Is tank mixing site-specific premixes and multi-site fungicides effective and economic for managing soybean rust? a meta-analysis

Abstract Objective To compare the risk of cardiovascular events between sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors among people with type 2 diabetes in a real world context of clinical practice. Design Multi-database retrospective cohort study using a prevalent new user design with subsequent meta-analysis. Setting Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies (CNODES), with administrative healthcare databases from seven Canadian provinces and the United Kingdom, 2013-18. Population 209 867 new users of a SGLT2 inhibitor matched to 209 867 users of a DPP-4 inhibitor on time conditional propensity score and followed for a mean of 0.9 years. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, or cardiovascular death). Secondary outcomes were the individual components of MACE, heart failure, and all cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate site specific adjusted hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals, comparing use of SGLT2 inhibitors with use of DPP-4 inhibitors in an as treated approach. Site specific results were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. Results Compared with DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with decreased risks of MACE (incidence rate per 1000 person years: 11.4 v 16.5; hazard ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.69 to 0.84), myocardial infarction (5.1 v 6.4; 0.82, 0.70 to 0.96), cardiovascular death (3.9 v 7.7; 0.60, 0.54 to 0.67), heart failure (3.1 v 7.7; 0.43, 0.37 to 0.51), and all cause mortality (8.7 v 17.3; 0.60, 0.54 to 0.67). SGLT2 inhibitors had more modest benefits for ischaemic stroke (2.6 v 3.5; 0.85, 0.72 to 1.01). Similar benefits for MACE were observed with canagliflozin (0.79, 0.66 to 0.94), dapagliflozin (0.73, 0.63 to 0.85), and empagliflozin (0.77, 0.68 to 0.87). Conclusions In this large observational study conducted in a real world clinical practice context, the short term use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular events compared with the use of DPP-4 inhibitors. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03939624 .

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Performance of prothioconazole solo or added to mancozeb in the control of Asian soybean rust

Summa Phytopathologica ◽

10.1590/0100-5405/190162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 345-347

Author(s):

Erlei Melo Reis ◽

Mateus Zanatta ◽

Andrea Camargo Reis

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Factorial Design ◽

The Other ◽

Soybean Rust ◽

Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽

Site Specific ◽

Asian Soybean Rust ◽

Rust Severity

ABSTRACT The evolution of the reduction in Asian soybean rust (caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi) control by site-specific fungicides has been reported season after season. In a field experiment, the effect of prothioconazole solo and added to multisite mancozeb was evaluated for rust control. Treatments were evaluated in a factorial design of four prothioconazole doses and three mancozeb doses. In a set of treatments, three applications were performed in one soybean cycle and four applications in another one. The first applications were performed at GS V8, 11 days before rust detection, with 2.56% leaflet incidence, while the other applications were at 12 to 14-day interval. Rust severity was quantified, control was calculated in relation to the unsprayed treatment, and soybean grain yield was estimated as kg/ha. Fifty-one to 61% control was obtained with three sprayings and 68% to 70% control with four sprayings of prothioconazole alone. Over 80% control was obtained with at least 0.3 L/ha prothioconazole + 2.0 kg/ha mancozeb, corresponding to 75 g a.i./ha prothioconazole + 1500 g a.i./ha mancozeb. Reduction in P. pachyrhizi control by the use of the site-specific fungicide alone was confirmed, while the addition of mancozeb can recover the efficacy of the site-specific fungicide.

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Mortality of site-specific cancer in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.12760/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Liwei Ni ◽

Yuming Long ◽

Xuya Yuan ◽

Jianhao Xu ◽

Jialong Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Colon Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Site Specific ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Male Patients

Abstract Background: Numerous studies have reported contradicting results on the relationship between cancer mortality and schizophrenia. Our aim is to quantify the mortality rate of common site-specific cancers among patients with schizophrenia and to synthesize the available research evidence. Method: We performed a systemic search of the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. Studies reporting the mortality rate of different cancer in patients with schizophrenia were included. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results: Seven studies consisting of a total of 1,162,971 participants with schizophrenia were included in this meta-analysis. Data regarding mortality risk of breast, colon, lung and prostate cancer among schizophrenia patients were subjected to quantitative analysis. Pooled results showed significant increases in mortality risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.97, 95%CI 1.38–2.83), lung cancer (RR = 1.93, 95%CI 1.46–2.54) and colon cancer (RR = 1.69, 95%CI 1.60–1.80) in patients with schizophrenia compared with those in the general population or control group. The mortality risk of prostate cancer increased in male patients, although no significant difference was detected (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 0.79–3.15). Increased risks of mortality from lung and colon cancer were observed in female patients (RR = 2.49, 95%CI 2.40–2.59 and RR = 2.42, 95%CI 1.39–4.22, respectively) and elevated risks of mortality from lung and colon cancer in male patients (RR = 2.40, 95%CI 2.30–2.50 and RR = 1.90, 95%CI 1.71–2.11, respectively) were detected. Conclusions: Individuals with schizophrenia have a significantly high risk of mortality from breast, colon, and lung cancer and a high risk of mortality from prostate cancer.

