Assessing release of hazardous substances from construction products – Review of 10 years of experience with a horizontal approach in the European Union

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 194-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Ilvonen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Construction Products

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF THE SORPTION SHEET FROM COMPOSITE MATERIALS AS A LIQUIDATION AGENT FOR SPILL RESPONSE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ON TRANSPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (38) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
J. Zelenko ◽  
M. Kalimbet
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Dangerous Goods ◽  
Sorption Method ◽  
Environmental Requirements

The article raises the issues of rail transport in many countries, including the European Union and Ukraine, transportation of various classes of dangerous goods, ensuring safety during their transportation, strengthening technical standards and environmental requirements for safety of dangerous goods transportation by all modes of transport and the problem of localization and liquidation of accidents during transportation of various classes of dangerous goods by rail is raised. Methods and methods of localization and elimination of spills of dangerous goods are discussed, the sorption method is described as the chosen method to solve the problem, a brief description of sorbents is given, various variants and modifications of materials for carbon sorbents are presented, materials will be used for universal sorption web, method of obtaining a universal sorption web, demonstrated a special installation for carbonization (Carbonizer), which was slightly modernized and made by the authors according to the design of the Engels University. The method of conducting experiments is described. The characteristics of the universal sorption web, its sorption properties are given, and also the technique of using the universal sorption web as a means for localization and / or liquidation of liquid hazardous substances of 3, 5, 8 hazard classes is proposed.

The Role of Pb Impurity in SAC Solder Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 752 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Gréta Gergely ◽  
Alíz Molnár ◽  
Zoltán Gácsi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Free Solder ◽  
Sac Solder

The European Union and Japan initiated the issue of RoHS, the directive about the restriction of hazardous substances, which prohibits certain hazardous substances in electronic equipment - including lead - application. Due to the directive the use of lead free solder alloys is spreaded, however the Pb in the form of contamination may be appear under technological process. The lead impurity has significant effect on microstrucutre and lifetime so it is necessary to carry out detailed examinations. In this paper the study of intermetallic compounds in six-element, Pb impured, thermal cycles test-subjected, Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solder alloy is demonstrated

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF INDUSTRIAL WATER USE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
M.B. Uage
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Water Legislation

The article presents the characteristics of the legislation regulating the right of water use of industrial enterprises in the European Union. Three periods of formation and development of the provisions of water legislation that restrict or prohibit the industrial discharge of hazardous substances into the water are considered. The institute of integrated environmental permitting is considered. It is noted that the issuance of this type of permits is carried out on the basis of the best available technologies. The best available technologies are those technologies that achieve a high level of environmental protection in the most effective way, developed and ready for implementation, cost-effective, technically feasible, applicable to a particular enterprise. At the same time, enterprises should prevent large-scale and cross-border environmental pollution, effectively use water, energy, raw materials, reduce the risks of accidents and minimize the consequences, monitor emissions, and reclaim the land after the termination of their activities. It is concluded that according to the European water legislation, water is defined as a natural object, and in some cases-as a natural resource that requires special protection from the state.

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS ACCORDING TO LATVIAN BUILDING REGULATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Martins VILNITIS
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Building Regulations ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
The Given ◽  
Construction Works

Building regulations are still different in many European countries even the European Union directives did unify many acts for construction works and construction products in the member countries. The scheme of the construction process organized as per the Latvian building regulations are presented and commented in the paper. In particular, duties and responsibilities, as far as formally required qualifications of all engineers officially registered for the given construction process, will be shown.

scholarly journals Prevention of Industrial Accidents in the EU Legislation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222
Author(s):  
Dariusz Materniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Human Losses ◽  
The Eu

The development of civilization and technology is associated with the growing risks to the natural environment, primarily from the risks posed by industrial plants that use hazardous substances or production processes in process of production. The experience of the last few decades shows that such failures cause serious damage to the environment and material or human losses. To prevent such accidents and limit their possible consequences, legal regulations known as Seveso Directives have been developed within the European Union. They were adopted also in Poland as a EU member

scholarly journals Problems of the environmental law of the European Union

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-283
Author(s):  
Yevhenii Pankov ◽  
Olha Filipshykh ◽  
Dmytro Boichuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
The European Union ◽  
British Broadcasting Corporation ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
The Impact

