Tradeoffs between yield, disease incidence and conversion efficiency for selection of hybrid poplar genotypes as bioenergy feedstocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 106259
Author(s):  
Keonhee Kim ◽  
Priya Voothuluru ◽  
Choo Hamilton ◽  
Jessica McCord ◽  
Bijay Tamang ◽  
...  
1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1113-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda H. Lo ◽  
Lawrence P. Abrahamson ◽  
Edwin H. White ◽  
Paul D. Manion

Differences in percent survival, canker disease rating, and basal area (m2•ha−1) were quantified for a plantation of 54 hybrid poplar clones in northern New York at ages 3 and 9 years to test the hypothesis that early growth and canker incidence indicate future growth. Differences in growth and canker severity between clones with similar parentage were assessed. Five of the seven clones, which exhibited high basal areas and low disease ratings at 3 years of age, maintained their growth potential at 9 years of age. Four of the five clones, which had 0% survival at 9 years of age, had low basal areas at 3 years of age. The growth potential of the remaining clones was not accurately predicted based on early measures of growth and disease incidence. Variation in basal area and canker rating among clones within the same parentage group made it impossible to use parentage as a predictor of growth potential. Correlations among canker rating and basal area and percent survival increased over time, suggesting that impacts of canker disease became more significant with age. Septoriamusiva Peck was suspected to be the primary cause of stem cankers, but isolations revealed the presence of many fungi.


Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1224-1230
Author(s):  
Adrian I. Zuniga ◽  
Michelle S. Oliveira ◽  
Carolina S. Rebello ◽  
Natalia A. Peres

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) are the fungicides most commonly used to control Botrytis fruit rot on commercial strawberry in Florida. The medium-to-high risk of selection of resistance in the causal agent Botrytis cinerea is a threat to the efficacy of this fungicide group. In this study, we characterized the sensitivity of B. cinerea to the SDHI isofetamid, evaluated the SdhB gene mutation associated with resistance, and monitored resistance frequencies to five SDHI fungicides for two consecutive seasons. EC50 values of 70 isolates were obtained using the spiral gradient dilution (SGD) method and averaged 0.098 µg/ml of isofetamid. EC50 averages of 3.04 and >500.00 µg/ml were obtained for isolates with the N230I and P225F mutations indicating moderate and high resistance to isofetamid, respectively. A total of 565 B. cinerea isolates collected during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 seasons from strawberry nurseries and Florida production fields were evaluated using conidial germination assays. Results for the first season showed resistance frequencies of 95, 33, 21, 25, and 0% to boscalid, penthiopyrad, fluopyram, benzovindiflupyr, and isofetamid, respectively. The respective resistance frequencies for the following season were 91, 95, 44, 27, and 1.3%. Only three isolates were found to be moderately resistant to isofetamid during the second season, and the mutation N230I was identified after sequence analysis. These isolates were confirmed to be resistant to isofetamid in fruit assays with disease incidence of 55.6 to 77.0%; however, the conidial production of the isolates was inhibited by an average of 83.9%. In general, isofetamid efficacy was higher than the other evaluated SDHIs, but a slight increase in resistance frequencies was observed in our study.


2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Abdul Rashid ◽  
Muhammad R. Bashir ◽  
Muhammad A. Zeeshan ◽  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
...  

Bacterial leaf Blight of cotton a major seed borne foliar disease that attacks the crop at all growth stages leading to cause severe losses in conducive environment. To find out best source of resistance against pathogen this research was conducted in the field area Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Incidence of bacterial blight of cotton was determined on twenty eight varieties/advanced lines sown in field to determine the resistance resource against the disease. Two years data showed that seventeen varieties (BT-Z-33, BT-S-78, BT-786, BT-A-ONE, BT -282, BT-886, BT-3701, BT-SPECIAL, BT-802, Non Bt-FH 901, BT-92, BT-131, BT-905, BT-SUPPER, Non Bt-MNH 496, Non Bt-FH 1000, and BT-121) expressed moderately resistant response with 21-50 % disease incidence (rating 4). Five varieties viz. Non Bt-FH 207, Non BT-N 112, Non BT-FH 942, Non BT-MNH 6070 and Non Bt-FH 941exhibited moderately susceptible response with 51-70% disease incidence under rating 5. Four varieties namely Non BT-N 814, Non Bt-FH 900, Non BT-ANMOL and Non Bt-FH 2015 showed susceptible response with 71-80% disease incidence (rating 6) while Non BT-REDACOLA and Non BT-C 26 expressed highly susceptible response with disease incidence 81-100% rating 7 against bacterial blight disease of cotton. Results indicate that a wide range of resistant resource is present in Pakistan against the disease. The selection of diverse germplasm/resistant varieties through screening is the most efficient, environment friendly and economical management strategy for farmers against this disease.


