scholarly journals Future fuel supply systems for organic production based on Fischer–Tropsch diesel and dimethyl ether from on-farm-grown biomass

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ahlgren ◽  
A. Baky ◽  
S. Bernesson ◽  
Å. Nordberg ◽  
O. Norén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Supply Systems

Fuel Atomization in Small Jet Engines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshayahou Levy ◽  
Semion Lipkin ◽  
Valery Nadvany ◽  
Valery Sherbaum
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Vapor ◽  
Ignition Process ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Alternative Design ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Small Engines ◽  
Supply Systems

Small and inexpensive jet engines are usually equipped with vaporizing fuel supply systems. This is in order to deliver low fuel flow-rates from relatively low-pressure fuel supply systems and the need for simple configuration. The difficulties associated with small engines are mainly during ignition or at high altitude re-lights, when the combustor is cold, air supply is poor, and fuel demand and pressure are low. Such conditions lead to poor atomization within the vaporizer resulting in very large droplets at its exit tip or even to a pool of liquid fuel within the combustor. Thus, there is no fuel vapor for ignition. Ignition is very difficult or even impossible under such conditions. Therefore, small engines are commonly equipped with dual fuel supply systems, either in the form of gaseous fuel for the ignition stage or with an additional higher-pressure supply line to the dedicated fuel nozzles for the purpose of ignition. Additional solutions involve the use of a large glow plug or high-energy pyrotechnic cartridges in the kilo-Joule range, to heat the combustor casing prior to ignition. The present work is concerned with the development of alternative and novel atomization systems, which would improve atomization at low pressures and consequently facilitate the ignition process, thus minimizing the need for supporting systems. The work refers to an alternative design for an existing vaporizer system of a small jet engine with 400 Nt of thrust. It focuses on an alternative design for the fuel injection within the vaporizer housing while maintaining all external dimensions and operating conditions unchanged. Three types of fuel nozzles were investigated: • a special impact atomizer, • a miniature pressure swirl atomizer, • a doublet atomizer involving two swirling nozzles (preliminary study only). Droplet size distribution under various nozzle pressure drops and air velocities were measured with Phase Doppler Particle Anemometry (PDPA) and global spray characteristics were obtained by photography. All modified atomization systems demonstrated improved performance and better atomization than the existing system. Initially, water was used as a liquid. At a later stage, the modified impact atomizer was tested and successful spark ignition was demonstrated.

Analysis of vulnerability of fuel supply systems in gas-consuming regions due to failure of critical gas industry facilities

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 118785
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Senderov ◽  
Elena M. Smirnova ◽  
Sergey V. Vorobev
Keyword(s):  
Gas Industry ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Supply Systems

scholarly journals Self identified research needs of New York organic farmers

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Baker ◽  
Douglas B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
New York State ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
On Farm

AbstractA survey of organic farmers in New York State identified problems in need of university research. Weed management was the most frequently mentioned problem by far, identified as significant by two-thirds of the organic farmers. Only a few other problems were listed as significant, including insufficient time for farm work, lack of markets, low prices, and lack of appropriate tools. These were cited by more than a third of the farmers. Drought, insect management, and a lack of a dependable supply of labor were cited by about one-third of the respondents. The survey also examined organic farmers' information sources. They do not use conventional sources of agricultural information, such as the extension service and conventional agricultural media, as much as books, magazines, and newsletters on organic f arming, other organic f armers, and on-farm experiments. Many respondents noted that local extension agents did not know very much about non-chemical solutions to organic production problems. They considered University Extension to be accessible, but not very useful in solving problems specific to organic farming, and had many suggestions to improve Land Grant research in organic agriculture.

scholarly journals The effect of multi-phase injection on selected parameters of the common rail fuel system

2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Krzysztof BALAWENDER ◽  
Hubert KUSZEWSKI ◽  
Kazimierz LEJDA ◽  
Adam USTRZYCKI
Keyword(s):  
Common Rail ◽  
Dose Measurement ◽  
Rail Pressure ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Common Rail System ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
The Common ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Supply Systems

The common rail fuel supply systems due to their flexibility of injection characteristics are the most frequently applied fuel supply solution in Diesel engines. The most essential parameters, which have the effect on the phenomena taking place in a Common Rail system are the duration of the injection, rail pressure and fuel temperature. There may also be other factors effecting the course of the injection. The split of the fuel dose into a few parts can cause a pressure fluctuation in the rail and also in the whole system, effecting the course of the injection. In the article tests results related with the influence of multiple injection on the total fuel dose and real onset of the injection have been presented. The tests were carried out on a test stand fitted with Bosch EPS-815 (electronic fuel dose measurement). For the testing of the real injection onset the visualization system AVL Visioscope was used. The control of the injector was realized through a controller which enabled to split the fuel dose into three parts.

scholarly journals Model and control of fuel supply systems of hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (13) ◽  
pp. 773-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiping Cheng ◽  
Peng Ren ◽  
Ya Li Xu ◽  
Han Nian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
And Control ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Oxygen Fuel

scholarly journals Transmission of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the Pork Production Chain from Farm to Slaughterhouse

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (17) ◽  
pp. 5444-5450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka Laukkanen ◽  
Pilar Ortiz Martínez ◽  
Kirsi-Maarit Siekkinen ◽  
Jukka Ranta ◽  
Riitta Maijala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
On Farm

ABSTRACT The transmission of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the pork production chain was followed from farm to slaughterhouse by studying the same 364 pigs from different production systems at farm and slaughterhouse levels. In all, 1,785 samples were collected, and the isolated Y. pseudotuberculosis strains were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The results of microbial sampling were combined with data from an on-farm observation and questionnaire study to elucidate the associations between farm factors and the prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis. Following the same pigs in the production chain from farm to slaughterhouse, we were able to show similar Y. pseudotuberculosis genotypes in live animals, pluck sets (containing tongue, tonsils, esophagus, trachea, heart, lungs, diaphragm, liver, and kidneys), and carcasses and to conclude that Y. pseudotuberculosis contamination originates from the farms, is transported to slaughterhouses with pigs, and transfers to pluck sets and carcasses in the slaughter process. The study also showed that the high prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis in live pigs predisposes carcasses and pluck sets to contamination. When production types and capacities were compared, the prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis was higher in organic production than in conventional production and on conventional farms with high rather than low production capacity. We were also able to associate specific farm factors with the prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis by using a questionnaire and on-farm observations. On farms, contact with pest animals and the outside environment and a rise in the number of pigs on the farm appear to increase the prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis.

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