Cross-flow microfiltration of oil-in-water emulsions using low cost ceramic membranes

AbstractOily wastewaters are produced in large amounts in many fields of food, mechanical, and other types of industry. In order to protect the environment, wastewaters must not be discharged directly into sewers. First, they must be cleaned at least down to 50 mg L−1 of oil content (according to Hungarian standard). In previous research, the authors found that oil-in-water emulsions can be separated with filtration using ceramic ultrafiltration tubular membranes. The relatively high price of ceramic membranes can be compensated by the fact that this separation process can be significantly intensified by static mixers inside the tubular membranes. New generations of ceramic membranes are the ceramic capillary membranes. These two different types of membranes and their effects on permeate flux, oil retention and specific energy consumption were compared in this work. The results, obtained with a stable oil-in-water emulsion as feed, showed that the use of novel ceramic capillary membranes at optimal operating cross-flow rate and transmembrane pressure is reasonable. The results have also shown the advantage of static mixing in the lumen side of the membrane tube providing a wider range of satisfactory separation level and increased permeate flux.

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Ultrafiltration of oil-in-water emulsion by using ceramic membrane: Taguchi experimental design approach

Open Chemistry ◽

10.2478/s11532-013-0373-6 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 242-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jania Milić ◽

Irena Petrinić ◽

Andreja Goršek ◽

Marjana Simonič

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Ceramic Membrane ◽

Cross Flow ◽

Ceramic Membranes ◽

Optimization Criterion ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Taguchi Experimental Design ◽

Water Emulsion ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Oil In Water Emulsion

AbstractIn this study, a Taguchi experimental design methodology was used to determine the importance of process parameters influencing the ultrafiltration (UF) of oil-in-water emulsions. Four parameters including pH (5–11), oil concentration (φ) (0.5–3% (v/v)), temperature (T) (25–45°C) and trans-membrane pressure (TMP) (1–5 bar) were studied at three levels. The highest flux was used as optimization criterion. In order to reduce the number of experiments, a Taguchi method was applied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the most significant parameters affecting the optimization criterion.Filtration experiments were performed in a cross-flow operation at a total recycle condition in a laboratory-scale plant. The ceramic UF membrane with a pore size of 50 nm was employed in a tubular module with an active area of 0,418 m2. We used water-soluble cutting oil mixed with water as a model oil-in-water emulsion. During the experiment, the drop size and zeta potential distributions were evaluated.The optimum conditions for UF providing the highest flux were found at TMP = 5 bar, pH = 7, and φ = 0.5 v/v%. The pH of emulsion had the highest impact on COD retention. The results of this study could be used as a guideline for operating UF systems with ceramic membranes at optimal conditions.

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BASS STRAIT WATER HANDLING DEVELOPMENTS

The APPEA Journal ◽

10.1071/aj84009 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

John J. Hayes

Keyword(s):

Saline Water ◽

Low Cost ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Cross Flow ◽

Pipeline System ◽

Offshore Platforms ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Oily Water ◽

Oily Water Treatment ◽

Saline Formation

Esso Australia Ltd operates, on behalf of Esso/BHP, a crude oil and natural gas producing and processing facility in the Gippsland Basin, Victoria. Saline formation water produced with the oil is treated and discharged overboard from offshore platforms wherever possible to limit the volume of saline water in the pipeline system and avoid onshore disposal of saline water. Esso has developed oily water treatment and continuous oil-in- water monitoring beyond conventional technology and operates within stringent overboard water discharge regulations. Initial oily water treating installations were Cross Flow Interceptors, a corrugated plate gravity separator. Unsatisfactory performance prompted investigations leading to development of the Dissolved Gas Flotation unit using evolved gas to lift oil droplets to the surface. These units operate successfully offshore today. The most recent developments have been associated with a liquid-liquid hydrocyclone trade named 'Vortoil'. This has been tested offshore with an 'Purometer' continuous oil-in-water monitor. The Vortoil and Purometer have both performed favourably and proven a compact, low cost combination for future water treating installations.

