Progeny testing of bacon pigs at Wye college

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (03) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
J. E. Duckworth ◽  
M. McG. Cooper ◽  
A. G. Dunkin ◽  
J. M. Taylor ◽  
W Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Virus Pneumonia ◽  
Wye College ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

A report is given on a progeny testing scheme for bacon pigs which operated at Wye College from 1953 to 1957. Boars were brought to the unit, mated to a random selection of sows and 20 progeny (4 pigs from each of 5 litters) were individually fattened under standard conditions. Growth, feed efficiency and carcass measurements were recorded. The data were examined by analysis of variance. Significant differences in most characters were shown between sows, between boars and between tests. There was a progressive improvement in growth performance but not in carcass measurements from the earlier to the later tests. This was attributed in the main to improved management.Differences within litters were small for carcass length but large for backfat measurements. Significant differences between boars could be detected but this was limited by small numbers of boars within tests and the high variability of some characters. The growth performance and carcass characteristics of female pigs were significantly better than for castrated males. Estimates of heritability were fairly high for most characters.Disease incidence declined in the later tests. In earlier tests congestion of lungs associated with virus pneumonia was associated with a slight reduction in speed of growth and feed efficiency.The results are discussed with particular reference to their contribution to the evaluation and utilisation of progeny testing on a national basis.

THE EFFECTS OF SEX AND AGE OF MALE AT CASTRATION ON GROWTH AND CARCASS QUALITY OF YORKSHIRE SWINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Charette
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Effect On Growth

The effects of sex and age of castration of males on growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in bacon type swine were measured using 16 pigs each as gilts, entire boars, and boars castrated at birth, 6, 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age. Castration at 20 weeks was too late since some pigs reached 200 pounds live weight before that age. Boars consumed less feed daily than barrows and gilts, were thinner in loin fat, and yielded a higher percentage of shoulder than gilts. The carcasses of boars and gilts were longer, had less fat covering over the shoulder and back, a larger area of loin, and a higher iodine number than those castrated late. Acceptability tests showed that sex or age of castration did not affect the flavour, odour, or tenderness of the meat.Purebred breeders can delay castration for better selection of boars without any serious effect on growth, physical carcass characteristics, and feed requirements. Although the market discriminates against boars, it appears questionable whether castration is necessary when boars are slaughtered at 200 pounds before they reach the age of 150 days.

scholarly journals Effects of restricted feeding and re-alimentation of dietary protein or energy on compensatory growth of sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-396
Author(s):  
W. Addah ◽  
A. Ayantunde ◽  
E.K. Okine
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Daily Gain

The study investigated the effects of re-alimenting dietary protein or energy on growth, carcass characteristics and meat eating quality parameters of sheep. Twenty-seven intact rams (~9 months; 11.3 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly divided into three groups. Each group was fed a maintenance diet (MT) containing, on dry matter (DM) basis, 105 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 8.4 MJ/kg DM metabolizable energy (ME) for 30 days. Thereafter, they were continually fed the same MT or re-alimented with a high protein diet (HP) containing 169 g/kg DM CP and 9.3 MJ/kg ME or a high energy diet (HE) containing 123 g/kg DM CP and 10.6 MJ/kg ME for an additional 30 days to determine the effects of re-alimentation of protein or energy on their growth performance and carcass characteristics. During the initial 30-day period, DM intake (DMI) and growth performance were similar among the three groups. However, upon re-alimentation, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency of sheep re-alimented with HP were greater than those maintained continually on MT or re-alimented with HE. Sheep on HP had higher feed efficiency, ADG and heavier carcasses than those fed MT or re-alimented with HE during the whole 60-day period. Growth of most viscera was less responsive to the restriction-re-alimentation feeding regimen except for the weights of the lungs, heart and intestines. Meat from sheep re-alimented with HE had a more intense ‘sheepy’ flavour than those fed MT or re-alimented with HP, but juiciness and tenderness were not affected. The higher ADG of sheep re-alimented with protein may be related more to enhanced efficiency of feed utilization than to higher DMI.Keywords: average daily gain, feed restriction, nutrient utilization efficiency, visceral organs

scholarly journals Influence of Enogen Feed corn and conventional yellow dent corn in pelleted or meal-based diets on finishing pig performance and carcass characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadley R Williams ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Dent Corn ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Feed Form ◽  
Pig Performance

