Long-term acidification of pH neutral grasslands affects soil biodiversity, fertility and function in a heathland restoration

Edaphic arthropod communities provide valuable information about the prevailing status of soil quality to improve the functionality and long-term sustainability of soil management. The study aimed at evaluating the effect of plant and grass cover on the functional biodiversity and soil characteristics in a mature olive orchard (Olea europaea L.) managed for ten years by two conservation soil managements: natural grass cover (NC) and conservation tillage (CT). The trees under CT grew and yielded more than those under NC during the period of increasing yields (years 4–7) but not when they reached full production. Soil management did not affect the tree root density. Collecting samples underneath the canopy (UC) and in the inter-row space (IR), the edaphic environment was characterized by soil structure, hydrological properties, the concentration and storage of soil organic carbon pools and the distribution of microarthropod communities. The soil organic carbon pools (total and humified) were negatively affected by minimum tillage in IR, but not UC, without a loss in fruit and oil yield. The assemblages of microarthropods benefited, firstly, from the grass cover, secondly, from the canopy effect, and thirdly, from a soil structure ensuring a high air capacity and water storage. Feeding functional groups—hemiedaphic macrosaprophages, polyphages and predators—resulted in selecting the ecotonal microenvironment between the surface and edaphic habitat.

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Climate Mobility and Development Cooperation

Population and Environment ◽

10.1007/s11111-021-00387-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Stojanov ◽

Sarah Rosengaertner ◽

Alex de Sherbinin ◽

Raphael Nawrotzki

Keyword(s):

Climate Adaptation ◽

Human Mobility ◽

Climate Impacts ◽

Development Cooperation ◽

Climate Variability And Change ◽

Policy Frameworks ◽

And Migration ◽

And Function ◽

Role And Function

AbstractDevelopment cooperation actors have been addressing climate change as a cross-cutting issue and investing in climate adaptation projects since the early 2000s. More recently, as concern has risen about the potential impacts of climate variability and change on human mobility, development cooperation actors have begun to design projects that intentionally address the drivers of migration, including climate impacts on livelihoods. However, to date, we know little about the development cooperation’s role and function in responding to climate related mobility and migration. As such, the main aim of this paper is to outline the policy frameworks and approaches shaping development cooperation actors’ engagement and to identify areas for further exploration and investment. First, we frame the concept of climate mobility and migration and discuss some applicable policy frameworks that govern the issue from various perspectives; secondly, we review the toolbox of approaches that development cooperation actors bring to climate mobility; and third, we discuss the implications of the current Covid-19 pandemic and identify avenues for the way forward. We conclude that ensuring safe and orderly mobility and the decent reception and long-term inclusion of migrants and displaced persons under conditions of more severe climate hazards, and in the context of rising nationalism and xenophobia, poses significant challenges. Integrated approaches across multiple policy sectors and levels of governance are needed. In addition to resources, development cooperation actors can bring data to help empower the most affected communities and regions and leverage their convening power to foster more coordinated approaches within and across countries.

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Shoulder arthroplasty for juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

10.1177/2309499019890615 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 230949901989061

Author(s):

Suroosh Madanipour ◽

Aditya Prinja ◽

Marcus Lee ◽

Abbas Rashid

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽

Preoperative Evaluation ◽

Implant Design ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Post Operative Pain ◽

Inflammatory Arthropathy ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

And Function

There is limited literature to guide shoulder surgeons in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We aim to help clinicians to formulate an approach to the surgical management of the condition through a review of the available literature on arthroplasty in JIA, general considerations when operating on patients with inflammatory arthropathy and recommendations based on the authors’ experience. Four articles report formal data on arthroplasty in JIA with favourable improvements in post-operative pain and function scores after the long-term follow-up. Significant heterogeneity in treatment and a lack of standardisation in quantitative outcomes highlights the need for further larger scale and higher quality research. The aim of this study is to review the evidence and provide information on preoperative evaluation of surgical candidates, operative techniques, choice of implant design and to evaluate functional outcomes in patients who undergo shoulder arthroplasty.

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Skewed T-cell maturation and function in HIV-infected patients failing CD4+ recovery upon long-term virologically suppressive HAART

AIDS ◽

10.1097/qad.0b013e328339cf40 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 1455-1460 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Giulia Marchetti ◽

Lidia Gazzola ◽

Daria Trabattoni ◽

Francesca Bai ◽

Giuseppe Ancona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Maturation ◽

And Function ◽

T Cell Maturation

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Lung Structure And Function Relation In Elastase-Treated Rats: A Long-Term Follow Up Study

10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a6405 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Margit V. Szabari ◽

Jozsef Tolnai ◽

Balazs Maar ◽

Harikrishnan Parameswaran ◽

Elizabeth Bartolak-Suki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structure And Function ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Lung Structure ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

And Function ◽

Function Relation

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Somatosensory perception in a remote pain-free area and function of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) in patients suffering from long-term trapezius myalgia

European Journal of Pain ◽

10.1053/eujp.2001.0312 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 149-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Ann-Sofie Leffler ◽

Per Hansson ◽

Eva Kosek

Keyword(s):

Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls ◽

Trapezius Myalgia ◽

And Function ◽

Free Area

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Settlement Period and Function of Long-Term Territory in Tropical Mangrove Passerines

