scholarly journals Development of a syphilis serum bank to support research, development, and evaluation of syphilis diagnostic tests in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 114913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayur Shukla ◽  
Yongcheng Sun ◽  
Joshua McCormick ◽  
Andre Hopkins ◽  
Lara Pereira ◽  
...  
2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Lutgring ◽  
María-José Machado ◽  
Faiza H. Benahmed ◽  
Patricia Conville ◽  
Ribhi M. Shawar ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The FDA-CDC Antimicrobial Resistance Isolate Bank was created in July 2015 as a publicly available resource to combat antimicrobial resistance. It is a curated repository of bacterial isolates with an assortment of clinically important resistance mechanisms that have been phenotypically and genotypically characterized. In the first 2 years of operation, the bank offered 14 panels comprising 496 unique isolates and had filled 486 orders from 394 institutions throughout the United States. New panels are being added.


Mycoses ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Koshnick ◽  
Kia K. Lilly ◽  
Katherine St Clair ◽  
Mary T. Finnegan ◽  
Erin M. Warshaw

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (30) ◽  
pp. 7454-7459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Amendola ◽  
Hedvig Hricak ◽  
Donald G. Mitchell ◽  
Bradley Snyder ◽  
Dennis S. Chi ◽  
...  

Purpose To review the current utilization of diagnostic tests prescribed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) clinical staging guidelines in the pretreatment work-up of invasive cervical cancer, and to compare the data with those of previous patterns of care studies. Patients and Methods This interdisciplinary American College of Radiology Imaging Network/Gynecologic Oncology Group prospective clinical trial was conducted between March 1, 2000, and November 11, 2002. Twenty-five participating institutions, all from the United States, enrolled a total of 208 patients. Only patients scheduled for surgery with biopsy-confirmed cervical cancer of clinical FIGO stage IB or higher were eligible. The patterns of care data analysis was based on 197 patients who met all inclusion criteria. The conventional FIGO-recommended tests used for pre-enrollment FIGO clinical stage classification were at the discretion of the treating physician; overall frequency of use was tabulated for each test. Results Use of cystoscopy (8.1%) and sigmoidoscopy or proctoscopy (8.6%) was significantly lower than in 1988 to 1989 (P < .0001 in each instance). Intravenous urography was used in only 1% of patients as compared with 42% in 1988 to 1989 and 91% in 1983. No patient included in the data analysis had barium enema or lymphangiography. Only 26.9% of patients had examination under anesthesia for FIGO clinical staging. Conclusion There is a large discrepancy between the diagnostic tests recommended by FIGO and the actual tests used for cervical cancer staging, suggesting a need to reassess the relevance of the FIGO guidelines to current clinical practice in the United States.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Pho ◽  
Arjun K Manrai ◽  
John T Leppert ◽  
Glenn M Chertow ◽  
John P A Ioannidis ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Physicians sometimes consider whether or not to perform diagnostic testing in healthy people, but it is unknown whether nonextreme values of diagnostic tests typically encountered in such populations have any predictive ability, in particular for risk of death. The goal of this study was to quantify the associations among population reference intervals of 152 common biomarkers with all-cause mortality in a representative, nondiseased sample of adults in the United States. Methods The study used an observational cohort derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a representative sample of the United States population consisting of 6 survey waves from 1999 to 2010 with linked mortality data (unweighted N = 30 651) and a median followup of 6.1 years. We deployed an X-wide association study (XWAS) approach to systematically perform association testing of 152 diagnostic tests with all-cause mortality. Results After controlling for multiple hypotheses, we found that the values within reference intervals (10–90th percentiles) of 20 common biomarkers used as diagnostic tests or clinical measures were associated with all-cause mortality, including serum albumin, red cell distribution width, serum alkaline phosphatase, and others after adjusting for age (linear and quadratic terms), sex, race, income, chronic illness, and prior-year healthcare utilization. All biomarkers combined, however, explained only an additional 0.8% of the variance of mortality risk. We found modest year-to-year changes, or changes in association from survey wave to survey wave from 1999 to 2010 in the association sizes of biomarkers. Conclusions Reference and nonoutlying variation in common biomarkers are consistently associated with mortality risk in the US population, but their additive contribution in explaining mortality risk is minor.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Peacock

Collaboration with colleges and universities may be a promising opportunity for collecting data on what foods people buy. This data could support research in animal advocacy and other fields seeking to change diet, including reducing the purchase and consumption of animal products. To help build these collaborations, information about the dining services at 66 campuses in the United States was collected. Using this information, we tried to identify campuses which were likely to have detailed information on the food students buy and be willing to collaborate with researchers. We identified three such campuses and 25 campuses that likely do not meet those criteria. Researchers should consider collaborating with the identified campuses, searching for additional campuses as well as alternative research methods that do not require such detailed information.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
José Maria de Morais Borges Neto ◽  
José Eduardo Barroso Colácio ◽  
Fayga Silveira Bedê

