Time derivatives in air temperature and enthalpy as non-invasive welfare indicators during long distance animal transport

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Villarroel ◽  
Pilar Barreiro ◽  
Peter Kettlewell ◽  
Marianne Farish ◽  
Malcolm Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Animal Transport

Long-distance wolf recolonization of France and Switzerland inferred from non-invasive genetic sampling over a period of 10 years

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Valière ◽  
Luca Fumagalli ◽  
Ludovic Gielly ◽  
Christian Miquel ◽  
Benoît Lequette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genetic Sampling

A Novel IoT-Based Method for Real-Time Detection of Spontaneous Leaks in Pipelines, Gathering Systems, and Offshore Risers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Grimes ◽  
Nico Van Rensburg ◽  
Stuart Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Pressure Wave ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Long Distance Transmission ◽  
Offshore Production ◽  
Offshore Risers ◽  
Oil Gas

Abstract This paper presents on a non-invasive, IoT-based method for rapidly determining the presence and location of spontaneous leaks in pressurized lines transporting any type of product (e.g., oil, gas, water, etc.). Specific applications include long-distance transmission lines, gathering networks at well sites, and offshore production risers. The methodology combines proven negative pressure wave (NPW) sensing with advanced signal processing to minimize false positives and accurately identify the presence of small spontaneous leaks within seconds of their occurrence. In the case of long-distance transmission pipelines, the location of the leak can be localized to within 20-50 feet. The solution was commercialized in 2020 and has undergone extensive testing to verify its capabilities. It is currently in use by several operators, both onshore and offshore.

scholarly journals Long-period changes of the air temperature in Tatarstan and their forecast till the end of the 21st century

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
Yuri P. Perevedentsev ◽  
Konstantin M. Shantalinskii ◽  
Boris G. Sherstukov ◽  
Alexander A. Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Earth

Long-term changes in air temperature on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan in the 20th–21st centuries are considered. The periods of unambiguous changes in the surface air temperature are determined. It is established that the average winter temperature from the 1970s to 2017, increased in the Kazan region by more than 3 °C and the average summer temperature increased by about 2 °C over the same period. The contribution of global scale processes to the variability of the temperature of the Kazan region is shown: it was 37 % in winter, 23 % in summer. The correlation analysis of the anomalies of average annual air temperature in Kazan and the series of air temperature anomalies in each node over the continents, as well as the ocean surface temperature in each coordinate node on Earth for 1880 –2017, was performed. Long-distance communications were detected in the temperature field between Kazan and remote regions of the Earth. It is noted that long-period climate fluctuations in Kazan occur synchronously with fluctuations in the high latitudes of Asia and North America, with fluctuations in ocean surface temperature in the Arctic ocean, with fluctuations in air temperature in the Far East, and with fluctuations in ocean surface temperature in the Southern hemisphere in the Indian and Pacific oceans, as well as air temperature in southern Australia. It is suggested that there is a global mechanism that regulates long-term climate fluctuations throughout the Earth in the considered interval of 200 years of observations. According to the CMIP5 project, climatic scenarios were built for Kazan until the end of the 21st century.

Effect of rest stop duration during long-distance transport on welfare indicators in recently weaned beef calves1

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 636-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Marti ◽  
R. E. Wilde ◽  
D. Moya ◽  
C. E. M. Heuston ◽  
F. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Distance Transport

scholarly journals Effects of the dynein inhibitor dynarrestin on the number of motor proteins transporting synaptic cargos

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumiko Hayashi ◽  
Miki G. Miyamoto ◽  
Shinsuke Niwa
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Motor Proteins ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Anterograde Transport ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Physical Measurements

AbstractSynaptic cargo transport by kinesin and dynein in hippocampal neurons was investigated using non-invasive measurements of transport force based on non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Although direct physical measurements such as force measurement using optical tweezers are difficult in an intracellular environment, the non-invasive estimations enabled enumerating force producing units (FPUs) carrying a cargo comprising the motor proteins generating force. The number of FPUs served as a barometer for stable and long-distance transport by multiple motors, which was then used to quantify the extent of damage to axonal transport by dynarrestin, a dynein inhibitor. We found that dynarrestin decreased the FPU for retrograde transport more than anterograde transport. In the future, these measurements may be used to quantify the damage to axonal transport resulting from neuronal diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases.

