Proposing an effective and inexpensive tool to detect urban surface temperature changes associated with urbanization processes in small cities

Determining the surface temperature of materials with unknown emissivity is studied. A method for determining the surface temperature using a standard sample of average spectral normal emissivity in the wavelength range of 1,65–1,80 μm and an industrially produced Metis M322 pyrometer operating in the same wavelength range. The surface temperature of studied samples of the composite material and platinum was determined experimentally from the temperature of a standard sample located on the studied surfaces. The relative error in determining the surface temperature of the studied materials, introduced by the proposed method, was calculated taking into account the temperatures of the platinum and the composite material, determined from the temperature of the standard sample located on the studied surfaces, and from the temperature of the studied surfaces in the absence of the standard sample. The relative errors thus obtained did not exceed 1,7 % for the composite material and 0,5% for the platinum at surface temperatures of about 973 K. It was also found that: the inaccuracy of a priori data on the emissivity of the standard sample in the range (–0,01; 0,01) relative to the average emissivity increases the relative error in determining the temperature of the composite material by 0,68 %, and the installation of a standard sample on the studied materials leads to temperature changes on the periphery of the surface not exceeding 0,47 % for composite material and 0,05 % for platinum.

Download Full-text

Core and body surface temperature changes during sledge hockey competition

Korean Journal of Sports Science ◽

10.35159/kjss.2017.04.26.2.1037 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 1037-1044

Author(s):

Eu-Jin Jung ◽

Lae-Guen Jang ◽

Geun-Hoon Choi ◽

Hyon Park

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Body Surface ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Body Surface Temperature

Download Full-text

Cities Exacerbate Climate Warming

Urban Science ◽

10.3390/urbansci5010027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Lahouari Bounoua ◽

Kurtis Thome ◽

Joseph Nigro

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Land Surface ◽

Large Scale ◽

Climate Models ◽

Warming Trend ◽

Climate Mitigation ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Surface Warming ◽

The Us

Urbanization is a complex land transformation not explicitly resolved within large-scale climate models. Long-term timeseries of high-resolution satellite data are essential to characterize urbanization within land surface models and to assess its contribution to surface temperature changes. The potential for additional surface warming from urbanization-induced land use change is investigated and decoupled from that due to change in climate over the continental US using a decadal timescale. We show that, aggregated over the US, the summer mean urban-induced surface temperature increased by 0.15 °C, with a warming of 0.24 °C in cities built in vegetated areas and a cooling of 0.25 °C in cities built in non-vegetated arid areas. This temperature change is comparable in magnitude to the 0.13 °C/decade global warming trend observed over the last 50 years caused by increased CO2. We also show that the effect of urban-induced change on surface temperature is felt above and beyond that of the CO2 effect. Our results suggest that climate mitigation policies must consider urbanization feedback to put a limit on the worldwide mean temperature increase.

Download Full-text

The relevance of mid-Holocene Arctic warming to the future

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-15-1375-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 1375-1394 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Masakazu Yoshimori ◽

Marina Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

General Circulation ◽

Temperature Response ◽

Longwave Radiation ◽

General Circulation Models ◽

Cross Model ◽

Arctic Warming ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

The Future ◽

Arctic Climate Change

Abstract. There remain substantial uncertainties in future projections of Arctic climate change. There is a potential to constrain these uncertainties using a combination of paleoclimate simulations and proxy data, but such a constraint must be accompanied by physical understanding on the connection between past and future simulations. Here, we examine the relevance of an Arctic warming mechanism in the mid-Holocene (MH) to the future with emphasis on process understanding. We conducted a surface energy balance analysis on 10 atmosphere and ocean general circulation models under the MH and future Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario forcings. It is found that many of the dominant processes that amplify Arctic warming over the ocean from late autumn to early winter are common between the two periods, despite the difference in the source of the forcing (insolation vs. greenhouse gases). The positive albedo feedback in summer results in an increase in oceanic heat release in the colder season when the atmospheric stratification is strong, and an increased greenhouse effect from clouds helps amplify the warming during the season with small insolation. The seasonal progress was elucidated by the decomposition of the factors associated with sea surface temperature, ice concentration, and ice surface temperature changes. We also quantified the contribution of individual components to the inter-model variance in the surface temperature changes. The downward clear-sky longwave radiation is one of major contributors to the model spread throughout the year. Other controlling terms for the model spread vary with the season, but they are similar between the MH and the future in each season. This result suggests that the MH Arctic change may not be analogous to the future in some seasons when the temperature response differs, but it is still useful to constrain the model spread in the future Arctic projection. The cross-model correlation suggests that the feedbacks in preceding seasons should not be overlooked when determining constraints, particularly summer sea ice cover for the constraint of autumn–winter surface temperature response.

Download Full-text