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In vivo sensitivity of Phakopsora pachyrhizi to fungicides

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20190593 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amanda Chechi ◽

Valéria Cecília Ghissi-Mazetti ◽

Elias Zuchelli ◽

Carolina Cardoso Deuner ◽

Carlos Alberto Forcelini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Rust ◽

Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽

Copper Oxychloride ◽

Toxic Activity ◽

Site Specific ◽

Fungicide Application ◽

Asian Soybean Rust ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: Asian soybean rust is one of the most destructive diseases that can be found in this crop. It can be largely controlled by fungicide application. The objective was to assess the sensitivity of P. pachyrhizi isolates to fungicides. The tests were performed in a completely randomized design, with six replicates. The sensitivity of twelve isolates to site-specific and multisite fungicides at concentrations of 0.1; 1.0; 10.0, and 100.0 mg L-1, plus a control with absence of fungicide (0.0 mg L-1) was assessed. Soybean leaflets were immersed in the appropriate fungicide solutions, disposed in wet chambers in plastic boxes, and inoculated using each uredinia suspension of P. pachyhrizi (5.0 x 104 uredospores mL-1), separately. Boxes were incubated for 20 days at a temperature of 23°C and a 12-hour photoperiod. Next, the number of uredinia per cm2 on the abaxial face of each leaflet was evaluated. The active ingredients prothioconazole, trifloxystrobin, fluxapiroxade, trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole, trifloxystrobin + bixafen + prothioconazole, azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr, and azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr + diphenoconazole were highly fungitoxic for the majority of the isolates, with EC50 lower than 1.0 mg L-1. Diphenoconazole, azoxystrobin, and fenpropimorph were considered moderately fungitoxic for nine of the twelve isolates, with EC50 between 1 and 10 mg L-1. The multisites mancozeb and copper oxychloride presented EC50 responses classified as low toxic for the twelve isolates and eight for chlorothalonil (EC50 between 10 mg L-1 and 50 mg L-1). Site-specific fungicides showed high-to-moderate fungitoxicity to P. pachyrhizi isolates, even as the multisites presented moderate-to-less toxic activity.

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DOP43 The risk of extra-intestinal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis ◽

10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.082 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S080-S081

Author(s):

B Z S Lo ◽

M Zhao ◽

I Vind ◽

J Burisch

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Site Specific ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Stratified Analysis ◽

Year 2000 ◽

Overall Risk

Abstract Background Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of developing intestinal cancer compared with the background population. However, less is known about the risk of extra-intestinal cancers (EICs). A previous meta-analysis did not find an increased overall risk of EICs but was limited by the scarcity of available studies and the short length of follow-up in those cohorts. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cohorts assessing the risk of EICs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods A systematic literature search was carried out. Only population-based studies reporting on the prevalence or incidence of EICs were included. All studies were screened (603), and included studies were quality assessed by two investigators (BL, MZ). Studies eligible for meta-analysis were pooled for events, expected events or events in a control-population, and the length of follow-up in patient-years. A meta-analysis of the overall and site-specific risk of EICs and a stratified analysis of the cohorts (according to whether there were most patients followed before or after the year 2000) were conducted. Results In total, 36 studies were included in the systematic review and 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The majority of the studies reporting on the overall risk of EICs in their respective cohort were inconclusive due to lack of power. In the meta-analysis, the overall risk of EICs was found to be increased in both CD (IRR: 1.45 [1.26, 1.67]) and UC (IRR: 1.15 [1.02, 1.31]) patients (Figures 1 and 2). The stratified analysis showed a significant increased risk of EICs among CD patients both before (IRR: 1.58 [1.09, 2.28]) and after (IRR: 1.47 [1.28, 1.69]) the year 2000, while no increased risk was found among UC patients. Assessing site-specific EICs, both CD and UC patients demonstrated an increased risk of skin and hepatobiliary malignancies. Furthermore, CD demonstrated an increased risk of haematological and lung malignancies (Figures 3 and 4). Conclusion In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that IBD patients, both CD and UC patients, are at an increased risk of developing EICs; both overall and at specific sites. The transition of the millennium did not increase the risk of EICs in CD or UC patients. However, more studies with longer follow-up are needed to assess the true risk of EICs posed by IBD.