2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Vissche ◽  
L.L.G. Janss ◽  
T.A. Niewold ◽  
K.H. de Greef

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ekdahl ◽  
J Giesecke

Comparable figures on disease incidence between countries are difficult to attain. We therefore compared risk of infection for Swedes going to other European countries. We took as the numerator the number of imported cases from European countries of campylobacter and giardia infection in the national Swedish surveillance database, and as the denominator, the number of visitors to each country from a commercial database on foreign travel. Risk of infection in tourists was also compared to national incidence figures for a selection of countries.


Author(s):  
Eliška Peňázová ◽  
Tomáš Kopta ◽  
Miloš Jurica ◽  
Jakub Pečenka ◽  
Aleš Eichmeier ◽  
...  

The susceptibility of twenty‑four cabbage breeding lines to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris was evaluated. The selection of appropriate inoculation method was done on 4 cabbage cultivars (‘Cerox’, ‘Sintex’, ‘Sonja’ and ‘Avak’). One month old plants were infected by 5 inoculation methods (spraying, injection by syringe, multiple pricking, carborundum abrasion and scissor clipping method). Four different bacterial isolates of Xcc (WHRI 3811, 3971A, 1279A; SU) and their mixture were evaluated for the aggressiveness on ‘Cerox’ and ‘Sonja’ cultivars. On the basis of obtained results, breeding lines of head cabbage were inoculated by mixture of all tested isolates using multiple pricking method. The disease severity of inoculated seedlings proved high susceptibility of young plants to the Xcc infection. The disease incidence determined 75 and 105 days after sowing showed changes for 16 of tested lines and indicated that resistance testing should be observed until mature stage. The study revealed five breeding lines (DP25, T1, IT10, Kalibos and Avak1) with disease incidence lower than 20 % as perspective sources of resistance for further breeding.


1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (03) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
J. E. Duckworth ◽  
M. McG. Cooper ◽  
A. G. Dunkin ◽  
J. M. Taylor ◽  
W Holmes

A report is given on a progeny testing scheme for bacon pigs which operated at Wye College from 1953 to 1957. Boars were brought to the unit, mated to a random selection of sows and 20 progeny (4 pigs from each of 5 litters) were individually fattened under standard conditions. Growth, feed efficiency and carcass measurements were recorded. The data were examined by analysis of variance. Significant differences in most characters were shown between sows, between boars and between tests. There was a progressive improvement in growth performance but not in carcass measurements from the earlier to the later tests. This was attributed in the main to improved management.Differences within litters were small for carcass length but large for backfat measurements. Significant differences between boars could be detected but this was limited by small numbers of boars within tests and the high variability of some characters. The growth performance and carcass characteristics of female pigs were significantly better than for castrated males. Estimates of heritability were fairly high for most characters.Disease incidence declined in the later tests. In earlier tests congestion of lungs associated with virus pneumonia was associated with a slight reduction in speed of growth and feed efficiency.The results are discussed with particular reference to their contribution to the evaluation and utilisation of progeny testing on a national basis.


HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 525a-525
Author(s):  
Marshall K. Elson ◽  
John F. Kelly ◽  
Muraleedharan G. Nair

Actinomycetes were isolated from asparagus field soil and bioassayed against Fusarium spp. in petri dishes. Extracts of the active organisms were bioassayed to determine if inhibition was caused by competition or antibiosis. The most active, antibiotic-producing organism was inoculated into test tubes with asparagus and Fusarium and evaluated for disease control. Asparagus seedlings were dipped in actinomycete suspension before planting in Fusarium-infested soil. These seedlings were evaluated for disease incidence after 8 weeks. Asparagus crowns could be dipped in actinomycete suspension before planting in the field.


2007 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie J. Ding

AbstractWe report our recent progress made on the development of widely-tunable monochromatic THz sources. They have been realized based on difference-frequency generation (DFG) in GaSe, ZnGeP2, and GaP crystals, respectively. Using a GaSe crystal, the output wavelength was tuned continuously in the range from 66.5 µm to 5664 µm (from 150 cm-1 to 1.77 cm-1) with the peak power reaching 389 W. Such a high peak power corresponds to a conversion efficiency of about 0.1% (a photon conversion efficiency of 19%). A further optimization on the THz beam parameter may result in an output peak power of a few kW. Within the range of 100-250 µm the output peak powers were higher than 100 W. We have also investigated THz frequency upconversion in GaSe, ZnGeP2, and GaP crystals. Such a parametric process has a potential for detecting THz pulses at room temperature or just using a thermoelectric cooler. The minimum detectable energy per pulse was measured to be 245 pJ, which corresponds to a noise equivalent energy of 77.5 . A further optimization of the process can reduce this value down to 1 .


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