Thermoset composites reinforced by innovative 3D spacer weft-knitted fabrics with different cross-section profiles: Materials and manufacturing process

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Hassanzadeh ◽  
Hossein Hasani ◽  
Mohammad Zarrebini
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Thermoset Composites

scholarly journals Eco-friendly technology of manufacturing complex products made of composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ignatov ◽  
Rustam Subkhankulov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Variable Cross Section ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
The Impact

Numerous studies in application of modern composite materials show that their advantages can be successfully implemented in manufacturing «smart» products. This study proposes an improved technological method of manufacturing multilayer environmentally friendly products with a variable cross section, which allows us to expand the possibilities of using modern polymer composite materials (PCM). The technology allows manufacturing products of the most complex geometric shapes, such as wind turbine blades. The aim of the study is the technological support of engineering production in the manufacture of multilayer products of variable cross section made from PCM. Scientific novelty consists in identifying the patterns of implementation and management of the manufacturing process of multilayer products of variable cross-section, and establishing the influence of structural and technological parameters of the manufacturing process on their operational characteristics. The relationship between the pressure of a hot directed air stream and the volume fraction of pores in the hardened material of a multilayer composite product with a variable cross section during layer-by-layer application is investigated. During the study, fundamental and applied principles of mechanical engineering technology, material resistance, adhesion theory, mathematical statistics tools and software were used to process the results of the experiment. Based on the results of laboratory studies, a methodology has been developed for effective prediction of pore content in the manufacturing of composite products. The introduction of the presented technology and the corresponding original methodology into production will reduce the complexity and energy costs of manufacturing composite products, improve their quality and reduce the impact of toxic components from composite materials on workers.

Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic and Thermoset Composites Reinforced with 3D Biaxial Warp-knitted Fabrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-951
Author(s):  
Ali Al-darkazali ◽  
Pınar Çolak ◽  
Kemal Kadıoğlu ◽  
Erdinç Günaydın ◽  
Ibrahim Inanç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Thermoset Composites

scholarly journals Advanced Thermoplastic Composite Manufacturing by In-Situ Consolidation: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Isabel Martin ◽  
Diego Saenz del Castillo ◽  
Antonio Fernandez ◽  
Alfredo Güemes
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
High Deposition Rate ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Thermoset Composites ◽  
Spatial Gradients ◽  
Laser Focusing

This article provides an overview of the evolution of the in-situ consolidation (ISC) process over time. This evolution is intimately linked with the advancements in each of the steps of the ISC manufacturing process, is additive in nature, and is limited by the orthotropic nature of composite materials and the physicochemical behavior of the thermoplastic matrix. This review covers four key topics: (a) Thermal models—simulation tools are critical to understand a process with such large spatial gradients and fast changes. Heating systems once marked a turning point in the development of industrial ISC systems. Today, lasers are the most recent trend, and there are three key issues being studied: The absorption of energy of light by the material, the laser profile, and the laser focusing. Several approaches have been proposed for the distributed temperature measurements, given the strong temperature gradients. (b) Adhesion—this refers to two subsequent mechanisms. In the first place, the process of intimate contact is one by which two surfaces of thermoplastic pre-impregnated composite materials are brought into contact under pressure and temperature. This enables closure of the existing gaps between the two microscopic irregular surfaces. This process is then followed by the healing or diffusion of polymer molecules across the interface. (c) Crystallinity—mostly influenced by the cooling rate, and strongly affects the mechanical properties. (d) Degradation—this refers to the potential irreversible changes in the polymer structure caused by the high temperatures required for the process. Degradation can be avoided through adequate control of the process parameters. The end goal of the ISC manufacturing process is to achieve a high product quality with a high deposition rate through an industrial process competitive with the current manufacturing process for thermoset composites.

scholarly journals Challenges of complex monitoring of the curing parameters in coupons for LRI manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
A. TORRE-POZA ◽  
A. M. R. PINTO ◽  
T. GRANDAL ◽  
N. GONZÁLEZ-CASTRO ◽  
L. CARRAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Cure Monitoring ◽  
Thermoset Composites ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Wing Structures ◽  
Complex Monitoring ◽  
Out Of Autoclave ◽  
Liquid Resin Infusion

In the aerospace industry, Liquid Resin Infusion (LRI) is gaining more and more importance as an out-of-autoclave alternative manufacturing technique to traditional pre-impregnated (prepreg) fabrics. The research in this field has been focused on understanding the cure and the process parameters of these materials, aiming to optimize the manufacturing process and reduce costs. A major problem derived from these technologies is the distortions induced by LRI process, affecting to composite parts due to non-uniform distribution of residual stresses. Such distortions can lead to non-uniform parts with shape distortions, which is a critical issue when trying to assembly with other parts due to mismatches in shape, leading to the rejection of such components. In this context, ELADINE project aims to understand and quantify the key manufacturing parameters that cause shape distortions on composite coupons (such as spring-in of curved parts) using an integrated numerical-experimental approach. The manufacturing process will be accurately monitored through Fiber Optic Sensors (FOS) and Dielectric sensors (DC) to understand how the process variables affect the distortion phenomena. The monitored data will feed a simulation tool for spring-in prediction for large integral composite wing structures. This article covers the preliminary results of cure monitoring and process parameters of thermoset composites implementing monitoring strategies for manufactured coupons by LRI.

scholarly journals Fatigue resistance of endodontic instruments manufactured in NiTi CM Wire and in conventional NiTi alloy with eletrochemical treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Inês de Fátima de Azevedo Jacinto INOJOSA ◽  
Hélio Pereira LOPES ◽  
Phillip Lucas Ricardo PEREIRA ◽  
Diogo Lopes do NASCIMENTO ◽  
Carlos Nelson ELIAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Niti Alloy ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Static Fatigue ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Fractured Surface

