Comparison of ceramic capillary membrane and ceramic tubular membrane with inserted static mixer

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Gaspar ◽  
Andras Koris ◽  
Zsolt Bertalan ◽  
Gyula Vatai
Keyword(s):  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
High Price ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Capillary Membranes ◽  
Tubular Membranes

AbstractOily wastewaters are produced in large amounts in many fields of food, mechanical, and other types of industry. In order to protect the environment, wastewaters must not be discharged directly into sewers. First, they must be cleaned at least down to 50 mg L−1 of oil content (according to Hungarian standard). In previous research, the authors found that oil-in-water emulsions can be separated with filtration using ceramic ultrafiltration tubular membranes. The relatively high price of ceramic membranes can be compensated by the fact that this separation process can be significantly intensified by static mixers inside the tubular membranes. New generations of ceramic membranes are the ceramic capillary membranes. These two different types of membranes and their effects on permeate flux, oil retention and specific energy consumption were compared in this work. The results, obtained with a stable oil-in-water emulsion as feed, showed that the use of novel ceramic capillary membranes at optimal operating cross-flow rate and transmembrane pressure is reasonable. The results have also shown the advantage of static mixing in the lumen side of the membrane tube providing a wider range of satisfactory separation level and increased permeate flux.

scholarly journals Data-driven Modelling of Microfiltration Process with Embedded Static Mixer for Steepwater from Corn Starch Industry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laslo Šereš ◽  
Ljubica Dokić ◽  
Bojana Ikonić ◽  
Dragana Šoronja-Simović ◽  
Miljana Djordjević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Static Mixer ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Starch Industry

Cross-flow microfiltration using ceramic tubular membrane was applied for treatment of steepwater from corn starch industry. Experiments are conducted according to the faced centered central composite design at three different transmembrane pressures (1, 2 and 3 bar) and cross-flow velocities (100, 150 and 200 L/h) with and without the usage of Kenics static mixer. For examination of the influence of the selected operating conditions at which usage of the static mixer is justified, a response surface methodology and desirability function approach were used. Obtained results showed improvement in the average permeate flux by using Kenics static mixer for 211 % to 269 % depending on experimental conditions when compared to the system without the static mixer. As a result of optimization, the best results considering flux improvement as well as reduction of specific energy consumption were obtained at low transmembrane pressure and lower feed cross-flow rates.

scholarly journals Membrane surface properties and their effects on real waste oil-in-water emulsion ultrafiltration

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjana Simonič
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion

Membrane surface properties and their effect on the efficiency of ultrafiltration (UF) of real waste oily emulsions was studied. Experiments were performed in cross-flow operation at total recycle condition in a lab-scale system. The ceramic UF membrane in the tubular type module was employed. During the experiments permeate flux was measured. The most important influential factors, such as temperature, TMP, and pH, were considered during the experiments. Zeta potential was measured in order to explain the phenomena on the membrane surface. The isoelectric point of the fouled membrane was shifted to the alkaline range. COD removal efficiency reached 89%. Gas chromatography measurements were performed in order to determine the composition of waste emulsions. SEM micrographs showed the formation of calcite on the membrane, which contributed to membrane fouling. Chemical cleaning was examined using alkaline and acid solutions, and a cleaning strategy was determined.

Crossflow Microfiltration of Oil in Water Emulsion via Tubular Filters: Evaluation by Mathematical Models on Droplet Deformation and Filtration

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Richard G. Holdich ◽  
Ian W. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Emulsion System ◽  
Droplet Deformation ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Low Interfacial Tension ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion ◽  
Crossflow Microfiltration

Tiga jenis penuras tiub, iaitu 13 μm bukaan celah, 4 μm bukaan lingkar dan 0.45 μm membran seramik, serta penuras kepingan 13 μm bukaan celah telah digunakan untuk menapis 1000 ppm emulsi minyak dalam air. Penahanan zarah minyak berdasarkan saiz bukaan penuras juga diuji dengan memasukkan 17 mm pilin ke dalam penuras tiub bukaan celah dan bukaan lingkar. Data ujikaji telah dinilai dengan menggunakan model-model penurasan. Model ubah bentuk zarah menunjukkan bahawa kelemahan penyingkiran minyak adalah disebabkan oleh tegangan antara muka sistem emulsi yang rendah dan menyebabkan zarah minyak mudah melepasi bukaan penuras meskipun pada tekanan operasi membran yang rendah. Walau bagaimanapun, keputusan yang ditunjukkan oleh model–model penurasan mencadangkan bahawa penuras mikro bukaan celah dapat mengurangkan kegagalan fluk, serta penggunaan pilin boleh mengurangkan rintangan terhadap penurasan. Kata kunci: Ubah bentuk zarah; model penurasan; emulsi minyak dalam air Three types of tubular filters, i.e. 13 μm slots, 4 μm circular pores and 0.45 μm ceramic membranes, and 13 μm flat sheet slots were used to challenge 1000 ppm oil in water emulsion, the test liquid. The rejection of oil drops by pore size was also evaluated by incorporating a 17 mm pitch helix within the tubular slots and circular pore filters. The experimental data were analysed using filtration models. The model of droplet deformation indicates that poor rejection was caused by a low interfacial tension of emulsion system and that the oil drops could easily penetrate the filters even at low transmembrane pressure. However, the results of filtration models suggested that the use of slots was more likely to reduce the flux decay and the incorporation of a helix can greatly reduced the resistance to filtration. Key words: Droplet deformation; filtration models; oil in water emulsion

