scholarly journals Patterns of bilingual language use and response inhibition: A test of the adaptive control hypothesis

Cognition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 104373
Author(s):  
Patrycja Kałamała ◽  
Jakub Szewczyk ◽  
Adam Chuderski ◽  
Magdalena Senderecka ◽  
Zofia Wodniecka
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Control Hypothesis

scholarly journals The use of a second language enhances the neural efficiency of inhibitory control: an ERP study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Patrycja Kałamała ◽  
Jonas Walther ◽  
Haoyun Zhang ◽  
Michele Diaz ◽  
Magdalena Senderecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Neural Efficiency ◽  
Control Hypothesis

Abstract This study investigated how natural language use influences inhibition in language-unbalanced bilinguals. We experimentally induced natural patterns of language use (as proposed by the Adaptive Control Hypothesis) and assessed their cognitive after-effects in a group of 32 Polish–English bilinguals. Each participant took part in a series of three language games involving real conversation. Each game was followed by two inhibition tasks (stop-signal task and Stroop task). The manipulation of language use in the form of language games did not affect the behavioural measures, but it did affect ERPs. Performance of the inhibition tasks was accompanied by a reduction of P3 and the N450 amplitude differences after games involving the use of L2. The ERP modulations suggest that for bilinguals living in an L1 context the use of L2 enhances neural mechanisms related to inhibition. The study provides the first evidence for a direct influence of natural language use on inhibition.

Symmetries of comprehension-based language switch costs in conflicting versus non-conflicting contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-598
Author(s):  
Cong Liu ◽  
Kalinka Timmer ◽  
Lu Jiao ◽  
Ruiming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Switch Cost ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Language Control ◽  
Control Hypothesis ◽  
Switching Task ◽  
Accuracy Data

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of contexts (i.e., non-conflicting context versus conflicting context) on bilingual language switch costs during language comprehension. Methodology: Thirty-two unbalance Chinese-English bilinguals completed a modified comprehension-based language-switching task in two contexts. They made a judgement about the colour meaning of the word. In the non-conflicting context all words were presented in white ink, while in the conflicting context the words were printed in an inconsistent ink colour. Data and analysis: Reaction time and accuracy data were analysed using mixed-effects models. Findings/conclusions: Results showed that the switch costs were larger in the conflicting context than in the non-conflicting context. Further, in the non-conflicting context an asymmetrical switch cost with larger costs for the second language was observed as compared to symmetrical switch costs in the conflicting context. Originality: This is the first study that indicates that bilingual comprehension-based language control adapts flexibly depending on the context, just as during bilingual production. Significance/implications: These findings supported and expanded the classic adaptive control hypothesis.

scholarly journals Neuroimaging of language control in bilinguals: neural adaptation and reserve

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUBIN ABUTALEBI ◽  
DAVID W. GREEN
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Language Control ◽  
The Many ◽  
Control Hypothesis ◽  
The Brain

Speaking more than one language demands a language control system that allows bilinguals to correctly use the intended language adjusting for possible interference from the non-target language. Understanding how the brain orchestrates the control of language has been a major focus of neuroimaging research on bilingualism and was central to our original neurocognitive language control model (Abutalebi & Green, 2007). We updated the network of language control (Green & Abutalebi, 2013) and here review the many new exciting findings based on functional and structural data that substantiate its core components. We discuss the language control network within the framework of the adaptive control hypothesis (Green & Abutalebi, 2013) that predicts adaptive changes specific to the control demands of the interactional contexts of language use. Adapting to such demands leads, we propose, to a neural reserve in the human brain.

The sensitivity to context modulates executive control: Evidence from Malayalam–English bilinguals

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Riya Rafeekh ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Dynamic Adaptation ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Conflict Effect ◽  
Control Hypothesis ◽  
Interaction Phase

Abstract In two experiments, we examined the hypothesis that bilingual speakers modulate their cognitive control settings dynamically in the presence of different interlocutors, and this can be captured through performance on a non-linguistic attention task. We introduced Malayalam–English bilinguals to interlocutors with varying L2 dominance through a pre-experiment familiarisation and interaction phase. Later, participants did the Flanker task while the interlocutors appeared before each trial. While in experiment one participants did the Flanker task with equal distribution of trials, in experiment two we manipulated the monitoring demands by changing the frequency of trials. Results showed that high-L2 proficient bilinguals had lower conflict effect on the Flanker task in the presence of balanced interlocutors in both the experiments. The results provide strong evidence of dynamic adaptation of control settings in bilinguals with regard to different passively present interlocutors. The results further extend the predictions of the adaptive control hypothesis with novel manipulation.