The Condor ◽

10.2307/1368798 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 83-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Gaetan Lefebvre ◽

Brigitte Poulin ◽

Raymond McNeil

Keyword(s):

Settlement Period ◽

And Function

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Abstract P138: Long-term Effects Of Severe Caloric Restriction To The Heart Function

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.p138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Aline M De Souza ◽

Jonathas Almeida ◽

Nataliia Shults ◽

Hong Ji ◽

Kathryn Sandberg

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Caloric Restriction ◽

Heart Function ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Isolated Hearts ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

And Function

Severe caloric restriction (sCR) increases the risk for acute cardiovascular disease. Less understood are the long-term effects on cardiovascular disease risk after the sCR period has ended. We investigated the effects of sCR on heart structure and function months after refeeding (sCR-Refed). Female Fischer rats (3-months-old) were maintained on (CT) ad libitum or a 60% caloric restricted diet for 2 weeks. Thereafter, all rats received ad libitum chow for 3 months and they were analyzed by precision ultrasound to assess their heart function. After imaging, the animals were sacrificed and the hearts were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) using a Langendorff preparation. After 2 weeks of sCR, rats lost 15% of their initial body weight (BW) [% (100*(Final-Initial/Initial)): CT, 1.5±0.8 vs sCR, -15.4±1.1; p<0.001;n=8]. After 3 months of refeeding, there was no detectable difference in BW between CT and sFR-Refed groups. Isolated hearts from the sCR-Refed rats exhibited worse myocardial pathology after I/R compared to CT rats. The parallel orientation of myofibers and striations normally present in cardiomyocytes was lost in sCR-Refed rats. Further analysis revealed uneven blood-filling of the microcirculatory vessels and prominent interstitial edema of the myocardium. Hearts from sCR-Refed rats had more atrophied cardiomyocytes than CT [Atrophied/Total (%): CT, 0.2±0.1 vs sCR-Refed, 50.6±1.1; p<0.001; n=5]. The number of arrhythmic events during a 30 min ischemic interval in isolated hearts doubled after 2 weeks on the sCR diet ( data not shown ) and remained doubled 3 months later [Arrhythmias (% of time): CT, 34±8 vs sCR-Refed, 68±9; p=0.02; n=8]. Ultrasound imaging showed no difference in stroke volume, coronary perfusion pressure and left ventricular mass. However, the thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall was significantly reduced in sCR-Refed rats [(mm): CT, 2.55 ±0.03 vs sCR-Refed, 2.10±0.04; p=0.002; n=4]. These findings indicate heart structure and function remained damaged months after the sCR period ended and BW was restored. These studies have adverse cardiovascular risk implications for who are subjected either voluntarily (crash diets) or involuntarily (very low food security) to periods of inadequate caloric intake.

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Abstract 228: Alterations of Cardiac Morphology and Function Caused by Cardio-Thoracic Surgery in Small Animal Models of Heart Disease

Circulation Research ◽

10.1161/res.113.suppl_1.a228 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Peter Nordbeck ◽

Leoni Bönhof ◽

Karl-Heinz Hiller ◽

Sabine Voll ◽

Paula Arias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Animal Models ◽

Right Ventricular ◽

Small Animal ◽

Cardiac Morphology ◽

Small Animal Models ◽

And Function

Background: Surgical procedures in small animal models of heart disease, such as artificial ligation of the coronary arteries for experimental myocardial infarction, can evoke alterations in cardiac morphology and function. Such alterations might induce artificial early or long term effects in vivo that might account for a significant bias in basic cardiovascular research, and, therefore, could potentially question the meaning of respective studies in small animal models of heart disease. Methods: Female Wistar rats were matched for weight and distributed to sham left coronary artery ligation or untreated control. Cardiac parameters were then investigated in vivo by high-field MRI over time after the surgical procedure, determining left and right ventricular morphology and function. Additionally, the time course of several metabolic and inflammatory blood parameters was determined. Results: Rats after sham surgery showed a lower body weight for up to 8 weeks after the intervention compared to healthy controls. Left and right ventricular morphology and function were not different in absolute measures in both groups 1 week after surgery. However, there was a confined difference in several cardiac parameters normalized to the body weight (bw), such as myocardial mass (2.19±0.30/0.83±0.13 vs. 1.85±0.22/0.70±0.07 mg left/right per g bw, p<0.05), or enddiastolic ventricular volume (1.31±0.36/1.21±0.31 vs. 1.14±0.20/1.07±0.17 µl left/right per g bw, p<0.05). Vice versa, after 8 weeks, cardiac masses, volumes, and output showed a trend for lower values in the sham operated rats compared to the controls in absolute measures (782.2±57.2/260.2±33.2 vs. 805.9±84.8/310.4±48.5 mg, p<0.05 for left/right ventricular mass), but not normalized to body weight. Matching these findings, blood testing revealed prolonged metabolic and inflammatory changes after surgery not related to cardiac disease. Conclusion: There is a small distinct impact of cardio-thoracic surgical procedures on the global integrity of the organism, which in the long term also includes circumscribed repercussions on cardiac morphology and function. This impact has to be considered when analyzing data from respective studies and transferring the findings to conditions in patients.

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