Impact of Multiple Ionic Changes in Arrhythmic Risk Biomarkers in Human Ventricular Electrophysiology

Background: Vitamin D is increasingly investigated as having a role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its cardiovascular and renal complications. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and biomarkers of cardiovascular and renal complications, including cystatin-C. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 117 participants with T2DM that was not complicated with cardiovascular or renal diseases except hypertension. 25-OHD was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, while cystatin-C was measured by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay. Other biomarkers, including lipids, creatinine, urea and glycemic measures, were determined by the routine biochemistry assays. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 74.36%. There was no significant difference in cardiovascular and renal biomarkers, including glucose, HbA1c, lipids, urea, creatinine and cystatin-C between participants with adequate and deficient vitamin D (p-values>0.05). Participants with adequate vitamin D were older in age, more obese and having lower eGFR (p-values<0.05). 25-OHD was weakly correlated with age, duration of DM, urea, creatinine and inversely correlated with eGFR (rvalues< 0.32, p-values<0.05). Although creatinine and cystatin-C were directly correlated (r=0.42, pvalue< 0.001), cystatin-C and 25-OHD were not correlated (p-value>0.05). Hypertensive participants were more obese, having a longer duration of DM and higher urea and cystatin-C compared to nonhypertensive participants (p-values<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension could be predicted from increased BMI. Conclusion: 25-OHD was not found to be correlated with cardiovascular risk biomarkers, but it was correlated with renal biomarkers, including urea, creatinine and eGFR. Cystatin-C and 25-OHD were not observed to be correlated to each other, but both were correlated to renal function. Obesity was a significant predictor of hypertension.

Download Full-text

The Potential Role of Exosomes in Child and Adolescent Obesity

Children ◽

10.3390/children8030196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 196

Author(s):

Ioanna Maligianni ◽

Christos Yapijakis ◽

Flora Bacopoulou ◽

George Chrousos

Keyword(s):

Child And Adolescent ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Adolescent Obesity ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Target Cells ◽

Special Role ◽

Exosomal Mirnas ◽

Risk Biomarkers

Child and adolescent obesity constitute one of the greatest contemporary public health menaces. The enduring disproportion between calorie intake and energy consumption, determined by a complex interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, finally leads to the development of overweight and obesity. Child and adolescent overweight/obesity promotes smoldering systemic inflammation (“para-inflammation”) and increases the likelihood of later metabolic and cardiovascular complications, including metabolic syndrome and its components, which progressively deteriorate during adulthood. Exosomes are endosome-derived extracellular vesicles that are secreted by a variety of cells, are naturally taken-up by target cells, and may be involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Over the last decade, intensive research has been conducted regarding the special role of exosomes and the non-coding (nc) RNAs they contain (primarily micro (mi) RNAs, long (l) non-coding RNAs, messenger (m) RNAs and other molecules) in inter-cellular communications. Through their action as communication mediators, exosomes may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and associated disorders. There is increasing evidence that exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs are involved in pivotal processes of adipocyte biology and that, possibly, play important roles in gene regulation linked to human obesity. This review aims to improve our understanding of the roles of exosomes and their cargo in the development of obesity and related metabolic and inflammatory disorders. We examined their potential roles in adipose tissue physiology and reviewed the scarce data regarding the altered patterns of circulating miRNAs and lncRNAs observed in obese children and adolescents, compared them to the equivalent, more abundant existing findings of adult studies, and speculated on their proposed mechanisms of action. Exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs could be applied as cardiometabolic risk biomarkers, useful in the early diagnosis and prevention of obesity. Furthermore, the targeting of crucial circulating exosomal cargo to tissues involved in the pathogenesis and maintenance of obesity could provide a novel therapeutic approach to this devastating and management-resistant pandemic.

Download Full-text

Increased levels of the cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers GDF15 and myostatin in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Growth Factors ◽

10.1080/08977194.2021.1932870 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (3-4) ◽

pp. 189-196

Author(s):

Karin Larsson ◽

Martin Höglund ◽

Anders Larsson ◽

Måns Thulin ◽

Torbjörn Karlsson

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Risk Biomarkers

Download Full-text

In Women with Previous Pregnancy Hypertension, Levels of Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers May Be Modulated by Haptoglobin Polymorphism

Obstetrics and Gynecology International ◽

10.1155/2014/361727 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andreia Matos ◽

Alda Pereira da Silva ◽

Maria Clara Bicho ◽

Conceição Afonso ◽

Maria José Areias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Genetic Polymorphism ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

Pregnancy Hypertension ◽

Nitric Oxide Metabolites ◽

Risk Biomarkers ◽

A Prospective Study

Preeclampsia (PE) may affect the risk for future cardiovascular disease. Haptoglobin (Hp), an acute phase protein with functional genetic polymorphism, synthesized in the hepatocyte and in many peripheral tissues secondary of oxidative stress of PE, may modulate that risk through the antioxidant, angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory differential effects of their genotypes. We performed a prospective study in 352 women aged35±5.48years, which 165 had previous PE, 2 to 16 years ago. We studied demographic, anthropometric, and haemodynamic biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitric oxide metabolites (total and nitrites), and others associated with liver function (AST and ALT) and lipid profile (total LDL and cholesterol HDL, non-HDL, and apolipoproteins A and B). Finally, we study the influence of Hp genetic polymorphism on all these biomarkers and as a predisposing factor for PE and its remote cardiovascular disease prognosis. Previously preeclamptic women either hypertensive or normotensive presented significant differences in those risk biomarkers (MPO, nitrites, and ALT), whose variation may be modulated by Hp 1/2 functional genetic polymorphism. The history of PE may be relevant, in association with these biomarkers to the cardiovascular risk in premenopausal women.

Download Full-text