Immunosuppressant flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis

Abstract Baicalin, an active flavonoid ingredient of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, was extracted by heat reflux extraction and showed the same significance UV absorption property with standard baicalin. Active films were prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing baicalin extract by casting method. The effect of baicalin extracts on the UV-blocking, optical, antioxidant property, water vapor permeability, swelling and mechanical properties of the films were studied. UV–vis transmittance spectra showed that PVA films incorporated with baicalin extract blocked ultraviolet light range from 280–400 nm even with low concentration of baicalin (0.5 wt%) and maintain the high transparency in visible spectrum. The outstanding UV-blocking properties of PVA films incorporated with baicalin extract were also confirmed by Rhodamine B degradation. Baicalin conferred antioxidant properties to PVA films as determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Due to the interaction between hydroxy groups of baicalin and PVA molecule, water vapor permeability, swelling and elongation at break of the films were decreased accompanied with the increasing in tensile strength and Young’s modulus. FTIR reveal that the interaction between PVA molecules was significant changed by the introduction of baicalin. These results suggest that PVA film incorporated with baicalin extract can be used for the development of functional protective film.

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Processed Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Extract Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress through a Crosstalk between NF-κB and KEAP1/NRF2 Signaling in Macrophage Cells

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11136055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 6055

Author(s):

Akhtar Ali ◽

En-Hyung Kim ◽

Jong-Hyun Lee ◽

Kang-Hyun Leem ◽

Shin Seong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Prostaglandin E ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽

Anticancer Effects ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Clinical Benefits ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Prolonged inflammation results in chronic diseases that can be associated with a range of factors. Medicinal plants and herbs provide synergistic benefits based on the interaction of multiple phytochemicals. The dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and its compounds possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anticancer effects. Processing is a traditional method to achieve clinical benefits by improving therapeutic efficacy and lowering toxicity. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of processed Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract (PSGE) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Data using Griess assay and ELISA showed that PSGE decreased nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels against LPS. PSGE treatment up-regulated 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH), while cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1 expression did not change. Interestingly, PGE2 inhibition was regulated by prostaglandin catabolic enzyme 15-PGDH rather than COX-2/mPGES-1, enzymes essential for PGE2 synthesis. Additionally, PSGE-suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α production through NF-κB signaling. NF-κB release from an inactive complex was inhibited by HO-1 which blocked IκBα phosphorylation. The ROS levels lowered by PSGE were measured with the H2DCFDA probe. PSGE activated NRF2 signaling and increased antioxidant Hmox1, Nqo1, and Txn1 gene expression, while reducing KEAP1 expression. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of HO-1 confirmed that the antioxidant enzyme induction by PSGE was responsible for ROS reduction. In conclusion, PSGE demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects due to NRF2/HO-1-mediated NF-κB and ROS inhibition.

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Interactions between Ginkgo biloba L. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in multicomponent mixtures towards cholinesterase inhibition and ROS scavenging

Food Research International ◽

10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109857 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 109857

Author(s):

Teresa Delerue ◽

M. Fátima Barroso ◽

Mónica Dias-Teixeira ◽

Maria Figueiredo-González ◽

Cristina Delerue-Matos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽

Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽

Multicomponent Mixtures ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi

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Drug-herb interactions between Scutellaria baicalensis and pharmaceutical drugs: Insights from experimental studies, mechanistic actions to clinical applications

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111445 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 138 ◽

pp. 111445

Author(s):

Xian Zhou ◽

Ling Fu ◽

Pengli Wang ◽

Lan Yang ◽

Xiaoshu Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Studies ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs

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Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Monolith Combining Imidazolium Ionic Liquid and POSS for Enhanced Extraction of Baicalin-Like Compounds in Scutellaria Baicalensis by means of In-Capillary SPME Followed by on-line LC and off-line LC-MS/MS

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0nj06254e ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaohan Zhang ◽

Le Gao ◽

Liying Niu ◽

Xiaodong Bi

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽

Synthetic Methods ◽

Imidazolium Ionic Liquid ◽

Molecularly Imprinted ◽

Imprinted Polymers ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

On Line ◽

Molecularly Imprinted Monolith

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) possess target-customized and range-adjustable selectivity, and hence have been attracting increasing efforts to develop new synthetic methods and new forms of applications. By wisely choosing functional...

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Scutellaria baicalensis Alleviates Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Modulating Inflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20030727 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 727 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hyun-Young Na ◽

Byung-Cheol Lee

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Epididymal Fat

Insulin resistance is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome, and chronic inflammation is known to be a major mechanism of insulin resistance and is a therapeutic target. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin-resistant mice and to investigate its mechanism based on inflammatory responses. Mice were fed a HFD to induce insulin resistance and then administered SB for nine weeks. Body weight, glucose, lipid, insulin, epididymal fat pad and liver weights, and histologic characteristics were evaluated to determine the effect on insulin resistance. In order to evaluate the effects on the inflammatory process, we analyzed the proportions of macrophages in liver and epididymal fat and measured inflammatory gene expression. Fasting and postprandial glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly decreased by SB administration. The epididymal fat and liver showed significant weight decreases and histological improvements. Total adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) decreased (27.71 ± 3.47% vs. 45.26 ± 7.26%, p < 0.05), M2 ATMs increased (47.02 ± 6.63% vs. 24.28 ± 8.00%, p < 0.05), and CD11b+ Kupffer cells decreased. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and F4/80 in the liver were significantly decreased (12.03 ± 1.47% vs. 25.88 ± 4.57%, p < 0.05) compared to HFD group. These results suggest that SB improved insulin resistance through inhibition of macrophage-mediated inflammation.

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