scholarly journals Ultrafiltration of oil-in-water emulsion by using ceramic membrane: Taguchi experimental design approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jania Milić ◽  
Irena Petrinić ◽  
Andreja Goršek ◽  
Marjana Simonič
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Taguchi Experimental Design ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion

AbstractIn this study, a Taguchi experimental design methodology was used to determine the importance of process parameters influencing the ultrafiltration (UF) of oil-in-water emulsions. Four parameters including pH (5–11), oil concentration (φ) (0.5–3% (v/v)), temperature (T) (25–45°C) and trans-membrane pressure (TMP) (1–5 bar) were studied at three levels. The highest flux was used as optimization criterion. In order to reduce the number of experiments, a Taguchi method was applied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the most significant parameters affecting the optimization criterion.Filtration experiments were performed in a cross-flow operation at a total recycle condition in a laboratory-scale plant. The ceramic UF membrane with a pore size of 50 nm was employed in a tubular module with an active area of 0,418 m2. We used water-soluble cutting oil mixed with water as a model oil-in-water emulsion. During the experiment, the drop size and zeta potential distributions were evaluated.The optimum conditions for UF providing the highest flux were found at TMP = 5 bar, pH = 7, and φ = 0.5 v/v%. The pH of emulsion had the highest impact on COD retention. The results of this study could be used as a guideline for operating UF systems with ceramic membranes at optimal conditions.

Effect of Fluidized Bed on Permeate Flux in Ceramic Membrane Cross-Flow Microfiltration

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2074-2084
Author(s):  
Petr Mikulášek
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Model Fluid ◽  
Optimum Porosity ◽  
Tubular Membranes

The microfiltration of a model fluid on an α-alumina microfiltration tubular membrane in the presence of a fluidized bed has been examined. Following the description of the basic characteristic of alumina tubular membranes, model dispersion and spherical particles used, some comments on the experimental system and experimental results for different microfiltration systems are presented. From the analysis of experimental results it may be concluded that the use of turbulence-promoting agents resulted in a significant increase of permeate flux through the membrane. It was found out that the optimum porosity of fluidized bed for which the maximum values of permeate flux were reached is approximately 0.8.

Concentration and Desalination of Protein Derived from Tuna Cooking Juice by Nanofiltration

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammadameen Hajihama ◽  
Wirote Youravong
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Additional Process ◽  
Canning Industry

Tuna cooking juice is a co-product of tuna canning industry. It riches in protein, currently used for production of feed meal as well as protein hydrolysate. The finish products are usually in the form of concentrate, produced by evaporation process. However, evaporation is energy consumable process and the salt content level of the concentrate is often over the standard, thus required additional process for lowering salt content e.g. crystallization. The use of membrane technology, therefore, is of interest, since it required less energy and footprint compared with evaporation and is also able to reduce salt content of the concentrate. The aim of this study were to employ and select the membrane filtration process, and optimize the operating condition for protein concentration and desalination of tuna cooking juice. The results indicated that nanofiltration (NF) was more suitable than the ultrafiltration (UF) process, regarding the ability in protein recovery and desalination. The NF performance was evaluated in terms of permeation flux and protein and salt retentions. The protein and salt rejections of NF were 96 % and 5 %, respectively. The permeate flux(J) increased as transmembrane pressure (TMP) or cross flow rate (CFR) increased and the highest flux was obtained at TMP of 10 bar and CFR of 800 L/h. Operating with batch mode, the permeate flux was found to decrease as protein concentration increased, and at volume concentration factor about 4, the protein concentration  about 10% while salt removal was aproximately 70 % of the initial value. This work clearly showed that NF was successfully employed for concentration and desalination of protein derived from tuna cooking juice.

scholarly journals Microfiltration with periodic gas backwashing as an alternative technique for increasing permeate flux

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Tijana Urosevic ◽  
Dragan Povrenovic ◽  
Predrag Vukosavljevic ◽  
Ivan Urosevic
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Flow Filtration