ABSTRACT Objective: This study compared the fatigue behavior of endodontic instruments manufactured with conventional NiTi alloy electropolishing, RaCe (FKG Dentaire, LaChauxdeFonds, Switzerland), with instruments manufactured with NiTi CM Wire subjected to thermomechanical treatment, in the manufacturing process, HyFlex CM (Coltène Whaledent, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, USA), both with similar geometry and dimensions in order to determine the influence of the manufacturing process in the fatigue resistance. Methods: The methodoly consisted of twenty HyFlex CM and RaCe instruments with D0 0.25 mm, taper 0.06 mm / mm, 25 mm length, both with triangular cross section. The fracture resistance was evaluated by static fatigue test, using a stainless artificial canal with 5mm of radius (86°), recording the time and calculating the number of cycles until fracture occurs (NCF). For statistical analysis the Student t test was used The fractured instruments surface was analyzed by SEM. Results: The NCF was significantly higher for HyFlex CM instruments in comparison with RaCe files (P˂0.05) being 1336% more resistant to fatigue. The analysis of the fractured surface by SEM showed ductile-kind morphological characteristics for both instruments and the absence of plastic deformation. Conclusion: HyFlex CM instruments present higher values of NCF. Thus, it can be concluded that the thermal treatment to which these instruments with CM Wire alloy are submitted makes them more resistant to fracture than Race instruments manufactured with conventional NiTi alloy electropolishing.

Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of Formed Steel Cross Section Profile for Timber Upgrading

2012 ◽  
Vol 498 ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
C. González-Bravo ◽  
J. Claver ◽  
R. Álvarez ◽  
Rosario Domingo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Section Profile ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Deform 2D ◽  
Cross Section Profile

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the behaviour of cold formed steel cross section respect to mechanical characteristics, such as deflection, mainly. A cold formed steel profile with thickness of 1 mm regards is studied to determine its viability as reinforcement of timber upgrading. Thus, temperatures, stresses and strains have been analysed during the manufacturing process of these profiles, and also, the deflection supported, comparing between unreinforced and reinforce pieces. The analysis has been carried out by means of Finite Element Method, using DEFORM 2D software, during the simulation of manufacturing process and COPRA software during the final static computations. Results provide information about the integrity and good behavior of these profiles for timber upgrading.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort properties of cool-touch nylon and common nylon knitted fabrics with different fibre fineness and cross-section

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (02) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
YANG YANG ◽  
YU XIN ◽  
WANG XUNGA ◽  
LIU XIN ◽  
ZHANG PEIHUA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Heat Transfer Performance ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Thermal Transfer ◽  
Fibre Fineness ◽  
Thermal Comfort Properties ◽  
Good Heat

Cool-touch nylon multi-filament yarns with good heat transfer performance are widely used in the development of knitted fabrics for summer and sports clothing. However, the physical properties of cool-touch nylon fibres, and the effect of fineness and cross-section on comfort-related properties of their knitted fabrics are still not well understood. In this study, the physical properties of cool-touch nylon fibres and common nylon fibres, and comfort properties of knitted fabrics from both fibre types were measured and compared. It was found that cool-touch nylon fibres have better moisture absorption, but slightly lower crystallinity than common nylon fibres. Regarding the fibre fineness and cross-section of cool-touch nylon and common nylon, knitted fabrics showed a similar dependence on thermal comfort properties. Cool-touch nylon fabrics had increased wicking capacity, thermal transfer, and cooling properties, but poorer drying performance and moisture permeability compared to common nylon fabrics. It was concluded that using nylon multi-filament yarns made up of finer filaments and cool touch filaments is an effective way to develop thermal-wet comfort knitted fabrics for summer and sports clothing applications.

scholarly journals Influence of Fabric Parameterso Wicking Behaviour of Polyester/Lycra Knitted Fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3864-3867
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Moisture Transport ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Loop Length ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Transport Behavior ◽  
Single Jersey

Wicking is one of the important properties of fabrics which decide its utility. The sweat generated in the body should be absorbed by the fabric as otherwise it may lead to skin diseases. It is advised that cotton fabrics should be worn net to the skin in order to get comfort to the wearer. This article is concerned with wicking which plays a vital role in determining comfort and moisture transport behavior of fabric and also into find out the effect of four parameters of single jersey, rib and pique knitted structures on the wickability. Parameters taken for the study were polyester cross-section, lycra denier used, plated structure and loop length.

scholarly journals Influence of Heat Treatment on the Static Bending Strength of Spruce Wood

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
Eglė FATARAITĖ–URBONIENĖ ◽  
Inga JUODEIKIENĖ ◽  
Darius ALBREKTAS ◽  
Simonas MEŠKAUSKAS
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Technological Parameter ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Process Temperature ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Heating Duration

The goal of this investigation was to find out influence of heat treatment at low temperatures on the Lithuanian spruce wood bending strength. The influence of heating temperature and duration on the strength of spruce wood during statical bending has been investigated. The tests were carried out using samples with size of 20 ´ 20 mm in cross-section and 300 mm in length. Density of samples varied from 460 up to 500 kg/m3. The samples were heated at conditions close to those used during manufacturing process. Temperature was equal to T = 60, 80, 100 and 120 °C and heating duration was selected t = 24, 48, 72 and 96hours. The obtained results reveal that heating at relatively low temperatures, influences the strength of the spruce wood during bending. After the increase of both drying temperature and duration decrease of bending strength was found. The longer heating duration at lower temperatures results in less strength changes compare to those heated at higher temperatures for shorter duration. It was found that heating temperature is more significant technological parameter for spruce wood bending strength compare to those of heating duration.

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