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A Meta-Analysis of Site-Specific Effects of Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Sensory Perception and Pain

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0123873 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. e0123873 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Bita Vaseghi ◽

Maryam Zoghi ◽

Shapour Jaberzadeh

Keyword(s):

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sensory Perception ◽

Site Specific ◽

Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Specific Effects

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Risk of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on site-specific cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews ◽

10.1002/dmrr.3004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. e3004 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jetty A. Overbeek ◽

Marina Bakker ◽

Amber A.W.A. van der Heijden ◽

Myrthe P.P. van Herk-Sukel ◽

Ron M.C. Herings ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽

Site Specific ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽

Specific Cancer

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Diabetes and Overweight/Obesity Are Independent, Nonadditive Risk Factors for In-Hospital Severity of COVID-19: An International, Multicenter Retrospective Meta-analysis

10.2337/figshare.13616024 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Danielle K. Longmore ◽

Jessica E. Miller ◽

Siroon Bekkering ◽

Christoph Saner ◽

Edin Mifsud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Invasive Ventilation ◽

Site Specific ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Non Invasive Ventilation

<a>OBJECTIVE </a> Obesity is an established risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but the contribution of overweight and/or diabetes remain unclear. In a multi-center international study, we investigated if overweight, obesity and diabetes were independently associated with COVID-19 severity, and whether the body mass index (BMI)-associated risk was increased among those with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODS We retrospectively extracted data from health care records and regional databases of hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 from 18 sites in 11 countries. We used standardized definitions and analyses to generate site-specific estimates, modelling the odds of each outcome (supplemental oxygen/non-invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality) by BMI category (reference, overweight, obese) adjusting for age, sex, and pre-specified co-morbidities. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients with pre-existing diabetes. Site-specific estimates were combined in a meta-analysis. RESULTS Among 7244 patients (65.6% overweight/obese), those with overweight were more likely to require oxygen/non-invasive ventilation (random effects adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.44 [95% CI 1.15-1.80]) and invasive mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.22 [CI 1.03-1.46]). There was no association between overweight and in-hospital mortality (aOR 0.88 [CI 0.74-1.04]). Similar effects were observed in patients with obesity or diabetes. In the subgroup analysis, the aOR for any outcome was not additionally increased in those with diabetes and overweight or obesity. CONCLUSIONS In adults hospitalized with COVID-19, overweight as well as obesity and diabetes were associated with increased odds of respiratory support but not mortality. In patients with diabetes, the odds of severe COVID-19 were not increased above the BMI-associated risk.

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Diabetes and Overweight/Obesity Are Independent, Nonadditive Risk Factors for In-Hospital Severity of COVID-19: An International, Multicenter Retrospective Meta-analysis

10.2337/figshare.13616024.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Danielle K. Longmore ◽

Jessica E. Miller ◽

Siroon Bekkering ◽

Christoph Saner ◽

Edin Mifsud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Invasive Ventilation ◽

Site Specific ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Non Invasive Ventilation

<a>OBJECTIVE </a> Obesity is an established risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but the contribution of overweight and/or diabetes remain unclear. In a multi-center international study, we investigated if overweight, obesity and diabetes were independently associated with COVID-19 severity, and whether the body mass index (BMI)-associated risk was increased among those with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODS We retrospectively extracted data from health care records and regional databases of hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 from 18 sites in 11 countries. We used standardized definitions and analyses to generate site-specific estimates, modelling the odds of each outcome (supplemental oxygen/non-invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality) by BMI category (reference, overweight, obese) adjusting for age, sex, and pre-specified co-morbidities. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients with pre-existing diabetes. Site-specific estimates were combined in a meta-analysis. RESULTS Among 7244 patients (65.6% overweight/obese), those with overweight were more likely to require oxygen/non-invasive ventilation (random effects adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.44 [95% CI 1.15-1.80]) and invasive mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.22 [CI 1.03-1.46]). There was no association between overweight and in-hospital mortality (aOR 0.88 [CI 0.74-1.04]). Similar effects were observed in patients with obesity or diabetes. In the subgroup analysis, the aOR for any outcome was not additionally increased in those with diabetes and overweight or obesity. CONCLUSIONS In adults hospitalized with COVID-19, overweight as well as obesity and diabetes were associated with increased odds of respiratory support but not mortality. In patients with diabetes, the odds of severe COVID-19 were not increased above the BMI-associated risk.

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