Abstract Genetic modification of corn has enhanced the use of different corn hybrids in animal agriculture. Enogen Feed corn, developed by Syngenta Seeds (Downers Grove, IL), has potential for use in livestock diets due to increase α-amylase enzyme in the corn thus improving starch digestibility. In addition, the pelleting process also increases starch gelatinization which increases its digestibility by the pig, increasing growth rate and improving feed efficiency. Therefore, pelleting Enogen Feed corn might prove to provide a greater response in growth performance than conventional yellow dent corn. Thus, the objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of corn source and diet form on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. A total of 288 pigs (53.0 ± 0.5 kg) were used with 8 pigs per pen and 9 pens per treatment in a 72-d study. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of corn source (Enogen Feed corn or conventional yellow dent corn) and diet form (meal or pellet). For overall (d 0 to 72) performance, no interactions between corn source and diet form were observed. There was a tendency (P < 0.10) for slightly improved average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed ratio (G:F) for pigs fed conventional yellow dent corn compared to those fed Enogen Feed corn. For feed form, pigs fed pelleted diets had increased (P < 0.001) ADG and G:F compared to pigs fed meal diets. For carcass characteristics, pigs fed pelleted diets had increased hot carcass weight compared to pigs fed meal diets (P < 0.001). In summary, feeding pelleted diets to finishing pigs increased ADG and improved feed efficiency compared to those fed meal-based diets. There were no major differences between observed corn sources or interactions between corn source and diet form on growth performance.

Effect of different levels of dietary crude protein on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of commercial broilers at different phases of growth

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Srilatha ◽  
V. Ravinder Reddy ◽  
V. Chinni Preetam ◽  
S.V. Rama Rao ◽  
Y. Ramana Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Different Levels

An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different levels of crude protein in broiler diets during different phases. i.e., pre starter (0-11d), starter (12-21d) and finisher (22-42d). 360 day-old broilers (Vencobb) were procured from a commercial hatchery and fed either high or low dietary CP diets during pre-starter (23 and 21%) , starter (21 and 19%) and high, moderate or low CP diets during finisher ( 18.5, 17.5 and 16.5%) phases, for a total of 12 possible treatment combinations at d 42. The results showed that the broilers fed low levels of CP ( 21 and 19 %) had significantly(P less than 0.05) higher body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI), and better feed efficiency over the diets with high levels of CP during pre-starter and starter phases (23 and 21%, respectively). The higher (18.5%) level of protein in the finisher phase showed higher BWG and best FCR compared to the lower levels (17.5 and 16.5%). Carcass characters were not influenced by the variation in dietary CP level tested except the abdominal fat weight which was significantly higher in broiler fed low CP diet compared to those fed higher levels of CP during all three phases. The results indicated that the broilers fed low CP diets supplemented with critical amino acids (21 and 19%) had beneficial effect on the growth performance during pre-starter and starter phase. The broilers showed an ability to respond to increase in dietary CP levels during finisher phase.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding transgenic canola on apparent digestibility, growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
J. L. Aalhus ◽  
M. E. R. Dugan ◽  
G. L. Wallins ◽  
R. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Transgenic Line ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Transgenic Canola

This study evaluated the effects of including meal from glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup-Ready®) canola (RRC) in barley-based diets for lambs on apparent digestibility of the diets, growth performance of the lambs, and carcass quality and composition. Four isonitrogenous diets were prepared that included canola meal [6.5%, dry matter (DM) basis] from four different sources (two commercially available canola blends, COM1 and COM2; a transgenic line, RRC and the parental non-transgenic line from which RRC was derived, PAR). Apparent digestibilities of the four diets were determined using eight mature wethers (67.8 ± 2.3 kg) in a replicated Latin square with four 21-d periods. No aspect of digestibility (DM, fibre, or nitrogen balance) was influenced by canola source. The growth trial involved 60 early-weaned Arcott lambs (30 ewes; 30 wethers; initial age approximately 2 mo; initial weight 21.5 ± 1.0 kg). The lambs were blocked by weight and gender for assignment to treatments, and fed the diets until reaching or exceeding 45 kg body weight. Intake of DM was similar among lambs fed COM1, COM2 and PAR diets, and between PAR and RRC (COM1, COM2 > RRC, P < 0.05). Diet did not affect (P > 0.05) average daily gain or feed efficiency. Carcass yield grade was higher (P < 0.05) for COM1 and COM2 diets than for PAR or RRC, although carcass composition did not differ (P > 0.05) between PAR and RRC. Canola source did not affect (P > 0.05) meat tenderness, as determined by shear force, drip loss or intramuscular fat content. Meat colour o f RRC-fed lambs did not differ from that of all other treatment groups. In this study, including canola meal prepared from glyphosate-tolerant canola did not alter diet digestibility, feed efficiency, growth performance, carcass characteristics or meat quality of lambs. Key words: Growth, lambs, meat quality, ruminant, transgenic canola