scholarly journals Predictions about the Cognitive Consequences of Language Switching on Executive Functioning Inspired by the Adaptive Control Hypothesis Fail More Often than Not

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1217
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Paap ◽  
Lauren Mason ◽  
Regina Anders-Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Dual Language ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Interactional Context ◽  
Dense Code ◽  
Control Hypothesis ◽  
Language Context ◽  
Influential Theory

The adaptive control hypothesis developed by Green and Abutalebi is the most influential theory of bilingual language control. The focus of this article is on the predictions that other researchers have derived based on the three different modes of interactional context described by the hypothesis. Foremost, that dual-language contexts should enhance domain-general executive functions more than single-language contexts. Several recent and ambitious behavioral tests of these predictions are reviewed. Although there was some evidence that dual-language contexts are associated with smaller switch costs, the evidence is inconsistent and there were no similar advantages for inhibitory control. The hypothesis also predicts neuroanatomical adaptations to the three types of interactional context. A careful evaluation of the relevant fMRI and ERP studies that take into account whether behavioral differences align with neuroscience differences and resolves valence ambiguities led to the conclusion that the neuroscience evidence for the hypothesis is, at best, inconsistent. The study also includes new analyses of two large-sample studies that enable the identification of relatively pure cases of single-language bilinguals, dual-language bilinguals, and dense-code switchers. Across nine different measures of executive functioning, the predicted advantage of the dual-language context never materialized. The hypotheses derived from the adaptive control hypothesis do not accurately predict behavioral performance on tests of executive functioning and do not advance our understanding as to what dimensions of bilingualism may lead to enhancements in specific components of executive functioning.

scholarly journals A domain-general monitoring account of language switching in recognition tasks: Evidence for adaptive control

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESLI STRUYS ◽  
EVY WOUMANS ◽  
SOUDABEH NOUR ◽  
OLGA KEPINSKA ◽  
MAURITS VAN DEN NOORT
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Switch Cost ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
General Control ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Control Hypothesis ◽  
The Relationship

Language switching experience is assumed to have an effect on domain-general control abilities in bilinguals, but previous studies on the relationship between these two variables have generated mixed results. The present study investigated the effects of bilingual experiences on the interaction between language switching and domain-general control. Thirty-two Dutch–French bilingual young adults executed a bilingual categorisation task to assess their language switching abilities and a Simon task to assess domain-general control. The results show that global response times on the Simon task were correlated to the forward switch cost (from L1 to L2); moreover, interestingly, the forward switch cost was found to be related to recent language exposure but not to the age of second language acquisition. We suggest a monitoring account of language switching to integrate the first finding with previous studies and we interpret the second finding as support for the adaptive control hypothesis.

scholarly journals Code-Switching patterns differentially shape cognitive control: Testing the predictions of the adaptive control hypothesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Gilaine Ng ◽  
Hwajin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Switching Patterns ◽  
Dense Code ◽  
Control Hypothesis ◽  
Language Context ◽  
Cue Detection ◽  
Opportunistic Planning

Abstract Bilinguals engage in qualitatively different code-switching patterns (alternation, insertion, and congruent lexicalization) to different degrees, according to their engagement in different types of interactional contexts (single-language context, dual-language context, and dense code-switching context). Drawing on the adaptive control hypothesis, we examined whether bilinguals’ code-switching patterns would differentially shape multiple aspects of cognitive control (interference control, salient cue detection, and opportunistic planning). We found that a dense code-switching context, which predominantly involves insertion and congruent lexicalization, was positively associated with verbal opportunistic planning but negatively associated with interference control and salient cue detection. In contrast, a dual-language context, which predominantly involves alternation, was not associated with interference control or salient cue detection, but with significantly reduced response times for opportunistic planning. Our findings partially corroborate the theoretical predictions of the adaptive control hypothesis. Altogether, our study illustrates the importance of bilinguals’ disparate code-switching practices in shaping cognitive control outcomes.

Is attention enhanced following performance errors? Testing the adaptive control hypothesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. e13022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Compton ◽  
Elizabeth C. Heaton ◽  
Averi Gaines
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Performance Errors ◽  
Control Hypothesis
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