3D bioprinting for lung and tracheal tissue engineering: Criteria, advances, challenges, and future directions

Bioprinting ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. e00124
Author(s):  
Seyed Hossein Mahfouzi ◽  
Seyed Hamid Safiabadi Tali ◽  
Ghassem Amoabediny
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 4966
Author(s):  
Gia Saini ◽  
Nicole Segaran ◽  
Joseph L. Mayer ◽  
Aman Saini ◽  
Hassan Albadawi ◽  
...  

Regenerative medicine is an emerging field that centers on the restoration and regeneration of functional components of damaged tissue. Tissue engineering is an application of regenerative medicine and seeks to create functional tissue components and whole organs. Using 3D printing technologies, native tissue mimics can be created utilizing biomaterials and living cells. Recently, regenerative medicine has begun to employ 3D bioprinting methods to create highly specialized tissue models to improve upon conventional tissue engineering methods. Here, we review the use of 3D bioprinting in the advancement of tissue engineering by describing the process of 3D bioprinting and its advantages over other tissue engineering methods. Materials and techniques in bioprinting are also reviewed, in addition to future clinical applications, challenges, and future directions of the field.


Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Ye Lin Park ◽  
Kiwon Park ◽  
Jae Min Cha

Over the past decades, a number of bone tissue engineering (BTE) approaches have been developed to address substantial challenges in the management of critical size bone defects. Although the majority of BTE strategies developed in the laboratory have been limited due to lack of clinical relevance in translation, primary prerequisites for the construction of vascularized functional bone grafts have gained confidence owing to the accumulated knowledge of the osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties of mesenchymal stem cells and bone-relevant biomaterials that reflect bone-healing mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of bone-healing mechanisms focusing on the details that should be embodied in the development of vascularized BTE, and discuss promising strategies based on 3D-bioprinting technologies that efficiently coalesce the abovementioned main features in bone-healing systems, which comprehensively interact during the bone regeneration processes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 117561
Author(s):  
Allen Zennifer ◽  
Praseetha Senthilvelan ◽  
Swaminathan Sethuraman ◽  
Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Moura ◽  
R Varley ◽  
C Yao

Abstract Aim Despite several decades of research in tissue engineering, reconstructing a 3D human-sized ear that can stand the test of time has remained a challenge. Autologous cartilage reconstruction remains the main treatment choice despite the associated morbidity. Progress in the field has been made and several studies have used tissue-engineered implants in immunocompetent animals with promising results. Method This study critically reviews and assesses the characteristics that make auricular reconstruction so challenging and how far research has come in addressing the following: mechanical properties; vascularisation; immune response; cell sourcing; surgical attachments; allografts; and cost. Results The question is whether tissue engineering will realistically replace autologous cartilage reconstruction in the short-term, or will advances in other areas, outlined in this article, manage to provide suitable and aesthetically accurate scaffolds. Conclusions Advances in tissue engineering are slowly progressing and utilise advances in both biomaterial design and 3D bioprinting to try and address the challenges of auricular reconstruction. Tissue engineering is still a promising solution to auricular reconstruction but still requires further research before becoming a reality.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-428
Author(s):  
Rudranarayan Kandi ◽  
Pulak Mohan Pandey ◽  
Misba Majood ◽  
Sujata Mohanty

Purpose This paper aims to discuss the successful fabrication of customized tubular scaffolds for tracheal tissue engineering with a novel route using solvent-based extrusion 3D printing. Design/methodology/approach The manufacturing approach involved extrusion of polymeric ink over a rotating predefined pattern to construct customized tubular structure of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyurethane (PU). Dimensional deviation in thickness of scaffolds were calculated for various layer thicknesses of 3D printing. Physical and chemical properties of scaffolds were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle measurement, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical characterizations were performed, and the results were compared to the reported properties of human native trachea from previous reports. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxicity of the fabricated scaffolds was studied in terms of cell proliferation, cell adhesion and hemagglutination assay. Findings The developed fabrication route was flexible and accurate by printing customized tubular scaffolds of various scales. Physiochemical results showed good miscibility of PCL/PU blend, and decrease in crystalline nature of blend with the addition of PU. Preliminary mechanical assessments illustrated comparable mechanical properties with the native human trachea. Longitudinal compression test reported outstanding strength and flexibility to maintain an unobstructed lumen, necessary for the patency. Furthermore, the scaffolds were found to be biocompatible to promote cell adhesion and proliferation from the in vitro cytotoxicity results. Practical implications The attempt can potentially meet the demand for flexible tubular scaffolds that ease the concerns such as availability of suitable organ donors. Originality/value 3D printing over accurate predefined templates to fabricate customized grafts gives novelty to the present method. Various customized scaffolds were compared with conventional cylindrical scaffold in terms of flexibility.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fatimi

There are a variety of hydrogel-based bioinks commonly used in three-dimensional bioprinting. In this study, in the form of patent analysis, the state of the art has been reviewed by introducing what has been patented in relation to hydrogel-based bioinks. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the patentability of the used hydrogels, their preparation methods and their formulations, as well as the 3D bioprinting process using hydrogels, have been provided by determining publication years, jurisdictions, inventors, applicants, owners, and classifications. The classification of patents reveals that most inventions intended for hydrogels used as materials for prostheses or for coating prostheses are characterized by their function or properties Knowledge clusters and expert driving factors show that biomaterials, tissue engineering, and biofabrication research is concentrated in the most patents.


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