The problem of ecology is one of the most common problems of the twenty-first century. No country is immune: no country has better military equipment, no country with low inflation, no country with “perfect” legislation. The purpose of the article was to clarify legislative issues: European Union legislation was outdated, general and lacking in specificity. To address these problems, this article uses different approaches to the definition of environmental security, which makes it necessary to change the concept and the actions within which the definition is adopted. The article goes on to discuss the position of realists who argue that environmental security cannot be set because of lack of accountability “the importance” of the issue of “high” issues. Thus, the paper refers to the emergence of environmental security and its long path. This article contains the following changes and provisions: Brundtland Committee (1987), Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Habitats in Europe (1979), International Tropical Timber Agreement (1983) as well as the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (1979), the Maastricht Treaty (1992), the Hazardous Substances Directives, the impact of EU measures on the environment and the Animal Protection Directive. In addition, the article exposes Programs designed to ensure and regulate environmental safety. The report of the European Environment Agency was also reviewed and a comparative analysis of the data contained in the report and the British Broadcasting Corporation estimates was made. The authors draw attention to several directives, calling them “triumvirate”, which provide the basis for countries to regulate some environmental legislation. Almost in the end of the paper the authors pay attention to the phenomenon of environmental ethics, which is a consequence of imperfect legislation. In its conclusion, the article states that the problems that arise from the lack of accountability of legal acts of a real environmental situation occur in the member states, taking into account the special case of the European Union.

scholarly journals The Application of EU Law by Polish Courts. General Remarks on 15 Years of Experience

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Monika Domańska ◽  
Dawid Miąsik ◽  
Monika Szwarc
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Minimum Requirements

The Court of Justice of the European Union operates on a case-by-case basis. This means that its decisions normally relate to specific problems occurring in a specific Member State. Consequently it is often hard to ‘translate’ this case law into the national legal system of a different Member State. Nevertheless the case law of the Court of Justice has consequences not only for the individual Member States. It also has harmonising effects. In this sense, the principles of primacy and of direct effect of EU provisions, as well as the obligation to interpret domestic law in conformity with EU law, operate as the minimum requirements which the legal systems of Member States must fulfil. Poland joined the European Union in May 2004. At that time the number of Member States increased to 25. The existence of avenues of judicial protection in the EU raised a number of questions from the very beginning. Now, after 15 years of experience it is time to consider the standard of application of EU law by Polish courts.

scholarly journals A Case Study of Muniicipal Solid Waste Management in Nepal Compared to the Situation in the European Union and Sweden

2017 ◽  
pp. 429-438
Author(s):  
Gustav Larsson ◽  
Jakob Sahlén ◽  
Lennart Mårtensson ◽  
Sanjay Nath Khanal
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Waste Composition ◽  
Structural Problems

Nepal, situated in the Himalayan belt has a rapidly growing population together with high urbanisation rate. These factors are currently causing problems connected to municipal solid waste (MSW). E.g. leakage of hazardous substances to soil and surrounding aquatic systems, spread of odour and naturally unfamiliar materials to natural biotopes, all of which generate environmental damage and health problems. There are certain differences in waste generation and waste composition between urban areas of Nepal. In order to retrieve a broad picture of the current waste management situation, three population differentiated municipalities in different areas of the country were investigated. Studies of the MSW regarding composition and generation were conducted. Moreover, waste management in Nepal was compared with the basic waste management in the European Union (EU) and Sweden. Landfill sites (LFS) in Ghorahi Municipality, Pokhara Sub-metropolitan City and Kathmandu Metropolitan City were studied. Our studies show differences in waste composition, generation and management between the three locations. The differences are somewhat interconnected with population size and tourism. Cities with higher population and more tourism tend to have a higher generation and more diverse MSW. Nevertheless, the urban areas of Nepal are very much in need of a more structured waste management system, a system more alike the waste management of EU. Apart from structural problems, there are attitude and behavioural issues that needs to be dealt with. Further studies regarding social patterns, attitude and behaviour, as well as the economic flow of MSW, needs to be conducted in order to retrieve an even broader picture and understand important underlying issues.

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