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Experimental analysis of chemical demulsification of cutting oil

Acta Innovations ◽

10.32933/actainnovations.26.3 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 28-37

Author(s):

Piotr Pacholski ◽

Jerzy Sęk

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Sulfate ◽

Low Cost ◽

Metalworking Fluids ◽

Optimal Dosage ◽

Recycling Process ◽

Lubricant Oil ◽

Metalworking Fluid ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Oil Water

The wastewater produced by the metal industry is often present in the form of oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in- oil (W/O) emulsions. These fluids contain a certain amount of valuable oil that can be recovered in the recycling process. Therefore, the development of novel, efficient, and low cost processes for the treatment of metalworking fluid is necessary. Demulsification to separate oil/water mixtures is a very interesting option because it allows the recovery and reuse of the lubricant oil and effects in cleaner, easily treatablemwastewater.Chemical destabilization is the most common way of demulsification of metalworking fluids. As an example, inorganic salts can be used as demulsifiers. In the presented work the efficiency of treatment of cutting emulsions with chemical demulsification with usage of aluminum sulfate (IV) is described. The emulsion was prepared with Emulgol-ES12 self-emulsyfing oil delivered by Orlen S.A. In the research the feasibility of the demulsifier was checked.The novel in this paper is determination of the optimal dosage of emulsifier using the TurbiscanLab® apparatus. It is relatively quick and precise method that can be applied in the industry.

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Enhanced Performance of Fly Ash-Based Supports for Low-Cost Ceramic Membranes with the Addition of Bauxite

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11090711 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 711

Author(s):

Wan Fan ◽

Dong Zou ◽

Jingrui Xu ◽

Xianfu Chen ◽

Minghui Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

High Performance ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Ceramic Membrane ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Low Cost ◽

Pure Water ◽

Ceramic Membranes ◽

Mullite Phase ◽

Optimum Balance

Support is a necessary foundation for ceramic membranes to achieve high performance. Finding the optimum balance between high performance and low cost is still a significant challenge in the fabrication of ceramic supports. In this study, low-cost fly ash-based ceramic supports with enhanced performance were prepared by the addition of bauxite. The pore structure, mechanical strength, and shrinkage of fly ash/bauxite supports could be tuned by optimizing the bauxite content and sintering temperature. When the sintering temperature and bauxite content were controlled at 1300 °C and 40 wt%, respectively, the obtained membrane supports exhibited a high pure water permeance of approximately 5.36 m3·m−2·h−1·bar−1 and a high bending strength of approximately 69.6 MPa. At the same time, the optimized ceramic supports presented a typical mullite phase and excellent resistance to acid and alkali. This work provides a potential route for the preparation of ceramic membrane supports with characteristics of low cost and high performance.

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Development of oil-in-water microemulsion encapsulating Vitamin E for thermal and hydrolysis degradation study

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v16n3.1517 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 277-280

Author(s):

Khairun Nisa Abdul Rahman ◽

Vicit Rizal Eh Suk ◽

Khalisanni Khalid ◽

Nurhazirah Mohd Ihsan ◽

Zainurin Md Dom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Small Particle Size ◽

Degradation Study ◽

Oil In Water ◽

The Mean ◽

Vitamin E Homologs

Vitamin E is widely used for medicinal and cosmeceuticals purposes. However, it is easy to degrade by the environment. In this study, the degradation of Gold Tri.E™ was studied and determined. Gold Tri.E™ is a mixture of Vitamin E homologs (tocotrienol and tocopherol) extracted from palm oil (Elais Guineensis). A nanocarrier system has been optimized to encapsulate Gold Tri.E™ from degrading and increasing its stability as a bioactive compound. An oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsion was formulated and optimized as the best carrier to encapsulate Gold Tri.E™ with the mean particle size of 32.60±3.60 nm and 99.99±0.01% encapsulation efficiency (EE). Degradation of the Gold Tri.E™ in o/w microemulsion was significantly reduced as compared to the bare Gold Tri.ETM. This suggested that the system could protect Gold Tri.E™ from thermal and hydrolysis degradation. Thus, the ease of preparation, low-cost production, and small particle size obtained when Gold Tri.E™ encapsulated in this system give promising drug delivery system to encapsulate, protect, and increase the shelf life of Gold Tri.E™.