O presente estudo busca compreender as razões pelas quais a pesquisa jurídica no Brasil permanece relativamente infensa à pesquisa empírica. Percebe-se que, em outras matrizes jurídicas, como é o caso dos Estados Unidos, a adoção dos estudos de campo já se encontra muito mais incorporada em seu repertório, tendo em vista o papel central da jurisprudência e o modo como ela reverbera na Academia, em termos de análise do discurso produzido pelas suas cortes. No caso do Brasil, muito embora se reconheça uma série de iniciativas relevantes no sentido de promover a adoção da pesquisa empírica no Direito, de modo geral, ainda se tratam de práticas isoladas, fruto dos esforços envidados por grupos de excelência. Compreende-se que a dificuldade de se imiscuir novas práticas de pesquisa de campo no bojo da pesquisa jurídica brasileira tem causas multifatoriais. Para os limites do presente estudo, reflete-se sobre a hipótese de a cultura manualesca – cujo maior esteio reside em meros argumentos de autoridade – constituir um dos principais fatores de inibição à pesquisa empírica. De acordo com essa hipótese, a ser testada em trabalhos posteriores, a tendência dogmatizante dos manuais tornaria a pesquisa jurídica mais autorreferente e menos permeável aos estudos de campo.Palavras-chave: Pesquisa empírica. Desenvolvimento do Direito. Cultura de Manual. Abstract:The present study seeks to understand the reasons why legal research in Brazil remains relatively unfriendly toward empirical research. In other legal domains, such as the case in the United States, the resource of field studies is already much more incorporated into its repertoire, given the central role of jurisprudence and the way it reverberates in the Academy, in terms of analysis of the discourse produced by their courts. In the case of Brazil, although a series of relevant initiatives are recognized to promote the adoption of empirical research in the Law, in general, they are still isolated practices, the result of the efforts made by groups of excellence. It is understood that the difficulty to introduce new field research practices within the scope of Brazilian legal research has many causes. For the limits of the present study, it is reflected on the hypothesis that the textbook culture, whose main foundation are mere arguments of authority, constitutes one of the main factors of inhibition to the empirical research. According to this hypothesis, to be tested in later works, the dogmatic tendency of textbooks would make legal research more self-referential and less permeable to field studies. Keywords: Empirical research. Development of Law. Textbook Culture


1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A Hopper ◽  
Judy Knighton ◽  
Joel Fish ◽  
Walter Peters

Seventeen Canadian adult burn centres were surveyed to determine the pattern of use, cost and availability of nine skin substitutes. An equal number of centres in the United States with comparable bed capacities were approached for comparison. Eighty-eight per cent of the Canadian centres and 76% of the United States centres responded to the questionnaire. Human cadaver skin, pig skin and Biobrane were used by approximately twice as many United States centres as Canadian centres. Cultured epidermal autografts (CEAs) were used by 20% of the Canadian centres and 15% of the American centres. Opsite, Tegaderm and Duoderm were used widely in both countries. Alloderm was used only in the United States, and amnion was not used in either country. The most common use of each substitute varied among centres, however, the pattern of use was comparable between the two countries, with the exception that Biobrane was not used in Canada to cover donor site wounds. In the United States, 60% of cadaver skin and all CEAs were purchased from private companies, whereas use of these two relatively expensive skin substitutes in Canada was restricted to centres with access to hospital-affiliated skin banks or laboratories. With the dependence of Canadian centres on noncommercial sources of biological skin replacements, research development in established skin banks should be encouraged, and regional discrepancies regarding access to these facilities addressed.


2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Bobenchik ◽  
Robyn Shimizu-Cohen ◽  
Romney M. Humphries

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 1578-1583
Author(s):  
Bing Wu ◽  
Wen Xia Xu ◽  
Jun Ge

This study is a productivity review on the literature gleaned from SSCI, SCIE databases concerning trust analysis in social network community research. The result indicates that the number of literature productions on trust analysis in social network community is still growing. The main research development country is the United States, and from the analysis of the distribution of language, English is the most popular language. Moreover the research focuses on are mainly empirical research, computational model and recommendation system, we analyze these typical references in detail, also limitations and future research.


2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 86-87
Author(s):  
David J Patterson ◽  
Douglas S Brown ◽  
Michael F Smith ◽  
William R Lamberson ◽  
Jeremy Taylor ◽  
...  

Abstract Continued research of new and emerging technologies in reproduction and genomics and transfer of these technologies to our nation’s beef cattle industry is currently challenged. Funding for research to support advances in these disciplines, the linkages between them, and their collective economic impact will be essential to improve efficiencies of production, given the anticipated growth in global population and the declining availability of earth’s resources. As budgets to support research and transfer of technology via Extension have dwindled, many states lack the necessary critical mass to support research of new technologies, and as importantly, effective transfer of these technologies to industry stakeholders. Simply put, land grant universities in states across the United States are now categorized as “have and have-nots” when it comes to research infrastructure and qualified extension personnel. Further, there is concern regarding the limited number of veterinarians that specialize in animal reproduction and genomics across the United States and implications for veterinary student training and continuing education offerings for veterinary practitioners in the field. Veterinarians serve as a key information source for US livestock producers and are essential in facilitating the adoption of various reproductive and genomic technologies. Collectively, these considerations form the rationale for a USDA-NIFA funded project with matching support from the University of Missouri to create a National Center for Applied Reproduction and Genomics (NCARG) in Beef Cattle. NCARG will serve as a new model for research and technology transfer wherein industry participants at all levels and from across the US are afforded the opportunity to access information and acquire new skills that will improve reproductive management and genetic makeup of our nation’s livestock enterprise.


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