Interaction force measurement between E. coli cells and nanoparticles immobilized surfaces by using AFM

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Andrew G. Stack ◽  
Yongsheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Force Measurement ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
E Coli

Study on Wheel/Rail Interaction Force Real-Time Monitoring Method Based on Piezoelectric Sensing Technology

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Song ◽  
Yan Liang Du ◽  
Bao Chen Sun
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Test System ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Test Requirements

Measurement of wheel/rail contact forces is of importance. Traditional methods for wheel/rail interaction force measurement all need strain gauges on wheel sets and/or rails. Because strain gauges have the performances of zero-drift, poor anti-interference property and instability of test system, they can’t meet wheel/rail force test requirements in high-speed and heavy haul railways. A new method based on PVDF piezoelectric sensing technology is presented for the test of vertical and horizontal wheel/rail force in this paper. Firstly, based on the wheel/rail interaction characteristics, the restriction condition of track and strain sensing principle of PVDF films, principle for measuring vertical and lateral wheel/rail interaction forces is proposed. Then a series of tests were carried out to compare the performance of PVDF strain sensors with the one of strain gauges. The results show that the PVDF strain sensor has better reliability in wheel/rail force monitoring. Finally numerical analysis by Finite Element Method has been carried out to verify the feasibility of the method presented in this paper.

Design and prediction of dye dispersibility stabilized by polymeric dispersants using a Dye–Monomer interaction force measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 107791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gi Young Kim ◽  
Suguna Perumal ◽  
Soon Cheon Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Lee ◽  
Seung Man Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Force Measurement ◽  
Interaction Force

scholarly journals Compensating Uncertainties in Force Sensing for Robotic-Assisted Palpation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2573
Author(s):  
Jing Guo ◽  
Bo Xiao ◽  
Hongliang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Contact Force ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Inertial Force ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Force Sensing ◽  
Robotic Assisted ◽  
Tissue Phantom ◽  
Surgical Tool ◽  
Force Compensation

Force sensing in robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) is crucial for performing dedicated surgical procedures, such as bilateral teleoperation and palpation. Due to the bio-compatibility and sterilization requirements, a specially designed surgical tool/shaft is normally attached to the sensor while contacting the organ targets. Through this design, the measured force from the sensor usually contains uncertainties, such as noise, inertial force etc., and thus cannot reflect the actual interaction force with the tissue environment. Motivated to provide the authentic contact force between a robotic tool and soft tissue, we proposed a data-driven force compensation scheme without intricate modeling to reduce the effects of force measurement uncertainties. In this paper, a neural-network-based approach is utilized to automatically model the inertial force subject to noise during the robotic palpation procedure, then the exact contact force can be obtained through the force compensation method which cancels the noise and inertial force. Following this approach, the genuine interaction force during the palpation task can be achieved furthermore to improve the appraisal of the tumor surrounded by the soft tissue. Experiments are conducted with robotic-assisted palpation tasks on a silicone-based soft tissue phantom and the results verify the effectiveness of the suggested method.

scholarly journals Differential Soft Sensor-Based Measurement of Interactive Force and Assistive Torque for a Robotic Hip Exoskeleton

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6545
Author(s):  
Sun’an Wang ◽  
Binquan Zhang ◽  
Zhenyuan Yu ◽  
Yu’ang Yan
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Soft Sensor ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Indirect Measure

With the emerging of wearable robots, the safety and effectiveness of human-robot physical interaction have attracted extensive attention. Recent studies suggest that online measurement of the interaction force between the robot and the human body is essential to the aspects above in wearable exoskeletons. However, a large proportion of existing wearable exoskeletons monitor and sense the delivered force and torque through an indirect-measure method, in which the torque is estimated by the motor current. Direct force/torque measuring through low-cost and compact wearable sensors remains an open problem. This paper presents a compact soft sensor system for wearable gait assistance exoskeletons. The contact force is converted into a voltage signal by measuring the air pressure within a soft pneumatic chamber. The developed soft force sensor system was implemented on a robotic hip exoskeleton, and the real-time interaction force between the human thigh and the exoskeleton was measured through two differential soft chambers. The delivered torque of the hip exoskeleton was calculated based on a characterization model. Experimental results suggested that the sensor system achieved direct force measurement with an error of 10.3 ± 6.58%, and torque monitoring for a hip exoskeleton which provided an understanding for the importance of direct force/torque measurement for assistive performance. Compared with traditional rigid force sensors, the proposed system has several merits, as it is compact, low-cost, and has good adaptability to the human body due to the soft structure.

scholarly journals Study on the Quantitative Evaluation of the Surface Force Using a Scanning Probe Microscope

Lubricants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Wataru Yagi ◽  
Tomomi Honda ◽  
Kazushi Tamura ◽  
Keiichi Narita
Keyword(s):  
Force Measurement ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Surface Force ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Polar Group ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Fluid Resistance ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Probe Microscope

There are two types of friction modifiers (FMs) used as lubricant additives: Reaction film FMs (RF-FMs) and adsorption film FMs (AF-FMs). While RF-FMs provide good performance in severe conditions, AF-FMs excel in mild conditions. This empirical evidence leads us to combine these two FMs to cover broader conditions. However, the effects of their combination are highly complicated due to the interaction between these FMs. If the interaction force of AF-FMs with various materials can be evaluated, it would help us to improve tribological performances of lubricants. Although atomic force microscopy seems suitable for this application, we found some obstacles, such as fluid resistance, electrostatic force, and laser positioning of the cantilever, to achieve proper measurements of the adsorption force. In this study, the adsorption force between the polar group and the surface was directly measured in oil with a 1 µm silica probe modified with CH3 or COOH. This paper proposed how to eliminate errors included in the adsorption force measurement using AFM and a calibration method for obtaining an accurate adsorption force of the polar group, and a test of normality of the measured data was conducted by 400 measurements. As a result, it was shown that approximately 100 tests were needed to obtain an accurate adsorption force in this study.

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