The effects of seaweed-based pellet binders on growth performance, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 114786
Author(s):  
Farah Nurshahida Mohd Subakir ◽  
Nashrin Iszhan Ishak ◽  
Nurlin Abu Samah ◽  
Khairul Amri Abdul Aziz ◽  
Nazikussabah Zaharudin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics

scholarly journals Effect of feeding dry-rolled corn or whole shelled corn during the finishing phase on growth performance and carcass characteristics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T B Freitas ◽  
T L Felix ◽  
C Clark ◽  
F L Fluharty ◽  
A E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Quality Grade

Abstract The objectives of this trial were to evaluate the effect of corn processing during the finishing phase on feedlot cattle performance and carcass characteristics. We hypothesized that steers fed dry-rolled corn would have better feed efficiency (less feed necessary to the same amount of gain) than steers fed whole shelled corn. Ninety-five backgrounded Angus-cross cattle, (initial body weight (BW) = 263 ± 9.8 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design in a feedlot setting. Cattle were divided in to 3 blocks: heifers (n = 31, 4 pens; initial BW = 267 ± 1.3 kg), light steers (n = 32, 4 pens; initial BW = 253 ± 1.3 kg), and heavy steers (n = 32, 4 pens; initial BW = 279 ± 1.4 kg). Diets contained 70% corn (experimental treatment), 15% dried distiller’s grains with solubles, 7% grass hay, and 8% supplement, on a dry matter basis. Cattle were fed for 217, 224, and 231 ± 8 d for the heifer, heavy steer, and light steer blocks, respectively. Two pens within each block were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: 1) dry-rolled corn (DRC) or 2) whole shelled corn (WSC). Animal growth performance and carcass characteristics were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, including the fixed effect of treatment. Pen and block were included as random effects. Carcass characteristics USDA Yield Grade and Quality Grade distributions were compared using the GLIMMIX procedure of using the same model than the growth performance data. Data are presented as LSMeans. Cattle fed DRC had greater average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.02) and final BW (P &lt; 0.01) when compared with cattle fed WSC. Even though ADG was greater for the DRC treatment, feed efficiency was similar (P = 0.45) because dry matter intake (DMI) was also greater (P = 0.04) for DRC when compared with the WSC treatment. Cattle fed DRC also had greater hot carcass weight (P &lt; 0.01), dressing percentage (P &lt; 0.01), and Longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA; P &lt; 0.01) than cattle fed WSC. No differences (P ≥ 0.18) were observed for marbling score, USDA Yield Grade or USDA Quality Grade. In conclusion, feeding DRC to feedlot cattle improved ADG, hot carcass weight, and LMA, without affecting feed efficiency or meat quality.

scholarly journals Utilization of sesame meal as protein source in broiler diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
E. I. Ikani ◽  
S. W. Oyibo ◽  
A. O. Aduku
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Sesame Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Better Than

A broiler feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum replacement value of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) meal for soyabean in maize-soyabean diets. A total of 252 day-old Anak 80 strain broiler-type chicks were used. Three replicate groups of 14 birds each were randomly allotted on six treatment diets containing 0, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40% of sesame meal in the diets. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Results showed that broiler birds fed up to 15% level of sesame meal in diets performed significantly (P<0.05) better than those fed on control diets for all the parameters studied. Feed consumption and feed efficiency values were also significantly lower for birds fed 15% sesame meal diets compared to those on control. However, sesame meal al 30 and 40 percent in diets significantly (P<0.05) depressed growth performance of broiler birds. It was found from this study that, up to 15% sesame meal could be used in maize-soyabean broiler diet without adverse effect on growth parameters.

Effect of trenbolene acetate/estradiol implants and estrus suppression on growth performance and carcass characteristics of beef heifers

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Popp ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
W. J. Burgevitz ◽  
R. A. Kemp ◽  
J. P. Kastelic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Melengestrol Acetate

The effects of estrus suppression (none, oral melengestrol acetate (0.4 mg d−1) or ovariectomy via Willis spay technique) and an anabolic implant (none or Synovex Plus®) on growth performance and carcass characteristics were determined using 90 beef heifers of composite breeding in a 2 × 3 factorial experiment conducted in the last 50 d before slaughter. Spaying caused no morbidity or mortality and resulted in average daily gains (1.37 kg d−1) comparable to heifers fed melengestrol acetate (1.33 kg d−1). Implanting improved (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and increased (P < 0.05) animal gain, ribeye area, carcass weight and yield and reduced (P < 0.05) intramuscular fat deposition but estrus suppression did not. Method of estrus suppression did not influence (P > 0.05) carcass traits. Spaying and implanting represent an effective means of improving returns from heifers, even late in the finishing period. Key words: Ovariectomy, implants, beef heifers, carcass composition

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