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Drinking water production by coagulation-microfiltration and adsorption-ultrafiltration

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0394 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (10) ◽

pp. 135-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Akira Yuasa

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Hollow Fiber ◽

Cross Flow ◽

Ceramic Membranes ◽

Cellulose Acetate Membrane ◽

Water Recovery ◽

Dead End ◽

Iron Manganese ◽

Gac Adsorption

Microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) pilot plants were operated to produce drinking water from surface water from 1992 to 1996. Microfiltration was combined with pre-coagulation by polyaluminium chloride and was operated in a dead-end mode using hollow fiber polypropylene and monolith type ceramic membranes. Ultrafiltration pilot was operated in both cross-flow and dead-end modes using hollow fiber cellulose acetate membrane and was combined occasionally with powdered activated carbon (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption. Turbidity in the raw water varied in the range between 1 and 100 mg/L (as standard Kaolin) and was removed almost completely in all MF and UF pilot plants to less than 0.1 mg/L. MF and UF removed metals such as iron, manganese and aluminium well. The background organics in the river water measured as KMnO4 demand varied in the range between 3 and 16 mg/L. KMnO4 demand decreased to less than 2 mg/L and to less than 3 mg/L on the average by the coagulation-MF process and the sole UF process, respectively. Combination of PAC or GAC adsorption with UF resulted in an increased removal of the background organics and the trihalomethanes formation potential as well as the micropollutants such as pesticides. Filtration flux was controlled in the range between 1.5 and 2.5 m/day with the trans-membrane pressure less than 100 kPa in most cases for MF and UF. The average water recovery varied from 99 to 85%.

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Innovative Optical-Sensing Technology for the Online Fouling Characterization of Silicon Carbide Membranes during the Treatment of Oily Water

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20041161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1161

Author(s):

Mehrdad Ebrahimi ◽

Axel A. Schmidt ◽

Cagatay Kaplan ◽

Oliver Schmitz ◽

Peter Czermak

Keyword(s):

Silicon Carbide ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Produced Water ◽

Cross Flow ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Ceramic Membranes ◽

Transmembrane Pressure ◽

Sensing Technology ◽

Water Sensor

The oil and gas industry generates a large volume of contaminated water (produced water) which must be processed to recover oil before discharge. Here, we evaluated the performance and fouling behavior of commercial ceramic silicon carbide membranes in the treatment of oily wastewaters. In this context, microfiltration and ultrafiltration ceramic membranes were used for the separation of oil during the treatment of tank dewatering produced water and oily model solutions, respectively. We also tested a new online oil-in-water sensor (OMD-32) based on the principle of light scattering for the continuous measurement of oil concentrations in order to optimize the main filtration process parameters that determine membrane performance: the transmembrane pressure and cross-flow velocity. Using the OMD-32 sensor, the oil content of the feed, concentrate and permeate streams was measured continuously and fell within the range 0.0–200 parts per million (ppm) with a resolution of 1.0 ppm. The ceramic membranes achieved an oil-recovery efficiency of up to 98% with less than 1.0 ppm residual oil in the permeate stream, meeting environmental regulations for discharge in most areas.

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Low-Cost Ceramic Membranes Manufacture for MBR: Comparison of Pilot and Industrial Scale

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering - Frontiers in Wastewater Treatment and Modelling ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-58421-8_30 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 193-196

Author(s):

E. Zuriaga ◽

I. Pastor ◽

B. Hernández ◽

L. Basiero ◽

M.-M. Lorente-Ayza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Ceramic Membranes ◽

Industrial Scale

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