the case of the wild-type strain. Interestingly, the 121% increase of the fob1D mutant's reproductive potential compared to the sfp1D mutant does not result in prolongation of the mutant's time of life (total lifespan).

The Gcn2–eIF2α pathway connects iron and amino acid homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2018 ◽  
Vol 475 (8) ◽  
pp. 1523-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Caballero-Molada ◽  
María D. Planes ◽  
Helena Benlloch ◽  
Sergio Atares ◽  
Miguel A. Naranjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Amino Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Iron Sulfur ◽  
Amino Acid Homeostasis

In eukaryotic cells, amino acid biosynthesis is feedback-inhibited by amino acids through inhibition of the conserved protein kinase Gcn2. This decreases phosphorylation of initiation factor eIF2α, resulting in general activation of translation but inhibition of translation of mRNA for transcription factor (TF) Gcn4 in yeast or ATF4 in mammals. These TFs are positive regulators of amino acid biosynthetic genes. As several enzymes of amino acid biosynthesis contain iron–sulfur clusters (ISCs) and iron excess is toxic, iron and amino acid homeostasis should be co-ordinated. Working with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we found that amino acid supplementation down-regulates expression of genes for iron uptake and decreases intracellular iron content. This cross-regulation requires Aft1, the major TF activated by iron scarcity, as well as Gcn2 and phosphorylatable eIF2α but not Gcn4. A mutant with constitutive activity of Gcn2 (GCN2c) shows less repression of iron transport genes by amino acids and increased nuclear localization of Aft1 in an iron-poor medium, and increases iron content in this medium. As Aft1 is activated by depletion of mitochondrial ISCs, it is plausible that the Gcn2–eIF2α pathway inhibits the formation of these complexes. Accordingly, the GCN2c mutant has strongly reduced activity of succinate dehydrogenase, an iron–sulfur mitochondrial enzyme, and is unable to grow in media with very low iron or with galactose instead of glucose, conditions where formation of ISCs is specially needed. This mechanism adjusts the uptake of iron to the needs of amino acid biosynthesis and expands the list of Gcn4-independent activities of the Gcn2–eIF2α regulatory system.

scholarly journals Yeast as a Tool to Understand the Significance of Human Disease-Associated Gene Variants

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Tiziana Cervelli ◽  
Alvaro Galli
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Next Generation Dna Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Technologies

At present, the great challenge in human genetics is to provide significance to the growing amount of human disease-associated gene variants identified by next generation DNA sequencing technologies. Increasing evidences suggest that model organisms are of pivotal importance to addressing this issue. Due to its genetic tractability, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae represents a valuable model organism for understanding human genetic variability. In the present review, we show how S. cerevisiae has been used to study variants of genes involved in different diseases and in different pathways, highlighting the versatility of this model organism.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequence and Variant Analysis of W303, a Widely-Used Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2219-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinnari Matheson ◽  
Lance Parsons ◽  
Alison Gammie
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Abstract The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has emerged as a superior model organism. Selection of distinct laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae with unique phenotypic properties, such as superior mating or sporulation efficiencies, has facilitated advancements in research. W303 is one such laboratory strain that is closely related to the first completely sequenced yeast strain, S288C. In this work, we provide a high-quality, annotated genome sequence for W303 for utilization in comparative analyses and genome-wide studies. Approximately 9500 variations exist between S288C and W303, affecting the protein sequences of ∼700 genes. A listing of the polymorphisms and divergent genes is provided for researchers interested in identifying the genetic basis for phenotypic differences between W303 and S288C. Several divergent functional gene families were identified, including flocculation and sporulation genes, likely representing selection for desirable laboratory phenotypes. Interestingly, remnants of ancestor wine strains were found on several chromosomes. Finally, as a test of the utility of the high-quality reference genome, variant mapping revealed more accurate identification of accumulated mutations in passaged mismatch repair-defective strains.

scholarly journals Effects of Non-Thermal Plasma on Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2247
Author(s):  
Peter Polčic ◽  
Zdenko Machala
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cold Plasmas

Cold plasmas generated by various electrical discharges can affect cell physiology or induce cell damage that may often result in the loss of viability. Many cold plasma-based technologies have emerged in recent years that are aimed at manipulating the cells within various environments or tissues. These include inactivation of microorganisms for the purpose of sterilization, food processing, induction of seeds germination, but also the treatment of cells in the therapy. Mechanisms that underlie the plasma-cell interactions are, however, still poorly understood. Dissection of cellular pathways or structures affected by plasma using simple eukaryotic models is therefore desirable. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a traditional model organism with unprecedented impact on our knowledge of processes in eukaryotic cells. As such, it had been also employed in studies of plasma-cell interactions. This review focuses on the effects of cold plasma on yeast cells.

scholarly journals Signaling of Chloroquine-Induced Stress in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Requires the Hog1 and Slt2 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 5552-5566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Baranwal ◽  
Gajendra Kumar Azad ◽  
Vikash Singh ◽  
Raghuvir S. Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACTChloroquine (CQ) has been under clinical use for several decades, and yet little is known about CQ sensing and signaling mechanisms or about their impact on various biological pathways. We employed the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeas a model organism to study the pathways targeted by CQ. Our screening with yeast mutants revealed that it targets histone proteins and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Here, we also describe the novel role of mitogen-activated protein kinases Hog1 and Slt2, which aid in survival in the presence of CQ. Cells deficient in Hog1 or Slt2 are found to be CQ hypersensitive, and both proteins were phosphorylated in response to CQ exposure. CQ-activated Hog1p is translocated to the nucleus and facilitates the expression of GPD1 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), which is required for the synthesis of glycerol (one of the major osmolytes). Moreover, cells treated with CQ exhibited an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the effects were rescued by addition of reduced glutathione to the medium. The deletion of SOD1, the superoxide dismutase in yeast, resulted in hypersensitivity to CQ. We have also observed P38 as well as P42/44 phosphorylation in HEK293T human cells upon exposure to CQ, indicating that the kinds of responses generated in yeast and human cells are similar. In summary, our findings define the multiple biological pathways targeted by CQ that might be useful for understanding the toxicity modulated by this pharmacologically important molecule.

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