scholarly journals Long-Distance Transport of Finisher Pigs in the Iberian Peninsula: Effects of Season on Thermal and Enthalpy Conditions, Welfare Indicators and Meat pH

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2410
Author(s):  
Genaro C. Miranda-de la Lama ◽  
Rubén Bermejo-Poza ◽  
Nora Formoso-Rafferty ◽  
Malcolm Mitchell ◽  
Pilar Barreiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Meat Ph ◽  
Distance Transport

Current legislation in the European Union places limits on live pig transport according to outside temperature, but less is known about the effects of sudden changes in the thermal microenvironment in trailers, particularly during long-distance transport. In this study, we measured the temperature and relative humidity inside livestock vehicles carrying 1920 Spanish finisher pigs (live weight 100 kg and 240 animals per journey) during eight long-distance (>15 h) commercial journeys to slaughter from northern Spain to Portugal in the summer and winter. Here, we report the rate of change in the air temperature (°C × min−1) and air enthalpies in the transport vehicle (kg water kg dry air-1). At sticking, blood samples were taken for to measure cortisol, glucose, and creatine kinase (CK) as stress response indicators, and the meat pH after 45 min and the pH after 24 h were also determined. The rate of change in the air temperature and enthalpy was higher inside the livestock vehicle during the winter months and was positively related with higher cortisol and glucose levels and lower pH after 45 min (p < 0.05). It is proposed that the rate of temperature change and air enthalpy represent useful integrated indices of thermal stress for pigs during transport.

scholarly journals Application of 1-MCP for Quality Preservation of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Seedlings during Long-distance Transportation

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 976A-976
Author(s):  
Chieri Kubota ◽  
Mark Kroggel
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Postharvest Management ◽  
Development Application

Increasing numbers of vegetable growers purchase their seedlings from specialized transplant producers. However, early yield reduction due to abnormal first fruit truss development was often observed after long-distance transportation of seedlings. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene-mediated reactions, is widely used for postharvest management. If ethylene accumulated in trailers causes such abnormal first truss fruit development, application of 1-MCP to seedlings may prevent such problems. To test this hypothesis, `Durinta' tomato seedlings with visible flower buds were placed in chambers for 4 days under one of the following conditions: 1) conventional transportation air temperature of 18 °C without 1-MCP, 2) 18 °C with 1-MCP, 3) 12 °C without 1-MCP, and 4) nonstored control. The target initial 1-MCP concentration was 1 μmol·mol-1 inside the chamber, and the concentration was estimated to reach 0.2 μmol·mol-1 after 96 h. Three weeks after transplanting, 81.3% of first trusses on the plants treated at 18 °C without 1-MCP exhibited an abnormal, delayed fruit development. Both 1-MCP application and 12 °C air temperature successfully reduced the symptom to 4.7% and 3.1%, respectively; not significantly different from the nonstored control (1.6%). The average first truss yield was the lowest for 18 °C without 1-MCP (223 g per truss), followed by 18 °C with 1-MCP (582 g), and was the greatest (609–637 g) for 12 °C without 1-MCP or the control. Ethylene accumulation was the primary cause of the delayed fruit development causing yield reduction. Application of 1-MCP during transportation was shown to prevent such undesirable yield loss, although lowering temperature was the most effective under the present experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Measures of oxidative state are primarily driven by extrinsic factors in a long-distance migrant

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 20180750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Bodey ◽  
Ian R. Cleasby ◽  
Jonathan D. Blount ◽  
Freydis Vigfusdottir ◽  
Kerry Mackie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Branta Bernicla ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Migrating Birds ◽  
Oxidative State ◽  
Branta Bernicla Hrota

Oxidative stress is a likely consequence of hard physical exertion and thus a potential mediator of life-history trade-offs in migratory animals. However, little is known about the relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic stressors on the oxidative state of individuals in wild populations. We quantified the relationships between air temperature, sex, body condition and three markers of oxidative state (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity) across hundreds of individuals of a long-distance migrant (the brent goose Branta bernicla hrota ) during wintering and spring staging. We found that air temperature and migratory stage were the strongest predictors of oxidative state. This emphasizes the importance of extrinsic factors in regulating the oxidative state of migrating birds, with differential effects across the migration. The significance of abiotic effects demonstrates an additional mechanism by which changing climates may affect migratory costs.

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