In this paper, the influence of operating parameters (transmembrane pressure, temperature, the flow rate of retentate) on the cross - flow microfiltration of synthetic fruit juice and periodic backwashing with air was examined. In the experiments, the Kerasep W5 ceramic membrane with a separation limit of 0.2 ?m was used. The results of experiments in which different transmembrane pressures were used showed that stationary fluxes, at stationary conditions, after 60 minutes, have similar values. So, it can be concluded that the value of the driving force is irrelevant at steady state conditions. However, until the steady state conditions are established, a positive effect of the increase in the driving force is opposed to the negative effect of the increased polarization resistance, as a result of the driving force increase. Thus, the optimal transmembrane pressure was determined amounting to 2 bars. The optimum temperature of the process of clearing the fruit juices by microfiltration is reported as 55?C. Higher temperatures are not used due to a degrading effect on the chemical composition of the juice and a long microfiltration process. With an increase in the temperature of retentate from 22?C to 55?C, the permeate flux increased up to 60%. Increasing the flow rate of retentate reduces the thickness of the formed layer on the surface of the membrane. Due to limitations of the experimental setup and the large surface area of the membrane, the specific velocity of the retentate was low, so that the effects of cross-flow filtration were absent. The use of cross-flow filtration is one of the main requirements for increasing permeate flux, but in the present case it was in overall insufficient, so we have applied periodic air backwashing for improving fruit juice flux during membrane clarification. With this technique, the deposited layer on the membrane is lifted and the permeate flux is maintained at high levels preventing establishment of the steady state in the low flux zone. The time spent for the periodic backwashing was low as compared to the benefits of the increase in the collected permeate quantity. In all experiments with periodic backwashing with air, the collected permeate quantity is higher for up to 72.5 % as compared to experiments without backwashing. By increasing the backwashing duration, the flux increase is up to 5 %, which can be significant for microfiltration at industrial scale. Therefore, this technique is certainly recommended for microfiltration in the production of fruit juices.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Tight Ultrafiltration Membrane Systems at Pilot Scale for Agave Fructans Fractionation and Purification

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Noe Luiz-Santos ◽  
Rogelio Prado-Ramírez ◽  
Enrique Arriola-Guevara ◽  
Rosa-María Camacho-Ruiz ◽  
Lorena Moreno-Vilet
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Systems

Ceramic and polymeric membrane systems were compared at the pilot scale for separating agave fructans into different molecular weight fractions that help to diversify them into more specific industrial applications. The effect of the transmembrane pressure of ultrafiltration performance was evaluated through hydraulic permeability, permeate flux and rejection coefficients, using the same operating conditions such as temperature, feed concentration and the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of membranes. The fouling phenomenon and the global yield of the process were evaluated in concentration mode. A size distribution analysis of agave fructans is presented and grouped by molecular weight in different fractions. Great differences were found between both systems, since rejection coefficients of 68.6% and 100% for fructans with degrees of polymerization (DP) > 10, 36.3% and 99.3% for fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and 21.4% and 34.2% for mono-disaccharides were obtained for ceramic and polymeric membrane systems, respectively. Thus, ceramic membranes are better for use in the fractionation process since they reached a purity of 42.2% of FOS with a yield of 40.1% in the permeate and 78.23% for fructans with DP > 10 and a yield of 70% in the retentate. Polymeric membranes make for an efficient fructan purification process, eliminating only mono-disaccharides, and reaching a 97.7% purity (considering both fructan fractions) with a yield of 64.3% in the retentate.

scholarly journals Testing of 3D Printed Turbulence Promoters for Membrane Filtration

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
Igor Gáspár ◽  
Réka Neczpál
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Static Mixers ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion

Membrane filtration process can be intensified by using static mixers inside tubular membranes. Most of commercial static mixers are optimized for mixing fluids, not for membrane filtration. We have developed new turbulence promoter geometries designed for intensification of permeate flux and retention without significant pressure drop along the membrane. In previous experiments, we used metallic turbulence promoters, but in this work, FDM 3D printing technology was used to create these improved geometries, which are new in membrane filtration and they have the same geometry as existing metallic versions. New 3D printed objects were tested with filtration of stable oil-in-water emulsion. Our experiments proved that 3D printed static mixers might be as effective as metallic versions. The effect on initial flux and retention of oil was very similar. Pressure drop along membrane was slightly higher (but significantly lower from pressure drop along the membrane resulted by commercial static mixers, designed only for mixing fluids). Higher pressure drop may be the result of rougher surface due the layer-technology of 3D printing. This negative effect can be reduced by using a smaller nozzle (which will produce smaller layers) or smoothing the surface. PLA is material easier for printing, but from these two materials, PETG is a better choice due its higher operating temperature and better water-resist properties too.

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